Mobile telephone

ABSTRACT

A mobile telephone includes a cartilage conduction unit for making contact with the ear cartilage. The cartilage conduction unit is provided to at least one of two corner parts at an upper side of the mobile telephone. The mobile telephone can include a surface of an outer wall and a cartilage conduction vibration source arranged inward from the surface of the outer wall, the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source being transmitted to the surface of the outer wall, wherein when the surface of the outer wall is brought into contact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part to the external auditory meatus without making contact with the auricular helix, the sound pressure inside the external auditory meatus at about 1 cm from the entrance part of the external auditory meatus has an at least 10 dB increase compared to the non-contact state.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/489,971, filed Jun. 6, 2012, which is a continuation application ofand claims the benefit under 35 USC 120 to International PatentApplication PCT/JP2011/080095, filed Dec. 26, 2011, and also claims thebenefit of foreign priority of the following Japanese Applications:

2010-289894, filed Dec. 27, 2010;

2011-009546, filed Jan. 20, 2011;

2011-021312, filed Feb. 3, 2011;

2011-028489, filed Feb. 14, 2011;

2011-037543, filed Feb. 23, 2011;

2011-038011, filed Feb. 24, 2011;

2011-048787, filed Mar. 7, 2011;

2011-064543, filed Mar. 23, 2011;

2011-102006, filed Apr. 28, 2011;

2011-103604, filed May 6, 2011;

2011-125705, filed Jun. 3, 2011;

2011-132634, filed Jun. 14, 2011;

2011-147934, filed Jul. 4, 2011;

2011-155966, filed Jul. 14, 2011;

2011-166439, filed Jul. 29, 2011;

2011-179815, filed Aug. 19, 2011;

2011-191995, filed Sep. 2, 2011;

2011-207627, filed Sep. 22, 2011;

2011-219638, filed Oct. 3, 2011;

2011-228890, filed Oct. 18, 2011;

2011-243624, filed Nov. 7, 2011;

2011-253267, filed Nov. 18, 2011; and

2011-276160, filed Dec. 16, 2011.

The disclosure of the prior applications is considered part of (and ishereby incorporated by reference in) the disclosure of this application.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a mobile telephone.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, various different mobile telephones have been proposedfor various different objectives. For example, to provide a mobiletelephone permitting clear listening even in the presence of loud noise,there has been proposed a mobile telephone in which a bone conductionspeaker is employed, the mobile telephone being provided with the boneconduction speaker as well as with external auditory meatus stoppagemeans (Patent Document 1). On the other hand, in another proposed methodfor using a bone conduction speaker, a manual operation is used toadjust the pressure of contact between the tragus and a vibratingsurface to be brought into contact with the tragus, whereby the ratio atwhich audio information through cartilage conduction and audioinformation through air conduction are transmitted can be altered inaccordance with the magnitude of outside noise (Patent Document 2). Inyet another proposal, a piezoelectric element is used as a vibrationsource of bone conduction. A further proposal for a mobile telephone isa wireless communication function headset that is wirelesslycommunicatively connected to a communication apparatus capable of audiocommunication via a communication network, the wireless communicationfunction headset permitting audio communication with a party on the linevia the communication apparatus (Patent Document 3). In yet anotherproposal, an eyeglasses-type interface device is provided with an audiounit that includes a bone conduction earphone, a microphone, and adisplay unit for displaying, on a lens, movie information that has beensent to a wireless communication unit from a mobile telephone or thelike (Patent Document 4).

LIST OF CITATIONS Patent Literature

-   [Patent Document 1] JP-A 2003-348208-   [Patent Document 2] JP-B 4541111-   [Patent Document 3] JP-A 2006-86581-   [Patent Document 4] JP-A 2005-352024

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

However, there are many problems relating to mobile telephones thatshould be further studied.

With the foregoing in view, it is an objective of the present inventionto provide a mobile telephone that is more user-friendly.

Solution to Problem

To achieve the objective described above, the mobile telephone disclosedherein is given a configuration provided with, for example, a cartilageconduction unit making contact with at least two corner parts of theupper side of the mobile telephone. The mobile telephone disclosedherein is further given a configuration having, for example, an outerwall surface and a cartilage conduction vibration source arranged inwardfrom the outer wall surface, wherein when the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration source is transmitted to the surface of the outerwall, and the surface of the outer wall is brought into contact with atleast a part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part to theexternal auditory meatus without making contact with the auricularhelix, the sound pressure inside the external auditory meatus at about 1cm from the entrance part of the external auditory meatus has anincrease of at least 10 dB over that in the non-contact state. Themobile telephone disclosed herein is further given a configurationhaving, for example, a telephone function unit; a cartilage conductionvibration source for the cartilage conduction unit; an applicationprocessor for controlling the telephone function unit; a powermanagement unit for supplying a plurality of different voltages to thetelephone function unit; a drive circuit for driving the cartilageconduction vibration source on the basis of power supplied from thepower management unit; and a controller for controlling the powermanagement unit and the drive circuit on the basis of an instructionfrom the application processor; the power management unit, the drivecircuit, and the controller being configured as a single-chip integratedcircuit. The following provides a more detailed description of theremaining elements of the configuration, as modes for carrying out theinvention.

Advantageous Effects of the Invention

According to the present invention, there can be provided a mobiletelephone that is more user-friendly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a first embodiment of a mobiletelephone according to an aspect of the present invention (firstembodiment);

FIGS. 2A and 2B are side views of the first embodiment illustrating thefunctions of the state of right ear use and the state of left ear use;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the operation of a controller in the firstembodiment of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a second embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention (secondembodiment);

FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a third embodiment of a mobiletelephone according to an aspect of the present invention (thirdembodiment);

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a fourth embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention (fourthembodiment);

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the fourth embodiment;

FIGS. 9A and 9B show conceptual block diagrams illustrating the elementsof the configuration pertaining to an earplug bone conduction effect ofthe fourth embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller in the fourthembodiment of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a fifth embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention (fifthembodiment);

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller in the fifthembodiment of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating a sixth embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention, whereFIG. 13A is a front perspective view, FIG. 13B is a rear perspectiveview, and FIG. 13C is a cross-sectional view along the B-B cross-sectionof the rear perspective view of FIG. 13B (sixth embodiment);

FIG. 14 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller in the sixthembodiment of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view illustrating a seventh embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention, whereFIG. 15A is a front view, FIG. 15B is a rear view, and FIG. 15C is anelemental cross-sectional view along the B-B cross-section of the rearperspective view of FIG. 15B (seventh embodiment);

FIG. 16 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller in theseventh embodiment of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view illustrating an eighth embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention, whereFIG. 17A is a front view,

FIG. 17B is a rear view, and FIG. 17C is an elemental cross-sectionalview along the B-B cross-section of the rear perspective view of FIG.17B (eighth embodiment);

FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a ninth embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention, whereFIG. 18A is a front view,

FIG. 18B is a rear view, and FIG. 18C is an elemental cross-sectionalview along the B-B cross-section of the rear perspective view of FIG.18B (ninth embodiment);

FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating a tenth embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention (tenthembodiment);

FIG. 20 is a perspective view illustrating an eleventh embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention(eleventh embodiment);

FIGS. 21A and 21B are side views of the eleventh embodiment illustratingthe functions of the state of right ear use and the state of left earuse;

FIGS. 22A and 22B are perspective views illustrating a twelfthembodiment of a mobile telephone according to an aspect of the presentinvention (twelfth embodiment);

FIG. 23 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller in thetwelfth embodiment of FIG. 22;

FIGS. 24A and 24B are perspective views illustrating a thirteenthembodiment of a mobile telephone according to an aspect of the presentinvention (thirteenth embodiment);

FIGS. 25A and 25B are perspective views illustrating a fourteenthembodiment of a mobile telephone according to an aspect of the presentinvention (fourteenth embodiment);

FIG. 26 is a diagram of the system of a fifteenth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention (fifteenth embodiment);

FIG. 27 is a diagram of the system of a sixteenth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention (sixteenth embodiment);

FIG. 28 is a block diagram of the sixteenth embodiment;

FIG. 29 is a block diagram of a seventeenth embodiment (seventeenthembodiment);

FIG. 30 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller of anincoming/outgoing-talk unit in the seventeenth embodiment of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller of theincoming/outgoing talk unit in an eighteenth embodiment (eighteenthembodiment);

FIG. 32 is a diagram of the system of a nineteenth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention (nineteenth embodiment);

FIG. 33 is a diagram of the system of a twentieth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention (twentieth embodiment);

FIG. 34 is a side view of the elements of a twenty-first embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention (twenty-firstembodiment);

FIG. 35 is a top view of a twenty-second embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention (twenty-second embodiment);

FIG. 36 is a block diagram of a twenty-third embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention (twenty-third embodiment);

FIG. 37 is a diagram of the system of a twenty-fourth embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention (twenty-fourthembodiment);

FIG. 38 is block diagram of a twenty-fifth embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention (twenty-fifth embodiment);

FIGS. 39A and 39B are cross-sectional views of the elements of thetwenty-fifth embodiment;

FIG. 40 is a perspective view illustrating a modification example of thetenth embodiment in FIG. 19;

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a twenty-sixth embodiment according toan aspect of the present invention (twenty-sixth embodiment);

FIG. 42 is a block diagram of the twenty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 41;

FIG. 43 is a flow chart relating to the operation of the controller inthe twenty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 42, and shows step S42 of FIG. 10 inmore detail;

FIGS. 44A and 44B are a perspective view and cross-sectional view of atwenty-eighth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(twenty-eighth embodiment);

FIGS. 45A and 45B are cross-sectional views illustrating a firstmodification example and a second modification example of thetwenty-eighth embodiment;

FIGS. 46A and 46B are cross-sectional views of a third modificationexample and a fourth modification example of the twenty-eighthembodiment;

FIGS. 47A and 47B are perspective views illustrating a twenty-ninthembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, and amodification example thereof (twenty-ninth embodiment);

FIGS. 48A and 48B show a perspective view and a cross-sectional view ofa thirtieth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(thirtieth embodiment);

FIGS. 49A and 49B show a longitudinal cross-sectional view and alatitudinal cross-sectional view of a thirty-first embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention (thirty-first embodiment);

FIGS. 50A and 50B are cross-sectional views illustrating a firstmodification example and a second modification example of thethirty-first embodiment;

FIGS. 51A and 51B are perspective views of a thirty-second embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, configured as apiezoelectric bimorph element adapted for use in the mobile telephone(thirty-second embodiment);

FIGS. 52A and 52B show a transparent perspective view of a thirty-thirdembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, and amodification example thereof (thirty-third embodiment);

FIGS. 53A and 53B show an external perspective view of the thirty-thirdembodiment and the modification example thereof;

FIG. 54 is a transparent perspective view of a thirty-fourth embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention (thirty-fourthembodiment);

FIG. 55 is a transparent perspective view relating to a thirty-fifthembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention (thirty-fifthembodiment);

FIGS. 56A and 56B are transparent perspective views relating to athirty-sixth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(thirty-sixth embodiment);

FIG. 57 is a transparent perspective view relating to a thirty-seventhembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(thirty-seventh embodiment);

FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional block diagram relating a thirty-eighthembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(thirty-eighth embodiment);

FIGS. 59A, 59B and 59C show a back surface transparent view andcross-sectional view illustrating the manner in which a cartilageconduction vibration unit is anchored to the mobile telephone in thethirty-eighth embodiment;

FIG. 60 is a flow chart of the operation of a controller 3439 in thethirty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 58;

FIGS. 61A, 61B, 61C and 61D show a cross-sectional view of athirty-ninth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,and various modification examples thereof (thirty-ninth embodiment);

FIGS. 62A, 62B and 62C show a cross-sectional view and a transparentperspective view of the elements of a fortieth embodiment according toan aspect of the present invention as well as various modificationexamples thereof (fortieth embodiment);

FIGS. 63A and 63B are cross-sectional views of a forty-first embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention (forty-firstembodiment);

FIGS. 64A, 64B, 64C and 64D are cross-sectional views of variousmodification examples of the forty-first embodiment;

FIGS. 65A, 65B, 65C and 65D are cross-sectional views relating to aforty-second embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(forty-second embodiment);

FIGS. 66A, 66B, 66C and 66D are cross-sectional views relating to aforty-third embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(forty-third embodiment)

FIGS. 67A, 67B1, 67B2 and 67C are cross-sectional views relating to aforty-fourth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(forty-fourth embodiment);

FIGS. 68A and 68B are cross-sectional views relating to a forty-fifthembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention (forty-fifthembodiment);

FIGS. 69A, 69B and 69C show a perspective view and a cross-sectionalview relating to a forty-sixth embodiment according to an aspect of thepresent invention (forty-sixth embodiment);

FIGS. 70A and 70B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional viewrelating to a forty-seventh embodiment according to an aspect of thepresent invention (forty-seventh embodiment);

FIGS. 71A, 71B and 71C are a perspective view and a cross-sectional viewrelating to a modification example of the forty-sixth embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention

FIGS. 72A, 72B, 72C, 72D and 72E show a perspective and cross-sectionalviews relating to a forty-eighth embodiment according to an aspect ofthe present invention (forty-eighth embodiment);

FIGS. 73A and 73B show enlarged cross-sectional views of the elements ofthe forty-eighth embodiment and a modification example thereof;

FIGS. 74A, 74B, 74C, 74D and 74E show perspective and cross-sectionalviews relating to a forty-ninth embodiment according to an aspect of thepresent invention, and a modification example thereof (forty-ninthembodiment);

FIG. 75 is a block diagram combining a partial cross-sectional viewrelating to a fiftieth embodiment according to an aspect of the presentinvention (fiftieth embodiment);

FIG. 76 is a block diagram combining a partial cross-sectional viewrelating to a fifty-first embodiment according to an aspect of thepresent invention (fifty-first embodiment);

FIG. 77 is a cross-sectional view and interior block diagram relating toa fifty-second embodiment according to an aspect of the presentinvention (fifty-second embodiment);

FIGS. 78A, 78B and 78C show perspective and cross-sectional viewsrelating to the fifty-second embodiment of FIG. 77;

FIG. 79 is a graph illustrating an example of measurement data of themobile telephone configured on the basis of the forty-sixth embodimentof FIG. 69;

FIGS. 80A and 80B are a side view and a cross-sectional view of an ear,intended to illustrate the relationship between the detailed structureof the ear and the mobile telephone of the present invention;

FIG. 81 is a block diagram of a fifty-third embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention (fifty-third embodiment);

FIG. 82 is a block diagram of a fifty-fourth embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention (fifty-fourth embodiment);

FIGS. 83A, 83B and 83C show perspective and cross-sectional views of afifty-fifth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(fifty-fourth embodiment);

FIG. 84 is a block diagram of the fifty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 83;

FIGS. 85A and 85B are side views intended to describe the distributionof vibration energy in a mobile telephone in the fifty-fifth embodimentof FIG. 83;

FIGS. 86A, 86B and 86C show perspective and cross-sectional views of afifty-sixth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(fifty-sixth embodiment);

FIG. 87 is a block diagram of a fifty-seventh embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention (fifty-seventh embodiment);

FIGS. 88A, 88B and 88C show perspective and cross-sectional views of afifty-eight embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(fifty-eight embodiment);

FIGS. 89A, 89B and 89C show perspective and cross-sectional views of afifty-ninth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(fifty-ninth embodiment);

FIGS. 90A, 89B and 90C show perspective and cross-sectional views of asixtieth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(sixtieth embodiment);

FIGS. 91A, 91B and 91C show perspective and cross-sectional views of asixty-first embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention(sixty-first embodiment)

SOLUTION TO PROBLEM

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a first embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. InFIG. 1, a mobile telephone 1 comprises an upper part 7 having a displayunit 5 or the like, and a lower part 11 having a keypad or otheroperation unit 9 and a microphone or other outgoing-talk unit 23 forpicking up audio uttered from the mouth of an operator, and isconfigured such that the upper part 7 can be folded onto the lower part11 by a hinge unit 3. An earphone or other incoming-talk unit 13 fortransmitting audio to an ear of the operator is provided to the upperunit 7, and together with the outgoing-talk unit 23 of the lower part 11constitutes a telephone function unit. A videoconferencing internalcamera 17, which is able to photograph the face of an operator lookingat the display unit 5 in a case in which the mobile telephone 1 is to beused as a video phone and which is also used when a self-portrait istaken, is also arranged on the upper part 7. The upper part 7 is furtherprovided with a pair of infrared light emitting units 19, 20constituting a proximity sensor for detecting that the mobile telephone1 is abutting an ear for purposes of a call, and with a shared infraredlight proximity sensor 21 for receiving infrared light reflected fromthe ear. Although not shown in FIG. 1, a backside camera is provided tothe backside of the upper part 7, and the camera is able to capture animage of a subject that is on the backside of the mobile telephone 1 andis being monitored with the display unit 5.

The upper part 7 is further provided with a right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and a left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26, which comprise a piezoelectricbimorph element or the like for contacting the tragus, at the uppercorner of the inside (the side that touches the ear). The right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 are constituted so as not toprotrude from the outer wall of the mobile telephone and hinder thedesign, but are provided to the corners of the outer wall of the mobiletelephone whereby contact is effectively made with the tragus. It isthereby possible both to listen to the audio from the incoming-talk unit13, and to listen by bone conduction from the cartilage of the tragus.Also, as has been disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2,the tragus is known to receive the greatest auditory sensation among themastoid process of the ear, the cartilage surface of the rear of theopening of the outer ear, the tragus, the sideburn part, and all theother constituents of the ear cartilage; and is known to have a greaterelevation in the bass register than other locations when pressure isincreased by pushing. This knowledge is described in detail in PatentDocument 2, for which reference can accordingly be made thereto.

The mobile telephone 1 rotates slightly clockwise when brought upagainst the right ear in FIG. 1, and takes on a downward-right state inFIG. 1. Providing the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24to the lower angle of incline of the upper end of the ear side of such amobile telephone makes it possible to naturally bring the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 in contact with the tragus of theright ear without causing the vibration unit to protrude from the outerwall of the mobile telephone. This state is a posture approximating thenormal state of a telephone call, and is awkward for neither the personmaking the telephone call nor any onlookers. Because the incoming-talkunit 13 is in the vicinity of the right-ear cartilage-conductionvibration unit 24, audio information through the tragus cartilage andaudio information through the external auditory meatus will both betransmitted to the ear. At this time, because the same audio informationwill be transmitted by different sound-generating pairs and pathways,the phasing between the two is adjusted so as to prevent the same fromcanceling each other out.

On the other hand, the mobile telephone 1 rotates slightlycounter-clockwise when brought up against the left ear in FIG. 1, andtakes on a downward-left state in FIG. 1. The state becoming such thatthe left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 is provided to thelower angle of incline of the upper end of the ear side of the mobiletelephone, it is possible to naturally bring the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 into contact with the tragus ofthe left ear, as is the case with the right ear. Because this state is aposture approximating the normal state of a telephone call, and becausethe incoming-talk unit 13 is in the vicinity of the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 and both audio informationthrough the tragus cartilage and audio information through the externalauditory meatus are transmitted to the ear, the fact that the phasingbetween the two is adjusted is similar to the case of the right ear.

Because the pair of infrared light emitting units 19, 20 in theabove-described proximity sensor emit light alternating in timedivision, the shared infrared light proximity sensor 21 is able toidentify from which light-emitting unit the reflective light coming fromthe infrared light has been received, and is thereby able to judge whichof the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 has been brought up against thetragus. It is thereby possible to determine at which ear the mobiletelephone 1 is being used, and to cause the vibration unit of the sideagainst which the tragus abuts to vibrate and to turn off the other one.However, because of the individual variations regarding up to which earthe mobile telephone 1 is brought and regarding the shape of the ear,the first embodiment is configured such that, as will be describedlater, an acceleration sensor is further housed, the direction in whichthe mobile telephone 1 is inclined being detected by the gravitationalacceleration detected by the acceleration sensor, and the vibration uniton the side at the lower angle of incline is made to vibrate while theother is turned off. The aforementioned right ear use and left ear usewill again be described, using the drawings adapted to the respectivemodes of use.

The upper part 7 is further provided with an environment-noisemicrophone 38, which is arranged on the outside (the back surface notbrought up against the ear) so as to pick up environment noise, andwhich is implemented as means for preventing conduction of the vibrationof the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26. The environment-noise microphone38 further picks up audio uttered from the mouth of the operator. Theenvironment noise picked up by the environment-noise microphone 38 andthe operator's own voice, upon undergoing wavelength inversion, aremixed into the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and theleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26; the environment noiseand the operator's own voice, which are contained in the audioinformation through the incoming-talk unit 13, are canceled tofacilitate listening comprehension of the party on the line. A moredetailed description of this function will be provided later.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the mobile telephone 1 illustrating thefunctions of the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 andleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26; FIG. 2A illustrates astate in which the mobile telephone 1 is held in the right hand andbrought up against the right ear 28. On the other hand, FIG. 2Billustrates a state in which the mobile telephone 1 is held in the lefthand and brought up against the left ear 30. FIG. 2A is a drawing viewedfrom the right side of the face, and FIG. 2B is a drawing viewed fromthe left side of the face; therefore, each show the back surface of themobile telephone 1 (the reverse side of FIG. 1). The mobile telephone 1is indicated by dashed lines, in order to depict the relationshipbetween the mobile telephone 1 and the right ear 28 and left ear 30.

As illustrated in FIG. 2A, the mobile telephone 1 is inclined slightlycounterclockwise (the relationship of the reverse surface with FIG. 1)in FIG. 2 when the same is brought up against the right ear 28, andtakes on a diagonally downward-left state in FIG. 2. Because theright-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 is provided to thelower angle of incline of the upper end of the ear side of such a mobiletelephone, the same can naturally be brought into contact with thetragus 32 of the right ear 28. As has already been described, this stateis a posture approximating the normal state of a telephone call, and isawkward neither to the person making the telephone call nor toonlookers. On the other hand, as illustrated in FIG. 2B, the mobiletelephone 1 is inclined slightly clockwise (the relationship of thereverse side with FIG. 1) in FIG. 2 when the same is brought up againstthe left ear 30, and takes on a diagonally downward-right state in FIG.2. Because the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 isprovided to the lower angle of incline of the upper end of the ear sideof such a mobile telephone, the same can naturally be brought intocontact with the tragus 34 of the left ear 30. This state as well, as isthe case with the right ear 28, is a posture approximating the normalstate of a telephone call, and is awkward neither to the person makingthe telephone call nor to onlookers.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the first embodiment, the same portionsbeing given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1, and a descriptionhaving been omitted unless necessary. The mobile telephone 1 iscontrolled by a controller 39, which operates in accordance with aprogram stored in a memory unit 37. The memory unit 37 is further ableto temporarily store data needed for the control of the controller 39and also to store various measurement data and/or images. The displayunit 5 displays on the basis of the control of the controller 39 and onthe basis of display data held by a display driver 41. The display unit5 has a display backlight 43, the controller 39 adjusting the brightnessthereof on the basis of the brightness of the surroundings.

A telephone function unit 45, which includes the incoming-talk unit 13and the outgoing-talk unit 23, is capable of connecting with a wirelesstelephone line using a telephone communication unit 47, which is underthe control of the controller 39. A speaker 51 provides ring alerts andvarious types of guidance by the control of the controller 39, and alsooutputs the other party's voice during a videoconferencing function. Theaudio output of the speaker 51 is not to be outputted from the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26, because it is not possible tobring a cartilage conduction vibration unit up against the ear during avideoconferencing function. An image processing unit 53 is controlledwith the controller 39 and processes an image photographed by avideoconferencing function internal camera 17 and a backside main camera55, and inputs the image resulting from the processing into the memoryunit 37. As described above, the pair of infrared light emitting units19, 20 in the proximity sensor emit light alternating in time divisionon the basis of the control of the controller 39. Accordingly, thereflected infrared light inputted into the controller 39 by the sharedinfrared light proximity sensor 21 allows for identification ofreflected light by the infrared light from either light-emitting unit.When reflected light is detected from both the infrared light emittingunits 19, 20, the controller 39 runs a cross comparison to determinewhich of the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 andleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 has been brought upagainst the tragus. Further, the acceleration sensor 49 detects theorientation of the detected gravitational acceleration. The controller39 determines, on the basis of the detection signal, whether the mobiletelephone 1 is inclined in the state of FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B; as has beendescribed with FIG. 2, the vibration unit on the side at the lower angleof incline is made to vibrate and the other is turned off.

The mobile telephone 1 further possesses a phase adjustment mixer unit36 for running phase adjustment for the audio information from thecontroller 39 and for transmitting to the right-ear cartilage-conductionvibration unit 24 and left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26.More specifically, the phase adjustment mixer unit 36 uses the audioinformation transmitted to the incoming-talk unit 13 from the controller39 as a benchmark to run phase adjustment for the audio information fromthe controller 39 and transmits to the right-ear cartilage-conductionvibration unit 24 and left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26,in order to prevent the mutual canceling out of the audio informationgenerated from the incoming-talk unit 13 and transmitted via thetympanic membrane from the external auditory meatus and of the sameaudio information generated from either the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 or left-ear cartilage-conductionvibration unit 26 and transmitted via the cartilage of the tragus. Thephase adjustment is a relative adjustment between the incoming-talk unit13 and the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26, and therefore the configurationmay be such that the audio information transmitted from the controller39 to the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 is used as a benchmark foradjusting the phase of the audio information transmitted from thecontroller 39 to the incoming-talk unit 13. In this case, the audioinformation to the speaker 51 is also adjusted in the same phase as theaudio information to the incoming-talk unit 13.

In addition to having the first function described above of preventingthe mutual canceling out of the audio information from the incoming-talkunit 13 and the identical audio information from the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 or the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26, the phase adjustment mixer unit36 also has a second function through collaboration with theenvironment-noise microphone 38. In this second function, theenvironment noise picked up by the environment-noise microphone 38 andthe operator's own voice, upon undergoing wavelength inversion by thephase adjustment mixer unit 36, are mixed into the audio information ofthe right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 or the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26; the environment noise and theoperator's own voice, which are contained in the audio informationthrough the incoming-talk unit 13, are thereby canceled to facilitatelistening comprehension of the audio information of the party on theline. At this time, the mixing is done also taking into considerationthe phase adjustment that is based on the first function, so as toeffectively cancel out the environment noise and the operator's ownvoice regardless of the different transmission routes of the audioinformation from the incoming-talk unit 13 and the audio informationfrom either the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 or theleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the operation of the controller 39 in the firstembodiment of FIG. 2. To provide a description primarily of the functionof the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26, the flow of FIG. 4 illustratesan abstraction of the operation, focusing on related functions; thecontroller 39 also contains typical mobile telephone functions and otheroperations not represented in the flow of FIG. 4. The flow of FIG. 4begins when a main power source is turned on by the operation unit 9 ofthe mobile telephone 1; and in step S2 an initial startup and a check ofeach unit function are performed and a screen display on the displayunit 5 is started. Next, in step S4, the functions of the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and left-ear cartilage-conductionvibration unit 26 are turned on to proceed on to step S6. Step S6 is acheck of the presence or absence of an e-mail operation and/or Internetoperation, as well as other operations in which radio operations are notused, such as various settings and also downloaded games (whichhereinafter are collectively referred as “non-call operations”). In thecase of these operations, execution proceeds on to step S8 for non-callprocessing, and then arrives at step S10. However, the function innon-call operations is not assumed to be a function of the incoming-talkunit 13 and/or the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 andleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 in the upper part 7 ofthe mobile telephone 1 that is performed brought up against the ear. Onthe other hand, step S6 proceeds directly on to step S10 when nonon-call operations are detected.

In step S10, there is performed a check for whether or not there is anincoming call by mobile radio waves. A case of no incoming call proceedson to step S12; there is performed a check for whether or not there hasbeen a response from the other party to a call request from the mobiletelephone 1. A case in which a response is detected proceeds on to stepS14. On the other hand, a case in which it is detected by mobile radiowaves in step S10 that there is an incoming call moves on to step S16,in which there is performed a check for whether the mobile telephone 1is open; i.e., a check for whether the upper part 7 has gone from astate of being folded over the lower part 11 to an opened state as inFIG. 1. A case in which it is not possible to detect that the mobiletelephone 1 is open returns to step S10; thereafter, step S10 and stepS16 are repeated and the flow pauses for the mobile telephone 1 to beopen. However, when, during this repetition, the incoming call isterminated while the mobile telephone 1 remains unopened, the flow movesfrom step S10 to step S12. On the other hand, a case in which it hasbeen detected in step S16 that the mobile telephone 1 is open proceedsto step S14. In step S14, the outgoing-talk unit 23 and theincoming-talk unit 13 are turned on to move on to step S18. In step S18,there is a check whether or not the call is a videoconferencingfunction, the flow moving on to step S20 when the call is not avideoconferencing function; at this point in time, there is aconfirmation of whether or not the call is cut off, the flow moving onto step S22 when the call is not cut off.

In step S22, there is performed a check for whether or not the infraredlight proximity sensor 21 detects contact with an ear, and the flowproceeds to step S24 when no contact is detected. On the other hand, instep S22 the flow returns to step S14 when the infrared light proximitysensor 21 does not detect contact with an ear; as follows, step S14 andfrom step S18 to S22 are repeated and detection by the proximity sensorin step S22 is awaited. In step S24, there is performed a check forwhether an incline of the right ear call state has occurred asillustrated in FIG. 2A, on the basis of the detection signal of theacceleration sensor 49. In a case in which this is true, the flowproceeds to step S26; the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit24 is turned on, and the flow moves on to step S28. On the other hand,in a case in which it cannot be detected in step S24 that the incline ofthe right ear call state has occurred, the flow proceeds on to step S30after the detection signal of the acceleration sensor 49 signifies thatthe left ear call state as illustrated in FIG. 2B has been detected; theleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 is turned on, and theflow moves on to step S28.

In the above description of FIG. 4, the flow is described as proceedingon to step S24 regardless of whether the infrared reflected lightdetected by the infrared light proximity sensor 21 comes from theinfrared light emitting unit 19 or 20, and in step S24 the signal of theacceleration sensor 49 is used to detect whether or not the incline isin the right ear call state. However, because the infrared lightproximity sensor 21 can also be used to detect whether or not theincline is in the right ear call state, the configuration may be suchthat, instead of the signal of the acceleration sensor 49 in step S24,the incline is judged to be in the right ear call state when the outputof the infrared light proximity sensor 21 in the light-emitting timingof the infrared light emitting unit 19 is greater than that in thelight-emitting timing of the infrared light emitting unit 20. Also, theconfiguration in step S24 may be such that the judgment of whether ornot the incline is in the right ear call state is made together with thesignal of the acceleration sensor 49 and the results of a comparison ofthe outputs of the infrared light proximity sensor 21 in thelight-emitting timings of the infrared light emitting units 19, 20.

In step S28, there is performed a check for whether or not the callstate has been cut off, the flow returning to step S24 when the call hasnot been cut off; as follows, step S24 to step S30 are repeated until acall interruption is detected in step S28. Support is thereby providedfor switching the hand holding the mobile telephone 1 during a call,between the right ear call state and the left ear call state. On theother hand, in a case in which a call interruption is detected in stepS28, the flow moves on to step S32, in which either the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 or the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 that is in an on state, as wellas the incoming-talk unit 13 and the outgoing-talk unit 23, are turnedon, and the flow then moves on to step S34. On the other hand, in a casein which a call request response has been detected in step S12, the flowmoves directly on to step S34. In a case in which there is detected tobe a videoconferencing function in step S18, the flow moves on to thevideoconferencing function processing of step S36. The videoconferencingfunction processing involves imaging one's face using thevideoconferencing function internal camera 17, outputting the voice ofthe other party using the speaker 51, switching the sensitivity of theoutgoing-talk unit 23, displaying the face of the other party on thedisplay unit 5, or the like. Once such videoconferencing functionprocessing has concluded, the flow proceeds to step S38, which turns offthe speaker 51, the incoming-talk unit 13, and the outgoing-talk unit23, whereupon the flow moves on to step S34. In a case in which a callinterruption is detected in step S20, the flow also moves on to stepS38, but since the speaker 51 is not originally turned on at that time,the incoming-talk unit 13 and the outgoing-talk unit 23 are turned offand the flow moves on to step S34.

In step S34, there is a check for the presence or absence of anoperation to turn off the primary power source; the flow is terminatedwhen there is a turning-off operation. On the other hand, when there isno detection of an operation to turn off the primary power source instep S34, the flow returns to step S6, whereupon steps S6 to step S38are repeated. As described above, the right-ear cartilage-conductionvibration unit 24 or the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26will not be turned on when the mobile telephone 1 is not open, when themobile telephone 1 is not in the call state, when the call state isenabled but is a videoconferencing function, or when an ordinary callstate is enabled but the mobile telephone 1 is not brought up againstthe ear. Once the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 orthe left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 is in the on state,then as long as a call interruption is not detected, it will not beturned off except when on/off switching of the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 or the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 is performed.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 5 is a perspective view depicting a second embodiment of the mobiletelephone according to an aspect of the present invention. Structurallythere is much in common in the second embodiment, and so correspondingportions have been given like reference numerals as in the firstembodiment, and a description has been omitted. The mobile telephone 101of the second embodiment has an integrated type with no movable parts,rather than a folding one separated into an upper part and a bottompart. Accordingly, the “upper part” in such a case does not signify aseparated upper part but rather signifies the portion at the top of theintegrated structure.

In the second embodiment, the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibrationunit 24 and the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 assume aform of being constantly exposed on the outer wall of the mobiletelephone 101, whereas in the first embodiment, the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 assume a form of being housedwhile sandwiched between the upper part 7 and the lower part 11 when themobile telephone 1 is folded shut. The essential points of the internalstructure of FIG. 3 and the flowchart of FIG. 4 can be applied to thesecond embodiment as well. Regarding the above-described structuraldifferences, step S16 of the flowchart of FIG. 4 is left out; in a casein which an incoming telephone call is confirmed in step S10, the flowmoves directly on to step S14.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a third embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention.Structurally there is much in common in the third embodiment, and socorresponding portions have been given like reference numerals as in thefirst embodiment, and a description has been omitted. The mobiletelephone 201 of the third embodiment has a structure in which the upperpart 107 is able to slide relative to the lower part 111. In thestructure of the third embodiment, the up-down relationship is lost inthe state in which the upper part 107 is placed on top of the lower part111, but the “upper part” in the third embodiment signifies the portionthat comes up when the mobile telephone 201 is extended.

In the third embodiment, full functionality is available in the state inwhich, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the upper part 107 is extended toexpose the operation unit 9, and also basic functionality, such asresponding to incoming calls and/or participating in a call, is alsoavailable in a case in which the upper part 107 is placed on top of thelower part 111 and the operation unit 9 is concealed. In the thirdembodiment as well, the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24and the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 assume a form ofbeing constantly exposed on the outer wall of the mobile telephone 201in both the state in which, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the mobiletelephone 201 is extended, and the state in which the upper part 107 isplaced on top of the lower part 111. The essential points of theinternal structure of FIG. 3 and the flowchart of FIG. 4 can be appliedto the third embodiment as well. However, as described above, the thirdembodiment allows calls to take place even when the upper part 107 isplaced on top of the lower part 111, and therefore, similarly withrespect to the second embodiment, step S16 of the flowchart in FIG. 4 isleft out; in a case in which an incoming call is confirmed in step S10the flow moves directly on to step S14.

The implementation of the variety of features of the present inventionas described above is not to be limited to the above embodiments; theycan be implemented in other aspects as well. For example, because theabove embodiments support both right ear usage and left ear usage fromchanging hands and/or changing users, although the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 have been provided, the cartilageconduction vibration unit may be singular in a case that assumes usageof only the right ear or of only the left ear for cartilage conduction.

Also, although the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 andthe left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 have originally beenprovided with the assumption that each would abut the tragus of theright ear and the tragus of the left ear, respectively, cartilageconduction is also possible in an ear cartilage constituent other thanthe tragus, such as the mastoid process or the cartilage surface of therear of the opening of the outer ear, as has been disclosed in PatentDocument 2; therefore, both the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibrationunit 24 and the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 may beused when, for example, the right ear is used, by simultaneously pushingagainst appropriate points on the right ear cartilage. In this sense,the two cartilage conduction vibration units 24, 26 need not be limitedto right ear usage and left ear usage. Both are turned on at the sametime in such a case, instead of only turning on either one of the twocartilage conduction vibration units 24, 26, as in the embodiments.

Further, although the incoming-talk unit 13 and the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and left-ear cartilage-conductionvibration unit 26 are to be turned on at the same time in theembodiments above, the configuration may be such that the incoming-talkunit 13 is to be turned off when either the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 or the left ear cartilageconduction unit 26 is turned on. In such a case, there is no longer aneed for phase adjustment of the audio information.

Fourth Embodiment

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a fourth embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention.Structurally there is much in common in the fourth embodiment;therefore, corresponding portions have been given like referencenumerals as in the first embodiment, and a description has been omitted.A mobile telephone 301 of the fourth embodiment has an integrated typewith no movable parts, rather than a folding one separated into an upperpart and a bottom part, similarly with respect to the second embodiment.Also, this embodiment is configured as a “smartphone,” which has alarge-screen display unit 205 provided with graphical user interface(GUI) functionality. In the fourth embodiment as well, “upper part” doesnot signify a separated upper part but rather signifies the portion atthe top of the integrated structure. However, in the fourth embodiment,a keypad or other operation unit 209 is displayed on the large-screendisplay unit 205, and the GUI is operated in accordance with how afinger is touched and/or swiped relative to the large-screen displayunit 205.

The cartilage conduction vibration functionality in the fourthembodiment is assigned to a cartilage conduction vibration unit, whichhas a vibration conductor 227 and a cartilage conduction vibrationsource 225, comprising a piezoelectric bimorph or the like. Thecartilage conduction vibration source 225 is arranged to be in contactwith the lower part of the vibration conductor 227, the vibrationthereof being conducted to the vibration conductor 227. The cartilageconduction vibration source 225 is constituted so as not to protrudefrom the outer wall of the mobile telephone (front view shown in FIG. 7)and hinder the design, similarly with respect to the first to thirdembodiments, but the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 225 is transmitted laterally by the vibration conductor 227,causing the two ends 224 and 226 thereof to vibrate. The two ends 224and 226 of the vibration conductor 227 are located on the inner angle ofthe top part 7 of the mobile telephone 301, which is in contact with thetragus, and therefore, similarly with respect to the first to thirdembodiments, effectively come into contact with the tragus withoutprotruding from the outer wall of the mobile telephone. In this manner,the right end part 224 and left end part 226 of the vibration conductor227 respectively constitute the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibrationunit 24 and left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 mentioned inthe first embodiment.

However, because the vibration conductor 227 does not vibrate only atthe right end 224 and left end 226 thereof but vibrates as a whole, itis possible in the fourth embodiment to transmit audio informationregardless of where on the top inner edge of the mobile telephone 301contact with the ear cartilage is made. Because the vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source 225 is guided to a desiredlocation by the vibration conductor 227, and no requirement is made thatthe cartilage conduction vibration source 225 itself be arranged on theouter wall of the mobile telephone 301, the configuration of such acartilage conduction vibration unit is advantageous in that a greateramount of freedom is provided for the layout and in that the cartilageconduction vibration unit can be installed on a mobile telephone lackingany available extra space.

The fourth embodiment adds two further functionalities. However, thesefunctionalities are not specific to the fourth embodiment, and can beapplied to the first to third embodiments as well. One of the additionalfunctionalities serves to prevent accidental operation of the cartilageconduction vibration unit. All of the first to fourth embodiments detectwhen the mobile telephone is brought up against an ear using theinfrared light emitting units 19, 20 and the infrared light proximitysensor 21; however, in the first embodiment, for example, there is aconcern that the proximity sensor will detect a case in which the insideof the mobile telephone 1 is lowered and placed on a desk or the like,and will accordingly falsely confirm that the mobile telephone 1 hasbeen brought up against an ear, proceeding from step S22 of the flow ofFIG. 4 to step S24. Because the same is not also true for the incline ofthe right ear call state detected in step S24, there is a possibilitythat the flow will proceed to step S30 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 will erroneously be turned on.The vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration unit results in acomparatively large amount of energy, so vibration noise may be createdwith the desk when such mistaken operation occurs. To prevent this, thefourth embodiment is configured such that a horizontal stationary stateis detected using the acceleration sensor 49, and, when applicable, thecartilage conduction vibration source 225 is prohibited from vibrating.This point will be described in greater detail later.

Next, a description will be provided for the second additionalfunctionality in the fourth embodiment. In each of the embodiments ofthe present invention, audio information is transmitted by having eitherthe right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 or the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 (in the fourth embodiment, theright end part 224 or left end part 226 of the vibration conductor 227)brought into contact with the tragus of the right ear or left ear;however, the contact pressure can be increased to obstruct the hole ofthe ear with the tragus, thereby creating an earplug bone conductioneffect and conducting the audio information at an even higher volume.Further, because environment noise is blocked by the obstruction of theear hole with the tragus, use in such a state achieves a listeningstatus with dual effects, in which unnecessary environment noise isreduced and necessary audio information is increased; and isappropriate, for example, for calls to take place noisy environments orother situation. When the earplug bone conduction effect occurs, one'sown voice becomes louder due to bone conduction from the vocal cords,and there is also a discomfort from the resulting imbalance in left andright auditory sensation. To ease the discomfort of one's own voiceduring the occurrence of such an earplug bone conduction effect, thefourth embodiment is configured such that the information of one's ownvoice picked up from the outgoing-talk unit 23 is subjected to phaseinversion and transmitted to the cartilage conduction vibration source225, canceling out the sound of one's own voice. This point will bedescribed in greater detail later.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the fourth embodiment, in which the samereference numerals are assigned to the same parts from FIG. 7. Also,because there are many portions in common with the first to thirdembodiments, corresponding portions are each assigned these samereference numerals. A description has been omitted for these identicalor shared portions, unless there is a particular need. Although thetelephone function unit 45 is illustrated in somewhat greater detail inthe fourth embodiment, the configuration is shared among the first tothird embodiments. More specifically, the incoming-talk-processing unit212 and the earphone 213 of FIG. 8 correspond to the incoming-talk unit13 in FIG. 3, and the outgoing-talk-processing unit 222 and themicrophone 223 in FIG. 8 correspond to the outgoing-talk unit 23 in FIG.3. On the other hand, the cartilage conduction vibration source 225 andthe vibration conductor 227 in FIG. 7 are depicted together in FIG. 8 asthe cartilage conduction vibration unit 228. Theoutgoing-talk-processing unit 222 transmits a part of the audio from theoperator picked up by the microphone 223 to the incoming-talk-processingunit 212 as a sidetone, and the incoming-talk-processing unit 212superimposes the operator's own sidetone onto the voice of the callingparty from the telephone communication unit 47 and outputs same to theearphone 213, whereby the balance between the bone conduction and airconduction of one's own voice in the state in which the mobile telephone301 is brought up against an ear is made to approximate a natural state.

The outgoing-talk-processing unit 222 further outputs a part of theaudio from the operator picked up by the microphone 223 to an acousticsadjustment unit 238. The acoustics adjustment unit 238 adjusts theacoustics of one's own voice, which are to be outputted from thecartilage conduction vibration unit 228 and transmitted to the cochlea,to acoustics approximating the operator's own voice transmitted to thecochlea by internal body conduction from the vocal cords during theoccurrence of the earplug bone conduction effect; and effectivelycancels out both. Also, a waveform inverter 240 subjects one's ownvoice, the acoustics of which have been adjusted in this manner, towaveform inversion, and outputs same to the phase adjustment mixer unit236. When the pressure detected by a pressure sensor 242 is at or abovea predetermined range and the state corresponds to one in which the earhole is obstructed at the tragus by the mobile telephone 301, the phaseadjustment mixer unit 236 mixes the output from the waveform inverter240 according to an instruction from the controller 239 and drives thecartilage conduction vibration unit 228. The excessive amount of one'sown voice that occurs during the earplug bone conduction effect isthereby cancelled out, thus easing the discomfort. At this time, thedegree of cancellation is regulated such that an amount of one's ownvoice equivalent to the sidetone remains without being cancelled out. Onthe other hand, a case in which the pressure detected by the pressuresensor 242 is lower than the predetermined level corresponds to a statein which the ear hole is not obstructed at the tragus and the earplugbone conduction effect does not occur; therefore, the phase adjustmentmixer unit 236 will not mix the wavelength inversion output of one's ownvoice from the waveform inverter 240, on the basis of the instruction ofthe controller 239. However, the configuration may reverse the positionsof the acoustics adjustment unit 238 and the waveform inverter 240 inFIG. 8. Moreover, the acoustics adjustment unit 238 and the waveforminverter 240 may be integrated as a function within the phase adjustmentmixer unit 236.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating the elements of thestate in which the mobile telephone 301 is brought up against the tragusof the right ear in the fourth embodiment, and provides a description ofhow one's own voice is cancelled out during the occurrence of theearplug bone conduction effect. FIG. 9 also depicts a particularembodiment of the pressure sensor 242; the configuration assumes thatthe cartilage conduction vibration unit 225 is a piezoelectric bimorphelement. Equivalent parts have been given like reference numerals as inFIGS. 7 and 8, and a description has been omitted unless there is aparticular need.

FIG. 9A illustrates the state in which the mobile telephone 301 isbrought up against the tragus 32 to such an extent that the tragus 32does not obstruct the ear hole 232. In such a state, the phaseadjustment mixer unit 236 drives the cartilage conduction vibration unit225 on the basis of the audio information of the calling party from theincoming-talk-processing unit 212. The pressure sensor 242 is configuredso as to monitor a signal appearing on a signal line linking thecartilage conduction vibration unit 225 to the phase adjustment mixerunit 236, and detects signal variations that are based on strain to thecartilage conduction vibration unit (a piezoelectric bimorph element)225 that is applied depending on the pressure on the vibration conductor227. Thus, when the cartilage conduction vibration unit 225 fortransmitting audio information by being brought into contact with thetragus 32 comprises a piezoelectric bimorph element, the piezoelectricbimorph element can be made to also serve as a pressure sensor fordetecting the pressure on the tragus 32. The pressure sensor 242 furthermonitors a signal appearing on a signal line linking theincoming-talk-processing unit 212 to the phase adjustment mixer unit236. The signal appearing therein is not affected by the pressure on thetragus 32 and can therefore be utilized as a reference signal fordetermining the pressure.

In FIG. 9A, as described above, the tragus 32 is in a state that doesnot obstruct the ear hole 232, and the pressure sensor 242 determinesthat the pressure is small; therefore, on the basis of thisdetermination, the controller 239 instructs the phase adjustment mixerunit 236 not to mix one's own waveform-inverted voice from the waveforminverter 240 into the cartilage conduction vibration unit 225. On theother hand, FIG. 9B illustrates the state in which the mobile telephone301 presses more strongly on the tragus 32 in the direction of arrow 302and the tragus 32 obstructs the ear hole 232. This state generates theearplug bone conduction effect. The pressure sensor 242 determines thatthe ear hole 232 has been obstructed on the basis of a detection of anincrease to or above a predetermined pressure, and, on the basis of thisdetermination, the controller 239 instructs the phase adjustment mixerunit 236 to mix one's own waveform-inverted voice from the waveforminverter 240 into the cartilage conduction vibration unit 225. Thediscomfort of one's own voice during the occurrence of the earplug boneconduction effect is eased as described above. Conversely, when areduction at or above a predetermined pressure from the state in FIG. 9Bis detected by the pressure sensor 242, the state is determined to beone in which, as in FIG. 9A, the ear hole 232 is not obstructed, and themixing of one's own waveform-inverted voice is discontinued. However,the pressure sensor 242 determines that there has been a transitionbetween the states of FIGS. 9A and 9B on the basis of the absoluteamount of pressure and the directionality of the pressure change.However, in a state of silence in which neither party speaks, thepressure sensor 242 detects the pressure by directly applying a pressuremonitor signal, which is inaudible by ear, to the direct bone conductionvibration unit 225.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller 239 in thefourth embodiment of FIG. 8. However, because the flow of FIG. 10 hasmany points in common with the flow of the first embodiment in FIG. 4,corresponding parts have been given like step numerals, and adescription has been omitted unless needed. FIG. 10 also illustrates anabstraction of the operation that focuses on related functions, in orderto primarily provide a description of the function of the cartilageconduction vibration unit 228. Accordingly, similarly with respect tothe case in FIG. 4, the controller 239 also contains typical mobiletelephone functions and other operations not represented by the flow ofFIG. 10. FIG. 10 uses boldface print to illustrate points of differencewith FIG. 4, and thus the following description focuses on theseportions.

Step S42 integrates step S6 and step S8 of FIG. 4, and is thereforeillustrated such that the non-call processing of step S42 includes thecase of directly proceeding to the next step without any non-calloperation, but the content thereof is identical to step S6 and step S8in FIG. 4. Step S44 integrates step S10 and step S12 of FIG. 4, and istherefore illustrated as a step for checking the presence or absence ofa call state between two parties regardless of whether the call isincoming from the other party or is outgoing from oneself, but thecontent thereof is identical to step S6 and step S8 in FIG. 4. However,the fourth embodiment does not contain a step that would correspond tostep S16 in FIG. 4, because the configuration is not such that themobile telephone 301 is opened or closed.

Step S46 relates to the first addition function in the fourth embodimentand therefore checks for whether the mobile telephone 301 has left thehand-held state and remained stationary in a horizontal state for apredetermined period of time (for example, 0.5 seconds). When theproximity sensor has made a detection in step S22, step S48 is firstreached in a case in which it is confirmed in step S46 that there is nosuch horizontal stationary state; the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 225 is then turned on. On the other hand, in a case in which ahorizontal stationary state is detected in step S46, the flow proceedson to step S50, which turns off the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 225, and the flow returns to step S14. However, step S50corresponds to when, in a flow repetition to be described later, thecartilage conduction vibration source 225 reaches step S46 in an onstate and a horizontal stationary state has been detected; therefore,when the cartilage conduction vibration source 225 reaches step S50 inan off state, the flow returns to step S14 without any action beingperformed.

Step S52 relates to the second added function in the fourth embodiment,and checks for the occurrence of the earplug bone conduction effect,which is caused by the mobile telephone 301 pressing strongly on thetragus 32 and obstructing the ear hole 232. In particular, asillustrated in FIG. 9, this is checked by the presence or absence of achange at or above a predetermined pressure and the directionalitythereof by the pressure sensor 242. In a case in which there is adetection of the state in which the earplug bone conduction effect iscreated, the flow proceeds to step S54, which adds thewaveform-inversion signal of one's own voice to the cartilage conductionvibration source 225, and the flow then moves on to step S58. On theother hand, in a case in which there is a detection in step S52 of astate in which the earplug bone conduction effect is not created, theflow moves on to step S56, and then on to step S58 without adding thewaveform-inversion signal of one's own voice to the cartilage conductionvibration source 225. In step S58, there is performed a check forwhether or not a call state has been cut off; when the call is not cutoff, the flow returns to step S22, following which step S22 and step S46to S58 are repeated until a call interruption is detected in step S58.Support is thereby provided for the generation and elimination of theearplug bone conduction effect during a call.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be restricted to individual respective embodiments, but rather can besubstituted or combined with other appropriate embodiments. For example,the flow chart of the fourth embodiment in FIG. 10 does not have theconfiguration in the flow chart of the first embodiment in FIG. 4 forswitching the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and theleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 26, but the configurationmay be such that the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24and the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit such as in thefirst embodiment are utilized as the configuration of the cartilageconduction vibration unit 228 in the tenth embodiment; thus, in additionto support for the generation and elimination of the earplug boneconduction effect in repeating the loop of step S22 and steps S46 toS58, support is additionally provided for switching the mobile telephoneto the other hand between the right ear call state and the left ear callstate by the function according to steps S24 to S26 from FIG. 4. It isalso possible to add to the first to third embodiments the functionalityof checking for the horizontal stationary state and turning off thecartilage conduction vibration unit 228 in the fourth embodiment of FIG.10. It is moreover possible in the first through third embodiments toutilize the cartilage conduction vibration unit 228 as in the fourthembodiment.

Fifth Embodiment

FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a fifth embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. Thefifth embodiment is founded on the fourth embodiment of FIG. 7, andshares the majority of the structure thereof; thus, corresponding partshave been given like reference numerals, and a description thereof hasbeen omitted. Also, to avoid complicating the illustration, theassignment of the reference numerals themselves has also been omittedfor those portions for which the description has been omitted, but thefunctions and names of the common parts in the drawings are common withFIG. 7. However, a more detailed description of the configuration callson the essential points of the block diagram of the fourth embodiment inFIGS. 8 and 9. A first point of difference in the fifth embodiment fromthe fourth embodiment lies in that a mobile telephone 401 is providedwith a double-push button 461, which makes it possible to set aso-called touch panel function (a function in which the large-screendisplay unit 205, on which the key pad or other operation unit 209 isdisplayed, is touched with a finger and the GUI is operated by thedetection of this touch position and/or the detection of this swipe) tooff, and also which is only usable when this touch panel function hasbeen set to off. The touch panel function can be set to off by operatingthe touch panel itself, and the touch panel can also be set to return toon by pressing the double-push button 461 for a predetermined period oftime longer. The double-push button 461, when usable, also has afunction for initiating a call with a first push and for interrupting acall when there is a second push during the call (an alternate switchingfunction performed by pushing whether [the device] is on or off). Theabove-described first push of the double-push button 461 is performedeither to call a specific party or to respond to an incoming call, acall being initiated thereby in either case.

A second point of difference in the fifth embodiment from the fourthembodiment lies in that the fifth embodiment is configured so as tofunction by the combination of the mobile telephone 401 with a softcover463 for housing same. Although FIG. 11, for the sake of describing theconfiguration, depicts the softcover 463 as if it were transparent, thesoftcover 463 is actually opaque, and the mobile telephone 401 cannot beseen from the outside in the state in which the mobile telephone 401 ishoused in the softcover 463 as in FIG. 11.

The above-described double-push button 461 is also able to function whenthe double-push button 461 is pushed from on the softcover 463 in thestate in which the mobile telephone 401 has been housed in the softcover463. Furthermore, the softcover 463 is configured so as to interlockwith the cartilage conduction vibration unit 228 comprising thecartilage conduction vibration source 225 and vibration conductor 227 ofthe mobile telephone 401, allowing for a call to take place in the statein which the mobile telephone 401 is housed in the softcover 463. Thefollowing provides a description thereof.

The softcover 463 is made using an elastic material that has acousticimpedance approximating that of ear cartilage (a silicone rubber; amixture of a silicone rubber and a butadiene rubber; a natural rubber; astructure formed using these varieties of rubber in which air bubblesare sealed; a structure, such as can be seen in transparent packagingsheet materials or the like, in which a layer of groups of air bubblesis sealed separated by a thin film of synthetic resin; or the like). Thevibration conductor 227 for transmitting vibration from the cartilageconduction vibration source 225 is in contact with the inside of thesoftcover when the mobile telephone 401 is housed therein. The outsideof the softcover 463 is brought up against the ear with the mobiletelephone 401 housed therein, whereby the vibration of the vibrationconductor 227 is transmitted to the ear cartilage over a broad area ofcontact by the interposition of the softcover 463. Sound from theexterior of the softcover 463, which resonates in accordance with thevibration of the vibration conductor 227, is further transmitted to thetympanic membrane from the external auditory meatus. Sound sourceinformation from the cartilage conduction vibration source 225 canthereby be heard as a loud sound. Environment noise can also be blocked,because the softcover 463, which is brought up against the ear, has aform such that the external auditory meatus is obstructed. Increasingthe force with which the softcover 463 is pressed against the earfurthermore gives the result of substantially completely obstructing theexternal auditory meatus, and sound source information from thecartilage conduction vibration source 225 can be heard as an even loudersound due to the earplug bone conduction effect. Detection is done viathe softcover 463, but, similarly with respect to the fourth embodiment,in the state in which the earplug bone conduction effect is created, thewaveform inversion signal from the outgoing-talk unit 23 (the microphone223) is added to the signal of one's own voice, on the basis of thedetection of pressure by the cartilage conduction vibration source 225.

In a call state in which the mobile telephone 401 remains housed in thesoftcover 463, the vibration of the vibration conductor 227, which istransmitted to the softcover 463, is also transmitted to theoutgoing-talk unit 23, which has the potential to generate a Larseneffect. To block acoustic conduction between the vibration conductor 227and the outgoing-talk unit 23 as a countermeasure therefor, thesoftcover 463 is provided in between the two with an insulation ringunit 465 having an acoustic impedance different from that of the body ofthe softcover. The insulation ring unit 465 can be formed by eitherintegrating or joining a material different from the material of thebody of the softcover. The insulation ring unit 465 may also be formedby joining a layer having a different acoustic impedance to either theoutside or the inside of the softcover 463, which are molded with thesame material. Moreover, a plurality of insulation ring units 465 may beinterposed between the vibration conductor 227 and the outgoing-talkunit 23 so that the insulating effect may be increased. In order for thesoftcover 463 to permit a call to take place in the state in which themobile telephone 401 remains housed therein, the vicinity of theoutgoing-talk unit 23 (the microphone 223) is configured as a microphonecover unit 467, which does not interfere with the air conduction ofsound. Such a microphone cover unit 467 takes a sponge-like structuresuch as that of, for example, an earphone cover or the like.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller 239(borrowing from FIG. 8) in the fifth embodiment of FIG. 11. However,parts that the flow of FIG. 12 shares with the flow of FIG. 10 have beengiven like step reference numerals, and a description thereof has beenomitted. FIG. 12 also primarily serves to describe the functions of thecartilage conduction vibration unit 228 and therefore depicts anabstraction of the operation that focuses on the related functions.Accordingly, similarly with respect to FIG. 10 or the like, thecontroller 239 in the fifth embodiment also contains typical mobiletelephone functions and other operations that are not represented in theflow in FIG. 12.

When the flow of FIG. 12 reaches step S62, a check is performed forwhether or not the touch panel has been set to off by the operationdescribed above. When same has not been set to off, the flow moves on tostep S64, and the function of the double-push button 461 is deactivated,whereupon the flow moves on to step S66 before arriving at step S34. Theportion illustrated as typical processing in step S66 collectivelyintegrates step S14, steps S18 to S22, step S32, step S36, step S38, andsteps S42 to S58 in FIG. 10 (i.e., the portions between steps S4 andS34). In other words, in a case in which step S62 transitions to stepS64, the flow in FIG. 12 implements similar functions to those of FIG.10.

On the other hand, when it is detected in step S62 that the touch panelhas been set to off, the flow moves on to step S68, in which thefunction of the double-push button 461 is activated. The flow thenproceeds to step S70. In step S70, the function of the touch panel isdeactivated, and in step S72, the presence or absence of a first push onthe double-push button 461 is detected. In a case in which herein nopush is detected, the flow moves on directly to step S34. On the otherhand, in a case in which a first push on the double-push button 461 isdetected in step S72, the flow proceeds to step S74, which detectswhether or not the mobile telephone 401 has been housed in the softcover463. This detection is made possible, for example, by the function ofthe infrared light-emitting units 19, 20 and the infrared lightproximity sensor 21, which constitute the proximity sensor.

When housing in the softcover 463 is detected in step S74, the flowproceeds to step S76, which turns the outgoing-talk unit 23 on, andturns the incoming-talk unit 13 off. Further, step S78 turns thecartilage conduction vibration source 225 on and the flow proceeds tostep S80, which places the mobile telephone 401 in a call state. When acall state is already in effect, the same is continued. On the otherhand, in a case in which housing in the softcover 463 is not detected instep S74, the flow moves on to step S82, which turns both theoutgoing-talk unit 23 and the incoming-talk unit 13 on; further, stepS84 turns the cartilage conduction vibration source 225 off and the flowproceeds to step S80. Step S86, which follows step S80, runs processingfor the earplug bone conduction effect, and then the flow moves on tostep S88. The processing for the earplug bone conduction effect in stepS86 is collectively illustrated by steps S52 to S56 in FIG. 10.

In step S88, the presence or absence of a second push on the double-pushbutton 461 is detected. When there is no detection, the flow returns tostep S74, following which steps S74 to S88 are repeated until there is adetection of a second push on the double-push button 461. There is aconstant check for whether the mobile telephone 401 is housed in thesoftcover 463 during this repetition during a call; therefore, when, forexample, environment noise is loud and listening comprehension at theincoming-talk unit 13 is impaired, support is provided for the user tohouse the mobile telephone 401 in the softcover 463 and thereby blockenvironment noise and further ease listening comprehension by theearplug bone conduction effect.

On the other hand, when a second push on the double-push button 461 isdetected in step S88, the flow moves on to step S90, which interruptsthe call; step S92 also turns all sending and receiving functions offand the flow arrives at step S34. In step S34, there is performed acheck for whether the primary power source is off; therefore, when thereis no detection of the primary power source being off, the flow returnsto step S62, following which steps S62 to S92 and step S34 are repeated.Further, during this repetition, step S64 provides support for settingthe touch panel to off by the previously described operation of thetouch panel or for releasing the off setting by a long press on thedouble-push button 461, and therefore switch is possible withappropriate, ordinary processing.

Sixth Embodiment

FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating a sixth embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG.13A is a front perspective view similar to FIG. 7, but, as will bedescribed later, because the sixth embodiment is constituted as adigital camera provided with mobile telephone functions, FIG. 13A isrotated 90 degrees relative to FIG. 7 and depicted at the angle of thestate of use as a digital camera. FIG. 13B is a rear perspective viewthereof (a front perspective view in a case viewed as a digital camera),and FIG. 13C is a cross-sectional view in the B-B sectional plane inFIG. 13B.

The sixth embodiment is founded on the fourth embodiment of FIG. 7, andhas the majority of the structure thereof in common; thus, correspondingparts have been given like reference numerals, and a description thereofhas been omitted. Also, to avoid complicating the illustration, theassignment of the reference numerals themselves has also been omittedfor those portions for which the description has been omitted, but thefunctions and names of the common parts in the drawings are in commonwith those of FIG. 7. However, a more detailed description of theconfiguration calls on the essential points of the block diagram of thefourth embodiment in FIGS. 8 and 9. A first point of difference in thesixth embodiment from the fourth embodiment lies in that a mobiletelephone 501 is constituted as a digital camera provided with mobiletelephone functions. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 13B, the firstpoint of difference is that a zoom lens 555 provided with high opticalperformance is utilized as the imaging lens of the backside main camera.The zoom lens 555 projects out during use in the state illustrated bythe single dotted line in FIG. 13B, but, during non-use, takes aso-called collapsible lens configuration, which retracts to a positionforming a plane identical to that of the outer surface of the mobiletelephone 501. A strobe 565 and a shutter release button 567 forprojecting auxiliary light when the subject is dark are also provided.The mobile telephone 501 also has a grip unit 563 suited for when thecamera is held in the right hand.

A second point of difference in the sixth embodiment from the fourthembodiment lies in that the grip unit 563, similarly with respect to thesoftcover 463 in the fifth embodiment, is made using a material that hasacoustic impedance approximating that of ear cartilage (a siliconerubber; a mixture of a silicone rubber and a butadiene rubber; a naturalrubber; or a structure formed from these varieties of rubber in whichair bubbles are sealed), and is provided with an elasticity suited forproviding a satisfactory grip sensation. Also, unlike the arrangement inthe fourth embodiment, a cartilage conduction vibration source 525 isarranged on the reverse side of the grip unit 563. As is clear from thecross-section in FIG. 13C, the cartilage conduction vibration source 525is in contact with the rear side of the grip unit 563.

Accordingly, bringing the grip unit 563 up against the ear transmits thevibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source 525 to the earcartilage over a broad area of contact by the interposition of the gripunit 563. Moreover, sound from the exterior of the grip unit 563, whichresonates according to the vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration source 525, is transmitted to the tympanic membrane from theexternal auditory meatus. Sound source information from the cartilageconduction vibration source 525 can thereby be heard as a loud sound.Also, similarly with respect to the fifth embodiment, the grip unit 563,which is brought up against the ear, takes on a form such that theexternal auditory meatus is obstructed, and can therefore blockenvironment noise. Further similarly with respect to the fifthembodiment, increasing the force for pressing the grip unit 563 givesthe result of substantially completely obstructing the external auditorymeatus, and sound source information from the cartilage conductionvibration source 525 can be heard as an even louder sound due to theearplug bone conduction effect. Detection is made via the grip unit 563,but, similarly with respect to the fifth embodiment, in the state inwhich the earplug bone conduction effect is created, the waveforminversion signal from a microphone or other outgoing-talk unit 523 isadded to the signal of one's own voice, on the basis of the detection ofpressure by the cartilage conduction vibration source 525.

Unlike the fourth embodiment, the outgoing-talk unit 523 is provided notto the front surface of the mobile telephone 501 but rather to the endsurface thereof, as is clear from FIG. 13B. Accordingly, theoutgoing-talk unit 523 can consistently pick up the user's voice bothwhen the incoming-talk unit 13 is brought up against the ear for a calland when the grip unit 563 on the reverse side is brought up against theear for a call. The settings can be switched using a switch button 561for either activating the incoming-talk unit 13 or for activating thecartilage conduction vibration source 525. In the state in which thezoom lens 555 projects in the state illustrated by the single dottedline in FIG. 13B, it is inappropriate to bring the grip unit 563 upagainst the ear for a call; therefore, when the switch button isoperated in such a state and the setting is changed to activate thecartilage conduction vibration source 525, the zoom lens 555 retractsautomatically, the execution of this switch being reserved until theretraction is complete.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller 239(borrowing from FIG. 8) in the sixth embodiment of FIG. 13. However,parts that the flow of FIG. 14 shares with the flow of FIG. 10 have beengiven like step reference numerals, and a description thereof has beenomitted. FIG. 14 also illustrates an abstraction of the operation thatfocuses on related functions, in order to primarily provide adescription of the function of the cartilage conduction vibration unit228. Accordingly, similarly with respect to FIG. 10 and the like, in thesixth embodiment as well, the controller 239 also contains typicalmobile telephone functions and other operations not represented by theflow in FIG. 14.

In the flow of FIG. 14, there is performed a check for whether there hasbeen an operation to initiate a call once step S104 is reached. In acase in which there has not been an operation, the flow moves directlyon to step S34. On the other hand, in a case in which an operation toinitiate a call is detected, the flow proceeds to step S106, in whichthere is performed a check for whether the cartilage conduction has beenset using the switch button 561. When the cartilage conduction has beenset, there is a check in step S108 for whether the zoom lens 555 isprojecting out. A result in which the zoom lens 555 is not projectingout moves on to step S110, in which the outgoing-talk unit 523 is turnedon and the incoming-talk unit 13 is turned off; step S112 turns thecartilage conduction vibration source 525 on and then the flow moves onto step S46.

On the other hand, in a case in which no cartilage conduction setting isdetected in step S106 the flow moves on to step S114, in which theoutgoing-talk unit 523 and the incoming-talk unit 13 are turned on; stepS116 turns the cartilage conduction vibration source 525 off and theflow moves on to step S118. Furthermore, in a case in which it isdetected in step S108 that the zoom lens 555 is projecting out when itis also detected in step S106 that the cartilage conduction has beenset, the flow moves on to step S110, which instructs that the zoom lens555 be retracted, and the flow moves on to step S114. However, in a casein which collapsing has already been initiated, the instruction is thatsame be continued. As will be described later, steps S106 to S116 arerepeated until the call state is cut off. Thus, there is an instructionto retract in step S110 in accordance with a cartilage conductionsetting detection in step S106, and after the collapsing has beeninitiated, the state of steps S114 and S116 is maintained without theflow moving on to step S110 until the collapsing is completed and theprojection of the zoom lens 555 is no longer detected in step S108.

Steps S46 to S56, which follow step S112, are consistent with FIG. 10and therefore a description thereof has been omitted. Upon the move tostep S54 or steps S56 to S118, a check is done for whether the callstate has been cut off, and in a case in which a call interruption isnot detected, the flow returns to step S106, following which steps S106to S118 and steps S46 to S56 are repeated. When, for example,environment noise is loud and when listening comprehension is impairedat the incoming-talk unit 13, support can thereby be provided for theuser to operate the switch button 561 during a call to switch to thecartilage conduction setting and thereby block environment noise orfurther ease listening comprehension by the earplug bone conductioneffect, and the like. Also, at this time the zoom lens 555 isautomatically retracted when in the projecting state.

Seventh Embodiment

FIG. 15 is a perspective view illustrating a seventh embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. Amobile telephone 601 of the seventh embodiment, similarly with respectto the first embodiment, is configured such that an upper part 607 canbe folded onto a lower part 611 by a hinge unit 603. FIG. 15A is a frontperspective view similar to FIG. 1, and FIG. 15B is a rear perspectiveview thereof. FIG. 15C is a cross-sectional view of the elements in theB-B sectional plane in FIG. 15B. The majority of the structure of theseventh embodiment is shared with that of the first embodiment, andtherefore corresponding parts have been assigned the same referencenumerals, and a description has been omitted. Also, to avoidcomplicating the illustration, the assignment of the reference numeralsthemselves has also been omitted for those portions for which thedescription has been omitted, but the functions and names of the commonparts in the drawings are common with FIG. 1. Furthermore, although theoverview is shared with the first embodiment, a more detaileddescription of the internal configuration calls on the essential pointsof the block diagram of the fourth embodiment in FIGS. 8 and 9.

A first point of difference in the seventh embodiment from the firstembodiment lies in that, as depicted in FIG. 15B, a cartilage conductionoutput unit 663 having a broad surface area is provided in the vicinityof the hinge of the upper part 607. The cartilage conduction output unit663 is similar to the softcover 463 in the fifth embodiment and/or tothe grip unit 563 in the sixth embodiment, and is made using a materialthat has acoustic impedance approximating that of ear cartilage (asilicone rubber; a mixture of a silicone rubber and a butadiene rubber;a natural rubber; or a structure formed using these varieties of rubberin which air bubbles are sealed), and is provided with an elasticitysuited for protecting against collision of a foreign object against theouter wall of the mobile telephone 601. Unlike the arrangement in thefirst embodiment, a cartilage conduction vibration source 625 isarranged behind the cartilage conduction output unit 663. As is clearfrom the cross-section of FIG. 15C, the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 625 is in contact with the rear surface of the cartilageconduction output unit 663.

Accordingly, folding the mobile telephone 601 and bringing the cartilageconduction output unit 663 up against the ear transmits the vibration ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source 625 to the ear cartilage overa broad area of contact by the interposition of the cartilage conductionoutput unit 663. Sound from the exterior of the cartilage conductionoutput unit 663, which resonates in accordance with the vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source 625, is further transmitted to thetympanic membrane from the external auditory meatus. Sound sourceinformation from the cartilage conduction vibration source 625 canthereby be heard as a loud sound. Also, similarly with respect to thefifth embodiment and the sixth embodiment, the cartilage conductionoutput unit 663, which is brought up against the ear, takes on a formsuch that the external auditory meatus is obstructed, and can thereforeblock environment noise. Further similarly with respect to the fifthembodiment and the sixth embodiment, increasing the force with which thecartilage conduction output unit 663 is pressed to the ear gives theresult of substantially completely obstructing the external auditorymeatus, and sound source information from the cartilage conductionvibration source 625 can be heard as an even louder sound due to theearplug bone conduction effect. Detection is done via the cartilageconduction output unit 663, but, similarly with respect to the fifthembodiment and the sixth embodiment, in the state in which the earplugbone conduction effect is created, the waveform inversion signal from amicrophone or other outgoing-talk unit 623 is added to the signal ofone's own voice, on the basis of the detection of pressure by thecartilage conduction vibration source 625.

A second point of difference in the seventh embodiment from the firstembodiment lies in that, as depicted in FIG. 15A, the outgoing-talk unit623 is provided to the lower end surface of the lower part 611, ratherthan to the front surface of the lower part 611 of the mobile telephone601. Accordingly, the outgoing-talk unit 623 can consistently pick upthe user's voice both when the mobile telephone 601 is opened and theincoming-talk unit 13 is brought up against the ear for a call and whenthe mobile telephone 601 is closed and the cartilage conduction outputunit 663 is brought up against the ear for a call. In a case in whichthe mobile telephone 601 is set to support switching cartilageconduction, switching occurs automatically such that the incoming-talkunit 13 is activated when the mobile telephone 601 is opened and acartilage conduction vibration source 625 is activated when the mobiletelephone 601 is closed. On the other hand, in a case in which there isno setting to support switching the cartilage conduction, the cartilageconduction vibration source 525 will not automatically be activated;rather, ordinary speaking and listening function regardless of whetherthe mobile telephone 601 is open or closed.

As is clear from the rear perspective view in FIG. 15B, the back surfaceof the mobile telephone 601 is provided with a backside main camera 55,a speaker 51, and a back surface display unit 671. The back surface ofthe mobile telephone 601 is further provided with a pushbutton 661,which becomes active when the cartilage conduction switching support isset and the mobile telephone 601 is closed. Similarly with respect tothe fifth embodiment, the pushbutton 661 has the functions of initiatinga call with a first push, and of interrupting a call when pushed asecond time during a call. The first push of the pushbutton 661 isperformed either to place an outgoing call to a specific party or torespond to an incoming call, a call being initiated thereby in eithercase.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller 239(borrowing from FIG. 8) in the seventh embodiment of FIG. 15. However,parts that the flow of FIG. 16 shares with the flow of FIG. 14 have beengiven like step reference numerals, and a description thereof has beenomitted. FIG. 16 also illustrates an abstraction of the operation thatfocuses on related functions, in order to primarily provide adescription of the function of the cartilage conduction vibration unit228. Accordingly, in the seventh embodiment, the controller 239 alsocontains typical mobile telephone functions and other operations notrepresented by the flow of FIG. 16, similarly with respect to FIG. 14and the like.

In the flow of FIG. 16, a call is initiated and when step S122 isreached, there is performed a check for whether cartilage conductionswitching support has been set. In a case in which cartilage conductionswitching support is confirmed to have been set in step S122, the flowproceeds to step S124, which checks for whether or not the mobiletelephone 601 has been opened; i.e., has gone from the state in whichthe upper part 607 is folded on top of the lower part 611 to the stateof being opened as in FIG. 15. In a case in which it is confirmed thatthe mobile telephone 601 has not been opened and the upper part 607 isfolded on top of the lower part 611, the flow moves on to step S110,which turns the outgoing-talk unit 623 on and turns the incoming-talkunit 13 off; step S112 turns the cartilage conduction vibration source625 on and then the flow moves on to step S46. In this manner, itbecomes possible to listen using the cartilage conduction output unit663 in the state in which the mobile telephone 601 is folded up.

On the other hand, in a case in which it is not detected in step S122that the cartilage conduction switching support has been set, noquestion is posed as to whether or not the mobile telephone 601 isfolded up, but rather the flow moves on to step S114, which turns theoutgoing-talk unit 623 and the incoming-talk unit 13 on together; stepS116 then turns the cartilage conduction vibration source 625 off andmoves on to step S118. In a case in which it is detected in step S106that the cartilage conduction switching support has been set, the flowmoves on to step S114 even when it is confirmed in step S124 that themobile telephone 601 is open.

The flow in FIG. 16 also has a check for whether or not the call statehas been cut off in step S118; the flow returns to step S122 in a casein which a call interruption is not detected, following which step S122,step S124, steps S114 to S118 and steps S46 to S56 are repeated. In thismanner, in a case in which the cartilage conduction switching supporthas been pre-set, when, for example, environment noise is loud and whenlistening comprehension is impaired at the incoming-talk unit 13,support can be provided for the user to fold up the mobile telephone 601during the course of a call and switch to listening by the cartilageconduction output unit 663, and thereby block environment noise orfurther ease listening comprehension by the earplug bone conductioneffect, and the like.

To summarize the features of the aforementioned fifth to sixthembodiments, the mobile telephone comprises a cartilage conductionvibration source and a conductor for guiding the vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source to the ear cartilage; theconductor either is configured as an elastic body, or is large enough tobe in contact with the ear cartilage at a plurality of points or islarge enough to be in contact with the ear cartilage and obstruct theexternal auditory meatus, or has a surface area at least approximatingthat of an earlobe, or has an auditory impedance approximating theauditory impedance of ear cartilage. Any of these features or acombination thereof makes it possible to listen effectively to soundinformation by the cartilage conduction vibration source. The use ofthese features is also not to be limited to the above-describedembodiments. For example, it is also possible to constitute the presentinvention without having the conductor be an elastic body, by the use ofthe advantages of the materials, sizes, surface areas, arrangements, andstructures disclosed in the above-described embodiments.

Eighth Embodiment

FIG. 17 is a perspective view illustrating an eighth embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. Theeight embodiment is similar to the sixth embodiment of FIG. 13, and isconfigured as a digital camera provided with a mobile telephonefunction; similarly with respect to FIG. 13, FIG. 17A is a frontperspective view, FIG. 17B is a rear perspective view, and FIG. 17C is across-sectional view in the B-B sectional plane in FIG. 17B. The eighthembodiment shares the majority of the structure with the sixthembodiment of FIG. 13; thus, corresponding parts have been given likereference numerals, and a description thereof has been omitted.

The point of difference in the eighth embodiment from the sixthembodiment lies in that, as is clear from the cross-section of FIG. 17C,a cartilage conduction vibration source 725 is embedded inside a gripunit 763. The grip unit 763, similarly with respect to the sixthembodiment in FIG. 13, is made using a material that has acousticimpedance approximating that of ear cartilage (a silicone rubber; amixture of a silicone rubber and a butadiene rubber; a natural rubber;or a structure formed using these varieties of rubber in which airbubbles are sealed), and is provided with an elasticity suited forproviding a satisfactory grip sensation. A more detailed description ofthe internal configuration, similarly with respect to the sixthembodiment, calls on the essential points of the block diagram of thefourth embodiment in FIGS. 8 and 9.

A flexible connection wire 769 in FIG. 17C connects the cartilageconduction vibration source 725, which is embedded inside the grip unit763, with the phase adjustment mixer unit 236 of FIG. 8 or other circuitportion 771. The structure as illustrated by the cross-sectional view inFIG. 17C, for embedding the cartilage conduction vibration source 725inside the grip unit 763, can be achieved by an integrated mold in whichthe cartilage conduction vibration source 725 and the flexibleconnection wire 769 are inserted into the grip unit 763. The same canalso be achieved by dividing the grip unit 763 into two bodies, wherethe flexible connection wire 769 and the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 725 serve as a boundary, and by bonding the two grip units 763across the flexible connection wire 769 and the cartilage conductionvibration source 725.

The eighth embodiment is similar to the sixth embodiment in thatbringing the grip unit 763 up against the ear transmits the vibration ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source 725 to the ear cartilage overa broad area of contact by the interposition of the grip unit 763; inthat sound from the exterior of the grip unit 763, which resonates inaccordance with the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 725, is further transmitted to the tympanic membrane from theexternal auditory meatus; in that environment noise can also be blocked,because the grip unit 763, which is brought up against the ear, has aform such that the external auditory meatus is obstructed; and in thatincreasing the force pressing the grip unit 763 to the ear furthermoregives the result of substantially completely obstructing the externalauditory meatus, and sound source information from the cartilageconduction vibration source 725 can be heard as an even louder sound dueto the earplug bone conduction effect. In the state in which the earplugbone conduction effect is created, the adding of the waveform inversionsignal from the microphone or other outgoing-talk unit 523 to the signalof one's own voice, on the basis of the detection of pressure by thecartilage conduction vibration source 625, is the same as in the sixthembodiment. However, because the cartilage conduction vibration source725 is embedded in the grip unit 763 in the eighth embodiment, the statein which the earplug bone conduction effect is created is detected bythe strain to the cartilage conduction vibration source 725, which iscaused by the strain to the grip unit 763 due to an increase in thepushing force.

The significance of embedding the cartilage conduction vibration source725 inside an elastic body such as the grip unit 763 in the eighthembodiment lies not only in obtaining a favorable conduction of sound,as described above, but also in counteracting impact on the cartilageconduction vibration source 725. A piezoelectric bimorph element, whichis used as the cartilage conduction vibration source 725 in the eighthembodiment, has properties for resisting impact. Herein, configuring thecartilage conduction vibration source 725 so as to be envelopedcircumferentially, as in the eighth embodiment, can provide cushioningagainst impact resulting from the rigid structure of the mobiletelephone 701, and can facilitate implementation in the mobile telephone701, which is constantly exposed to such risks as being dropped. Theelastic body enveloping the cartilage conduction vibration source 725not only functions simply as a cushioning material, but also functionsas a configuration for more effectively transmitting the vibration ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source 725 to the ear as describedabove.

Ninth Embodiment

FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a ninth embodiment of amobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. Amobile telephone 801 of the ninth embodiment, similarly with respect tothe seventh embodiment, is configured such that an upper part 807 can befolded onto the lower part 611 by a hinge unit 603. In FIG. 18, which issimilar to FIG. 15, FIG. 18A is a front perspective view, FIG. 18B is arear perspective view, and FIG. 18C is a cross-sectional view in the B-Bsectional plane in FIG. 18B. The eighth embodiment in FIG. 18 shares themajority of the structure with the seventh embodiment of FIG. 15; thus,corresponding parts have been given like reference numerals, and adescription thereof has been omitted.

A point of difference in the ninth embodiment from the seventhembodiment lies in that, as is clear from the cross-section of FIG. 18C,a cartilage conduction vibration source 825 is sandwiched between acartilage conduction output unit 863 and an internal cushioning material873. The cartilage conduction output unit 863, similarly with respect tothe cartilage conduction output unit 663 in the seventh embodiment, ismade using a material that has acoustic impedance approximating that ofear cartilage (a silicone rubber; a mixture of a silicone rubber and abutadiene rubber; a natural rubber; or a structure formed using thesevarieties of rubber in which air bubbles are sealed), and is providedwith an elasticity suited for protecting against the collision of aforeign object against the outer wall of the mobile telephone 801. Theinternal cushioning material 873 can be constituted of any materialprovided that the material is an elastic body having the purpose ofproviding cushioning, but can also be made of the same material as thecartilage conduction output unit 863. A more detailed description of theinternal configuration, which is similar to the seventh embodiment,calls on the essential points of the block diagram of the fourthembodiment in FIGS. 8 and 9.

As illustrated by the cross-section in FIG. 18C, the cartilageconduction vibration source 825 and a flexible connection wiring 869 aresandwiched in between the cartilage conduction output unit 863 and theinternal cushioning material 873. The flexible connection wire 869,similarly with respect to the eighth embodiment, connects the cartilageconduction vibration source 825 with the phase adjustment mixer unit 236of FIG. 8 or other circuit portion 871. These structures, in which thecartilage conduction vibration source 825 and the flexible connectionwire 869 are sandwiched in between the cartilage conduction output unit863 and the internal cushioning material 873, are integrated within acartilage conduction output unit 875; such a cartilage conduction outputunit 875 is fitted into the upper part 807 of the mobile telephone 801.

The ninth embodiment is also similar to the seventh embodiment in thatbringing the cartilage conduction output unit 863 up against the eartransmits the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source 825to the ear cartilage over a broad area of contact by the interpositionof the cartilage conduction output unit 863; in that sound from thecartilage conduction output unit 863, which resonates in accordance withthe vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source 825, istransmitted to the tympanic membrane from the external auditory meatus;in that environment noise can be blocked, because the cartilageconduction output unit 863, which is brought up against the ear, has aform such that the external auditory meatus is obstructed; and in thatincreasing the force pressing the cartilage conduction output unit 863to the ear gives the result of substantially completely obstructing theexternal auditory meatus, and sound source information from thecartilage conduction vibration source 825 can be heard as an even loudersound due to the earplug bone conduction effect. In the state in whichthe earplug bone conduction effect is created, the adding of thewaveform inversion signal from the microphone or other outgoing-talkunit 623 to the signal of one's own voice, on the basis of the detectionof pressure by the cartilage conduction vibration source 825, is thesame as in the seventh embodiment. However, in the ninth embodiment, thecartilage conduction vibration source 825 is sandwiched in between thecartilage conduction output unit 863 and the internal cushioningmaterial 873, which both are elastic bodies, and therefore, similarlywith respect to the eighth embodiment, the state in which the earplugbone conduction effect is created is detected by the strain to thecartilage conduction vibration source 825, which accompanies the strainto the cartilage conduction output unit 863 due to an increase in thepushing force.

The significance of the structure in the ninth embodiment, in which thecartilage conduction vibration source 825 is sandwiched between thecartilage conduction output unit 863 and the internal cushioningmaterial 873, which are both elastic bodies, lies not only in obtaininga favorable conduction of sound, as described above, but also incounteracting impact on the cartilage conduction vibration source 825,which is made of a piezoelectric bimorph element. In other words,similarly with respect to the eighth embodiment, configuring thecartilage conduction vibration source 825 so as to be envelopedcircumferentially can provide cushioning against impact resulting fromthe rigid structure of the mobile telephone 801, and can facilitateimplementation in the mobile telephone 801, which is constantly exposedto being dropped and other risks. The elastic body sandwiching thecartilage conduction vibration source 825 not only functions merely as acushioning material, but also functions as a configuration for moreeffectively transmitting the vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration source 825 to the ear as described above, due to the fact thatat least the outer elastic body is molded of a material having anacoustic impedance approximating that of ear cartilage.

Tenth Embodiment

FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating a tenth embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. Amobile telephone 901 of the tenth embodiment, similarly with respect tothat of the fourth embodiment, is an integrated type with no movingparts, and is configured as a “smartphone,” which has a large-screendisplay unit 205 provided with GUI functions. There is much in commonwith the structure thereof, and accordingly corresponding portions havebeen given like reference numerals as in the fourth embodiment, and adescription has been omitted. However, similarly with respect to thefourth embodiment, the “upper part” in the tenth embodiment does notsignify a separate upper part, but rather signifies the portion at thetop of the integrated structure.

A point of difference in the tenth embodiment from the fourth embodimentlies in that a cartilage conduction vibration source 925, which is madeup of a piezoelectric bimorph element or the like, serves as thecartilage conduction vibration source, and also takes on the role of adrive source of the incoming-talk unit for generating sound waves thatare transmitted to the tympanic membrane by air conduction. To provide amore specific description, the vibration conductor 227, similarly withrespect to the fourth embodiment, is in contact with the upper part ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source 925 and is arranged at theupper side of the mobile telephone. Furthermore, a cartilage conductionoutput unit 963, which, similarly with respect to the seventhembodiment, is made using a material that has acoustic impedanceapproximating that of ear cartilage (a silicone rubber; a mixture of asilicone rubber and a butadiene rubber; a natural rubber; or; astructure formed using these varieties of rubber in which air bubblesare sealed), is arranged at the front of the cartilage conductionvibration source 925. Because the cartilage conduction output unit 963,as will be described later, serves as an incoming-talk unit forgenerating sound waves that are transmitted to the tympanic membrane byair conduction, the tenth embodiment has no special setting for theincoming-talk unit 13 as in the fourth embodiment.

Due to the configuration described above, first, the vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source 925 is transmitted laterally bythe vibration conductor 227, causing the two ends 224 and 226 thereof tovibrate, and thus causing either one thereof to come into contact withthe tragus allows sound to be heard by cartilage conduction. Also,similarly with respect to the fourth embodiment, the vibration conductor227 vibrates not only at the right end 224 and left end 226 thereof butrather vibrates as a whole. Accordingly, it is possible in the tenthembodiment as well to transmit audio information regardless of where onthe top inner edge of the mobile telephone 901 is contact made with theear cartilage. Then, the vibration conductor 227 is in contact with theear cartilage over a broad range and also the cartilage conductionoutput unit 963 is in contact with the tragus and other ear cartilage,when the mobile telephone 901 is brought up against the ear in such aform that a part of the cartilage conduction output unit 963 comes intothe front of the entrance of the external auditory meatus, similarlywith respect to an ordinary mobile telephone. Through such contact,sound can be heard by cartilage conduction. Similarly with respect tothe fifth embodiment to the ninth embodiment, sound from the exterior ofthe cartilage conduction output unit 963, which resonates in accordancewith the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source 925, isfurther transmitted to the tympanic membrane from the external auditorymeatus as sound waves. In this manner, the cartilage conduction outputunit 963 can function as an incoming-talk unit by air conduction in theordinary state of use of a mobile telephone.

Cartilage conduction conducts differently depending on the magnitude offorce pushing on the cartilage; a more effective conduction state can beobtained when the pushing force is increased. This signifies thatnatural behavior, such as increasing the force pushing the mobiletelephone against the ear when it is difficult to hear the incoming-talkunit sound, can be utilized to adjust the volume. Even when such afunction is not explained to the user in, for example, the instructionmanual, the user can still intuitively understand the function throughnatural behavior. Configuring the vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration source 925 in the tenth embodiment such that the vibrationconductor 227, which is a rigid body, and the cartilage conductionoutput unit 963, which is an elastic body, can both simultaneously be incontact with the ear cartilage is intended to permit more effectivevolume adjustment primarily through adjusting the force pushing on thevibration conductor 227, which is a rigid body.

The employment of the present invention is not to be limited to theabove-described embodiments; other aspects can also benefit from thevarious above-described advantages of the present invention. Forexample, a resonator that is appropriate as a speaker other than thematerial having an acoustic impedance approaching that of ear cartilagecan be arranged at the position where the cartilage conduction outputunit 963 is arranged, in a case in which the tenth embodiment isconfigured such that the combination of the cartilage conductionvibration source 925 and the cartilage conduction output unit 963function as a dedicated incoming-talk unit by air conduction. Such acase is also able to benefit from the features and advantages of thetenth embodiment, in which the cartilage conduction vibration source925, which is made up of a piezoelectric bimorph element or the like,serves as the cartilage conduction vibration source, and also serves asa drive source of the incoming-talk unit for generating sound waves thatare transmitted to the tympanic membrane by air conduction.

Eleventh Embodiment

FIG. 20 is a perspective view illustrating an eleventh embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. Themobile telephone 1001 of the eleventh embodiment, similarly with respectto that of the fourth embodiment, is an integrated type with no movingparts, and is configured as a “smartphone,” which has a large-screendisplay unit 205 provided with GUI functions. There is much in commonwith the structure thereof, and so corresponding portions have beengiven like reference numerals as in the fourth embodiment, and adescription has been omitted. However, similarly with respect to thefourth embodiment, the “upper part” in the eleventh embodiment does notsignify a separate upper part, but rather signifies the portion at thetop of the integrated structure.

A point of difference in the eleventh embodiment from the fourthembodiment lies in that a right ear vibration unit 1024 and a left earvibration unit 1026 are provided not to the front of the mobiletelephone 1001 but rather to a side surface 1007 and to the side surfaceof the opposite side, shown without a reference number with relation tothe diagrams, respectively (it shall be noted that the right earvibration unit 1024 and the left ear vibration unit 1026 are arranged ina left-right reversal relative to the fourth embodiment of FIG. 7). In amanner functionally similar to that of the fourth embodiment, the rightear vibration unit 1024 and the left ear vibration unit 1026 in theeleventh embodiment are also configured as the two end parts of thevibration conductor 1027; the cartilage conduction vibration source1025, which is made up of a piezoelectric bimorph element or the like,is arranged in contact with the lower part of the vibration conductor1027, the vibration thereof being transmitted to the vibration conductor1027. The vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source 1025 isthereby transmitted laterally by the vibration conductor 1027, causingthe two ends 1024 and 1026 thereof to vibrate. The two ends 1024 and1026 of the vibration conductor 1027 are provided so as to be in contactwith the tragus when the upper end portion of a side surface (forexample, 1007) of the mobile telephone 1001 is brought up against theear. A microphone or other outgoing-talk unit 1023 is provided to thelower surface of a mobile telephone 1001 such that audio uttered by theuser can be picked up even in the state in which either of the right earvibration unit 1024 or the left ear vibration unit 1026 is brought upagainst the tragus. In addition, the mobile telephone 1001 of theeleventh embodiment is provided with a speaker 1013 forvideoconferencing functions occurring while the large-screen displayunit 205 is being observed; the sensitivity of the microphone or otheroutgoing-talk unit 1023 is switched at the time of the videoconferencingfunction, and audio uttered by the user during the observation of thedisplay monitor 205 can be picked up.

FIG. 21 is a side view of the mobile telephone 1001 illustrating thefunction of the right ear vibration unit 1024 and the left ear vibrationunit 1026; the method illustrated is in accordance with FIG. 2. However,as depicted in FIG. 20, the right ear vibration unit 1024 and the leftear vibration unit 1026 in the eleventh embodiment are each provided toa side surface of the mobile telephone 1001. Accordingly, in theeleventh embodiment, the side surface of the mobile telephone 1001 isbrought up against the tragus, as depicted in FIG. 21, when the mobiletelephone 1001 is brought up against the ear. In other words, it is notthat the surface of the display unit 5 of the mobile telephone 1 isbrought up against the tragus, as in FIG. 2; therefore, the large-screendisplay unit 205 is not brought up against the ear and/or cheek and willnot be fouled by sebum or the like.

More specifically, FIG. 21A illustrates the state in which the mobiletelephone 1001 is held in the right hand and is brought up against thetragus 32 of the right ear 28; the side surface in view is the sideopposite to the one in the mobile telephone 1001 being brought upagainst the right ear 28, and the surface of the large-screen displayunit 205 depicted by the cross-section is approximately perpendicular tothe cheek and faces the lower rear of the face. The result is that, asdescribed above, the large-screen display unit 205 is not brought upagainst the ear and/or cheek and does not get fouled with sebum or thelike. Similarly, FIG. 21B illustrates the state in which the mobiletelephone 1001 is held in the left hand and is brought up against thetragus 34 of the left ear 30; such a case is also similar to that ofFIG. 21A in that, the large-screen display unit 205 being approximatelyperpendicular to the cheek and facing the lower rear of the face, thelarge-screen display unit 205 is not brought up against the ear and/orcheek and does not get fouled with sebum or the like.

However, such a state of use as in FIG. 21 is implemented from the statein which the mobile telephone 1001 is held with the right hand and thelarge-screen display unit 205 is observed, for example, in the case ofFIG. 21A, by moving the mobile telephone 1001 without shaking the hand,and bringing the right ear vibration unit 1024 up against the tragus 32.Accordingly, transitioning between the state of observing thelarge-screen display unit 205 and the state in which the right earvibration unit 1024 is brought up against the tragus 32 is possible by anatural movement of the right hand, such as by slightly altering theangle between the elbow and the wrist, without needing to switch thehand holding the mobile telephone 1001 nor to shake the hand. Tosimplify the above description, the state in FIG. 21 has thelarge-screen display unit 205 substantially perpendicular to the cheek,but the user can unrestrictedly select the angle of the hand or theposture for bringing the mobile telephone 1001 up against the ear; theangle of the large-screen display unit 205 with the cheek therefore neednot be perpendicular, but rather may be moderately inclined. However,because each of the right ear vibration unit 1024 and the left earvibration unit 1026 is provided to a side surface of the mobiletelephone 1001 according to the configuration of the eleventhembodiment, the large-screen display unit 205 is not brought up againstthe ear and/or cheek and will not be fouled by sebum or the like,regardless of the posture in which the vibration units are brought upagainst the tragus 32 or 34.

As a result of the fact that the large-screen display unit 205 is nothidden by facing the direction of the cheek in the eleventh embodiment,it is possible that the call destination or other display content may beseen by other people in front or rear. Accordingly, to protect privacyin the eleventh embodiment, a switch is automatically made from anordinary display to a privacy-protection display (where, for example,nothing is displayed) in the state in which the right ear vibration unit1024 or the left ear vibration unit 1026 is brought up against the ear.This point will be described in greater detail later.

Twelfth Embodiment

FIG. 22 is a perspective view illustrating a twelfth embodiment of themobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG.22A illustrates the state in which a handle 1181 (to be described later)does not project out, and FIG. 22B illustrates the state in which thehandle 1181 does project out. Similarly with respect to the eleventhembodiment, s cartilage conduction vibration unit 1124 of a mobiletelephone 1101 of the twelfth embodiment is provided to a side surfaceof the mobile telephone 1101 (the side surface of the left side seen inFIG. 22, there being no reference numeral assigned thereto because thesurface is hidden for convenience of illustration). The twelfthembodiment, being a mobile telephone, is based on an integrated typewith no movable parts that is similar to the eleventh embodiment, and isconfigured as a “smartphone” having a large-screen display unit 205provided with GUI functions. There is much in common with the structurethereof, and so corresponding portions have been given like referencenumerals as in the eleventh embodiment, and a description has beenomitted. However, similarly with respect to the eleventh embodiment, the“upper part” in the twelfth embodiment does not signify a separate upperpart, but rather signifies the portion at the top of the integratedstructure.

A point of difference in the twelfth embodiment from the eleventhembodiment lies in that, in addition to the configuration of the handle1181 (to be described later), the cartilage conduction vibration unit1124 is provided to one side surface on the left seen from FIG. 22 inthe mobile telephone 1101. The element that is to be brought up againstthe ear is limited to being on the side surface of the left side, andtherefore a microphone or other outgoing-talk unit 1123 is also providedto the lower surface close to the left side surface of the mobiletelephone 1101, as illustrated in FIG. 22. However, in the twelfthembodiment as well, the outgoing-talk unit 1123 is switched at the timeof a videoconferencing function occurring while the large-screen displayunit 205 is being observed, and audio uttered by the user as theyobserve the large-screen display unit 205 can be picked up.

In the twelfth embodiment, similarly with respect to the eleventhembodiment, the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1124 can be broughtup against the tragus of the right ear from the state in which thelarge-screen display unit 205 is being viewed, as in FIG. 22. On theother hand, to bring the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1124 upagainst the tragus of the left ear, the holding hand can be switchedsuch that the mobile telephone 1101 faces backwards, the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1124 thereby being made to face the left ear.Use in such a manner is also possible in the state in which the handle1181 does not project out, as in FIG. 22A.

The following is a description of the function of the handle. Onenatural way of holding when the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1124is brought up against the ear at such an angle that the large-screendisplay unit 205 is approximately perpendicular to the cheek, as in FIG.21, is embodied in a form such that the front surface of the mobiletelephone 1101 on which the large-screen display unit 205 is providedand the back surface thereof are sandwiched by the thumb and the otherfour fingers, but the fingers at this time are in a state of touchingthe large-screen display unit 205; therefore, a concern is presented inthat a mistaken operation is possible and the comparatively long-termand powerful contact during a call will result in fingerprint fouling.

In view whereof, to prevent the fingers from touching the large-screendisplay unit 205 while also facilitating holding the mobile telephone1101, the twelfth embodiment is configured such that the handle 1181projects out from the state in FIG. 22A to the state in FIG. 22Baccording to need, it being possible to use the handle 1181 to hold themobile telephone. It thereby becomes possible in the state representedin FIG. 22B to sandwich the handle 1181 and the end parts of the body ofthe mobile telephone 1101 with the thumb and the other four fingers, andthe mobile telephone 1101 can be readily held without the large-screendisplay unit 205 being touched. The handle 1181 can also be grasped tohold the mobile telephone 1101 in a case in which the degree ofprojection is configured so as to be comparatively larger. However,similarly with respect to the case of the state in FIG. 22A, the mobiletelephone 1101 can also be held so as to face backwards, the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1124 thereby being brought up against thetragus of the left ear.

To cause the handle 1181 to project out from the state in FIG. 22A, aprojection operation button 1183 is pushed and the handle is therebyunlocked and projects slightly outward; the state in FIG. 22B cantherefore be achieved by pulling the handle out. Because the lock isengaged in the state in FIG. 22B, no problems are presented even whenthe handle 1181 is held and the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1124is pushed up against the tragus. To house the handle 1181, the lock isundone when the projection operation button 1183 is pushed in the statein FIG. 22B; therefore, the lock is engaged when the handle 1181 ispushed in so as to assume the state in FIG. 22A.

FIG. 23 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller 239(borrowing from FIG. 8) in the twelfth embodiment of FIG. 22. However,parts that the flow of FIG. 23 shares with the flow of FIG. 14 have beengiven like step reference numerals, and a description thereof has beenomitted. FIG. 23 also illustrates an abstraction of the operation thatfocuses on related functions, in order to primarily provide adescription of the function of the cartilage conduction vibration unit228. Accordingly, similarly with respect to FIG. 14 and the like, thecontroller 239 in the twelfth embodiment also contains typical mobiletelephone functions and other operations not represented by the flow ofFIG. 23. FIG. 23 uses boldface print to illustrate points of differencewith FIG. 14, and thus the following description focuses on theseportions.

In the flow of FIG. 23, there is performed a check for whether there hasbeen an operation to initiate a call once step S104 is reached. A casein which there has not been an operation moves directly on to step S34.On the other hand, in a case in which an operation to initiate a call isdetected, the flow proceeds to step S132, in which there is performed acheck for whether the handle 1181 is in state of projecting. Then, in acase of the handle not being in a state of projecting out, the flowproceeds to step S134, in which there is performed a check for whetherthe cartilage conduction vibration unit 1124 is in a state of being incontact with the ear cartilage. Then, in a case in which a state ofcontact is detected, the flow proceeds to step S136. However, in a casein which it is detected in step S132 that the handle 1181 is in a stateof projecting out, the flow moves directly on to step S136.

In step S136, the outgoing-talk unit 1123 is turned on, and in stepS138, the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1124 is turned on. On theother hand, the speaker 1013 is turned off in step S140. Subsequently,proceeding on to step S142, the display of the large-screen display unit205 is set to a privacy-protection display. The privacy-protectiondisplay is a state in which either there is a predetermined display thatdoes not contain private information, or nothing is displayed at all. Atthis point in time, only the display content is altered, without thelarge-screen display unit 205 itself being turned off. After the displayhas been controlled in such a manner, the flow moves on to step S52. Acase in which the desired state already exists in step S136 to S142leads to step S52 without anything being done in these steps as aresult.

On the other hand, in a case in which there is no detection in step S134that the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1124 is in a state of beingin contact with the ear cartilage, the flow moves on to step S144, whichturns the outgoing-talk unit 1123 on; in step S146, the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1124 is turned off. Meanwhile, the speaker1013 is turned on in step S148. Subsequently, the flow proceeds to stepS150, and the display of the large-screen display unit 205 is set to anordinary display. After the display has been controlled in such amanner, the flow moves on to step S118. A case in which the desiredstate already exists in step S144 to S150 also leads to step S118,without anything being done in these steps as a result.

Steps S52 to S56, step S118, and step S34, which follow step S142; aswell as step S118 and step S34, which follow step S150, are shared withFIG. 14, and a description thereof has thereof been omitted. Upon movingon to step S118, there is performed a check for whether the call statehas been cut off; in a case in which no call state interruption isdetected, the flow returns to step S132, following which steps S132 toS150 and steps S52 to S56 are repeated. Switching between the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1124 and the speaker 1013 and also switchingthe display are thereby performed automatically, either by moving thehandle 1181 in or out or by the contact or non-contact of the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1124. In the state in which the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1124 has been turned on, switching occursautomatically between whether or not the waveform inversion signal ofone's own voice is added, which is based on the presence or absence ofthe earplug bone conduction effect.

In the repetition of the aforementioned steps, there may be an insertionin between steps S142 and S52 of a step for determining whether apredetermined period of time has passed after the display of thelarge-screen display unit 205 is initially changed to theprivacy-protection display in step S142, and also of a step for turningthe large-screen display unit 205 itself off with the purpose of savingelectricity when the predetermined period of time has passed. At thistime, in accordance therewith, there is an insertion in between stepsS148 and S150 of a step for turning the large-screen display unit 205 onwhen same has been turned off. The flow in FIG. 23 can also be used forthe eleventh embodiment in FIG. 20 by the omission of step S132.

Thirteenth Embodiment

FIG. 24 is a perspective view illustrating a thirteenth embodiment ofthe mobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention.FIG. 24A illustrates a state in which an incoming/outgoing-talk unit1281 (to be described later) is integrated with a mobile telephone 1201,and FIG. 24B illustrates a state in which the incoming/outgoing-talkunit 1281 is separated. The mobile telephone 1201 of the thirteenthembodiment assumes a state in which a cartilage conduction vibrationunit 1226 is arranged on the side surface 1007 of the mobile telephone1201 in the state in FIG. 24A. This is a point of similarity with theeleventh and twelfth embodiments. The thirteenth embodiment, being amobile telephone, is based on an integrated type with no movable partsthat is similar to the eleventh embodiment and the twelfth embodiment,and is configured as a “smartphone” having a large-screen display unit205 provided with GUI functions. There is much in common with thestructure thereof, and so corresponding portions have been given likereference numerals as in the twelfth embodiment, and a description hasbeen omitted. However, similarly with respect to the eleventh embodimentand the twelfth embodiment, the “upper part” in the thirteenthembodiment does not signify a separate upper part, but rather signifiesthe portion at the top of the integrated structure.

The thirteenth embodiment has a similar configuration to that of FIG.22A of the twelfth embodiment, except in that, in the state in FIG. 24A,the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 and an outgoing-talk unit1223 are arranged on the right when seen from FIG. 24. However, thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 is brought up against thetragus of the left ear from the state in which the large-screen displayunit 205 is being viewed, as in FIG. 24. Then, to bring the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1226 up against the tragus of the right ear,the holding hand is switched such that the mobile telephone 1201 facesbackwards, whereby the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 is madeto face the left ear. A point of difference in the thirteenth embodimentfrom the twelfth embodiment lies in that the incoming/outgoing-talk unit1281, which comprises the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 andthe outgoing-talk unit 1223, can be separated from the mobile telephone1201, as in FIG. 24B. The incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 can beinserted into and released from the mobile telephone 1201 by theoperation of an insertion/release locking button 1283. Theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 further possesses anincoming/outgoing-talk operation unit 1209, and also a controller 1239for the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 and the outgoing-talkunit 1223, the controller comprising a power supply unit. Theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 also possesses a Bluetooth™ or othershort-range communication unit 1287, which is capable of wirelesscommunication with the mobile telephone 1201 using radio waves 1285; theuser's voice, which is picked up from the outgoing-talk unit 1223, andalso information on the state of the contact of the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1226 with the ear are sent to the mobile telephone 1201,and the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 vibrates on the basisof the audio information received from the mobile telephone 1201.

The incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 separated out in the mannerdescribed above functions as a pencil incoming/outgoing-talk unit; thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 is held unrestrictedly andbrought into contact with the tragus of either the right ear or the leftear, whereby a call can take place. Increasing the contact pressure onthe tragus can yield the ear plug bone conduction effect. Theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 being in the separated state, sound canbe heard by air conduction even when either the surface around the longaxis of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 or the tip thereofis brought up against the ear. In addition to the method for using theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281, in which the incoming/outgoing-talkunit ordinarily is housed in the mobile telephone 1201 as in FIG. 24Aand is then separated out as appropriate like in FIG. 24B, there is alsoa possible method for using the incoming/outgoing-talk unit such that,in the separated state as in FIG. 24B, for example, the mobile telephone1201 being housed in an inner pocket or bag and theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 being inserted into an outer breastpocket like a pencil, only the incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 is usedfor operation and for calls to take place when outgoing and incomingcalls are made. The cartilage conduction vibration unit 1226 can alsofunction as a vibrator for incoming calls.

A pencil incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 such as in the thirteenthembodiment is not to be limited to the case of comprising a combinationwith a specialized mobile telephone 1201 having a housing unit. Forexample, a configuration as an accessory of a typical mobile telephonehaving a short-range communication function using Bluetooth™ or the likeis also possible.

Fourteenth Embodiment

FIG. 25 is a perspective view illustrating a fourteenth embodiment ofthe mobile telephone according to an aspect of the present invention.FIG. 25A illustrates the state in which an incoming/outgoing-talk unit1381 (to be described later) is housed in a mobile telephone 1301, andFIG. 25B illustrates the state in which the incoming/outgoing-talk unit1381 is pulled out. The mobile telephone 1301 of the fourteenthembodiment assumes a state in which a cartilage conduction vibrationunit 1326 is arranged on the side surface 1007 of the mobile telephone1301 in the state in FIG. 25A. This is a point of similarity with theeleventh to thirteenth embodiments. The fourteenth embodiment, being amobile telephone, is based on an integrated type with no movable partsthat is similar to the eleventh to thirteenth embodiments, and isconfigured as a “smartphone” having a large-screen display unit 205provided with GUI functions. There is much in common with the structurethereof, and so corresponding portions have been given like referencenumerals as in the thirteenth embodiment, and a description has beenomitted. However, similarly with respect to the eleventh to thirteenthembodiments, the “upper part” in the fourteenth embodiment does notsignify a separate upper part, but rather signifies the portion at thetop of the integrated structure.

The fourteenth embodiment, in the state in FIG. 25A, also has a similarconfiguration to that of FIG. 24A of the thirteenth embodiment. A pointof difference in the fourteenth embodiment from the thirteenthembodiment lies in that, as illustrated in FIG. 25B, theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1381 has a wired connection with the mobiletelephone 1301 rather than a wireless one. Similarly with respect to thethirteenth embodiment, the incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1381 can beinserted into and released from the mobile telephone 1301 by theoperation of the insertion/release locking button 1283. Theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1381 has a cable 1339 for respectivelyconnecting the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1326 with theoutgoing-talk unit 1323, and also the outgoing-talk unit 1323 with themobile telephone 1301. In the housed state in FIG. 25A, the portion ofthe cable 1339 that is between the cartilage conduction vibration unit1326 and the outgoing-talk unit 1323 is housed in a groove of the sidesurface 1007, and the portion thereof that is between the outgoing-talkunit 1323 and the mobile telephone 1301 is automatically wound up withinthe mobile telephone 1301 by a spring when the outgoing-talk unit 1323is housed. The outgoing-talk unit 1323 is also provided with a remotecontrol operation unit for operating at the time of outgoing andincoming calls. In the manner described above, in the fourteenthembodiment, the user's voice, which is picked up from the outgoing-talkunit 1323, and also information on the state of the contact of thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1326 with the ear are transmitted tothe mobile telephone 1301 by wire, and the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1326 vibrates on the basis of the audio informationreceived by wire from the mobile telephone 1301.

The incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1381 pulled out as in FIG. 25B is usedby being hooked onto the cartilage of the lower part of the entrance tothe external auditory meatus such that the portion of the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1326 is in contact with the tragus. Then, theoutgoing-talk unit 1323 in this state is located close to the mouth, andcan therefore pick up the user's voice. Holding the portion of thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1326 and increasing the contactpressure on the tragus can yield the ear plug bone conduction effect. Inaddition to the method for using the incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1381 inwhich the incoming/outgoing-talk unit ordinarily is housed in the mobiletelephone 1301 as in FIG. 25A and is then pulled out as appropriate likein FIG. 25B, there is also a possible method for using theincoming/outgoing-talk unit such that, in the state in which theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1381 is pulled out as in FIG. 25B, forexample, the mobile telephone 1301 remains housed in an inner pocket orthe like and the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1326 of theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1381 remains hooked on the ear. Thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1326 can also function as a vibratorfor incoming calls, similarly with respect to the thirteenth embodiment.

A wired earphone-type incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1381 such as in thefourteenth embodiment is not to be limited to the case of comprising acombination with a specialized mobile telephone 1301 having a housingunit. For example, a configuration as an accessory of a typical mobiletelephone having an external earphone-microphone connection terminal isalso possible.

The various features indicated in each of the embodiments describedabove are not necessarily specific in each case to an individualembodiment; the features of each of the embodiments can be combined orrearranged with the features of other embodiments as appropriate,wherever it is possible to make use of the advantages thereof.

The implementation of the variety of features indicated in each of theembodiments described above is not to be limited to the aboveembodiments; the features can be implemented in other embodiments aswell, wherever it is possible to benefit from the advantages thereof.For example, arranging the cartilage conduction vibration unit on theside surface relative to the display surface in the eleventh tofourteenth embodiments, being a configuration in which audio informationis transmitted from the tragus by cartilage conduction, can therebyfacilitate contact with the tragus and use the tragus as a conductionpoint for sound information. It is accordingly possible to achieve alistening posture free of discomfort, and approximating that of aconventional telephone in which one listens using the ear. Thetransmission of audio by cartilage conduction also does not require theformation of a closed space at the front of the entrance to the externalauditory meatus, as is the case with air conduction, and is thereforeappropriate for arrangement on the side surface. Furthermore, becauseaudio information is conducted by cartilage conduction, there is a lowpercentage of air conduction caused by the vibration of the vibrator,and sound can be transmitted to the user's external auditory meatuswithout substantial sound leakage to the exterior, even though thecartilage conduction vibration unit is arranged on the side surface ofthe mobile telephone, which is narrow. This is due to the fact that, incartilage conduction, sound does not enter the external auditory meatusas air conduction sound but rather is transmitted due to the contact ofthe sound energy with the cartilage, the sound being generatedthereafter inside the external auditory meatus by the vibration of thetissue in the ear. Accordingly, the utilization of the cartilageconduction vibration unit in the eleventh to fourteenth embodiments isalso very effective when a sound information output unit is arranged onthe side surface relative to the display surface, there being no concernthat the incoming-talk unit sound will be heard by neighboring peopledue to sound leakage, which would be annoying, nor that any sensitiveinformation will be leaked.

However, from the standpoint of benefiting from the advantage of beingable to prevent the display surface from being fouled by contact withthe ear and/or cheek when audio information is being listened to, thearrangement on the side surface relative to the display surface is notto be limited to a case in which the audio information output unit thatis to be arranged is the cartilage conduction vibration unit. Forexample, the configuration may be such that the audio information outputunit is an earphone that works by air conduction, the earphone beingprovided to the side surface relative to the display surface. Theconfiguration may also be such that the audio information output unit isa bone conduction vibration unit hitting against a bone at the front ofthe ear (the zygomatic arch), a bone at the rear of the ear (the mastoidpart), or the forehead, the unit being arranged on the side surfacerelative to the display surface. Due to the arrangement on the sidesurface relative to the display surface, the display surface will not bein contact with the ear and/or cheek when audio information is beinglistened to; therefore, even in cases where these audio informationoutput units are used, advantages can also accrue in regard to beingable to prevent fouling of the display surface. In cases in which suchunits are used, moreover, a microphone can be arranged on the sidesurface relative to the display surface in a case in which thearrangement of the earphone and/or bone conduction vibration unit islimited to one side surface, as in the twelfth to fourteenthembodiments. Similarly with respect to the eleventh to fourteenthembodiments, when the earphone is brought up against the ear for a callin a posture such as is represented in FIG. 21, or, alternatively, whenthe bone conduction vibration unit is held to a bone at the front orrear of the ear for a call, setting the display surface to aprivacy-protection display makes it possible to prevent a displaycontaining private information from being viewed by other people, eitherin the front or rear or to the left or right.

Fifteenth Embodiment

FIG. 26 is a diagram of the system of a fifteenth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention. The fifteenth embodiment isconfigured as an incoming/outgoing-talk unit for a mobile telephone, andforms a mobile telephone system together with a mobile telephone 1401.The fifteenth embodiment takes the configuration of a system in commonwith the configuration of the system in the state in which theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 is separated from the mobile telephone1201, as in FIG. 24B in the thirteenth embodiment; therefore, portionsthat are in common have been given like reference numerals, adescription thereof being omitted unless there is a particular need. Themobile telephone 1401, similarly with respect to the mobile telephone1201 of the thirteenth embodiment, is not to be limited to the case ofbeing specially configured to be used in combination with anincoming/outgoing-talk unit; rather, the case may also be one of aconfiguration as a typical mobile telephone having, for example, ashort-range communication function using Bluetooth™ or the like. Theincoming/outgoing-talk unit in such a case then assumes a configurationas an accessory of such a typical mobile telephone 1401, similarly withrespect to the thirteenth embodiment. A more detailed description ofthese two cases will be provided later.

A point of difference in the fifteenth embodiment from the thirteenthembodiment lies in that the incoming/outgoing-talk unit is configured asa headset 1481, rather than in a pencil-type format such as in thethirteenth embodiment. The incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1481 conformswith the thirteenth embodiment in being provided with an outgoing-talkunit 1423 and a cartilage conduction vibration unit 1426 comprising apiezoelectric bimorph element; in being provided with a controller 1439,which comprises a power supply unit for the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1426 and the outgoing-talk unit 1423; and in beingprovided with the incoming/outgoing-talk operation unit 1409. Theincoming/outgoing-talk unit 1481 further conforms with the thirteenthembodiment in being provided a short-range communication unit 1487compliant with Bluetooth™ or another scheme and capable of wirelesscommunication with the mobile telephone 1401 using radio waves 1285; insending to the mobile telephone 1401 the user's voice, which is pickedup from the outgoing-talk unit 1423, and also information on the stateof the contact made by the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1426 withthe ear; and in causing the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1426 tovibrate on the basis of the audio information received from the mobiletelephone 1401. There shall next be provided a description of theconfiguration specific to the fifteenth embodiment. The headset 1481 isattached to the right ear 28 by an ear-hooking unit 1489. The headset1481 is provided with a movable unit 1491 that is held by an elasticbody 1473, and the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1426 is held bythe movable unit 1491. The configuration is such that the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1426 is in contact with the tragus 32 in thestate in which the headset 1481 is attached to the right ear 28 by theear-hooking unit 1489. The elastic body 1473 makes it possible to bendthe movable unit 1491 in the direction of the tragus 32, and alsofunctions as a cushioning material for the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1426, protecting the cartilage conduction vibration unit1426 against mechanical impact due to the headset 1481.

Sound information can be listened to via ordinary cartilage conductionin the state in FIG. 26. However, when listening comprehension of soundinformation is impaired due to environment noise, the movable unit 1491is pushed from the exterior and thereby bent, and the pressure contactof the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1426 on the tragus 32 isincreased, whereby the tragus 32 is made to block the hole of the ear.The ear plug conduction effect, which has also been described in theother embodiments, can thereby be generated, and even louder audioinformation can be transmitted. Obstructing the hole of the ear with thetragus 32 further allows environment noise to be blocked. Information onone's own voice, which is picked up from the outgoing-talk unit 1423, isalso subjected to phase inversion on the basis of the mechanicaldetection of the bent state of the movable unit 1491, and is thentransmitted to the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1426, to cancelout one's own voice. A more detailed description of the merits or otheradvantageous attributes thereof has been described in the otherembodiments, and thus has been omitted.

Sixteenth Embodiment

FIG. 27 is a diagram of the system of a sixteenth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention. The sixteenth embodiment is alsoconfigured as a headset 1581 for creating an incoming/outgoing-talk unitfor the mobile telephone 1401, similarly with respect to the fifteenthembodiment, and forms a mobile telephone system together with the mobiletelephone 1401. The sixteenth embodiment has much in common with thefifteenth embodiment, and therefore parts that are in common have beengiven like reference numerals, and a description thereof has beenomitted unless there is a particular need. The mobile telephone 1401, ashas been described in the fifteenth embodiment, may in some cases have aspecial configuration, and may in other cases be configured as a typicalmobile telephone. A description of these two cases will be providedlater.

A point of difference in the sixteenth embodiment from the fifteenthembodiment lies in that the entirety of a movable unit 1591 is madeusing an elastic material that has acoustic impedance approximating thatof ear cartilage (a silicone rubber; a mixture of a silicone rubber anda butadiene rubber; a natural rubber; or a structure formed using thesevarieties of rubber in which air bubbles are sealed). A cartilageconduction vibration unit 1526, which comprises a piezoelectric bimorphelement or the like, is embedded inside the movable unit 1591, similarlywith respect to the eighth embodiment. Such a configuration allows themovable unit 1591, including the cartilage conduction vibration unit1526, to be bent toward the tragus 32 under its own elasticity. Althoughomitted from the diagrams for simplicity, the circuit portions of thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1526, the controller 1439, and thelike are connected by a connection wire similar to the flexibleconnection wire 769 in FIG. 17C.

In the sixteenth embodiment, the movable unit 1591 is in contact withthe tragus 32 in the state represented in FIG. 27; sound informationfrom the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1526 is conducted to thetragus 32 by cartilage conduction via the elastic material of themoveable unit 1591. The benefits from such a configuration are similarto those described in the fifth to tenth embodiments. Furthermore, whenlistening comprehension of sound information is impaired due toenvironment noise, the movable unit 1591 is pushed from the exterior andthereby bent, and the pressure contact of the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1526 on the tragus 32 is increased, whereby the tragus 32is made to block the hole of the ear. The ear plug conduction effect canthereby be generated, and even louder sound information can thereby betransmitted, similarly with respect to the fifteenth embodiment. Thefact that environment noise can be blocked by the obstruction of thehole of the ear by the tragus 32 is also similar to the fifteenthembodiment. Another similarity with the fifteenth embodiment is the factthat information on one's own voice, which is picked up from theoutgoing-talk unit 1423, can also be subjected to phase inversion on thebasis of the mechanical detection of the bent state of the movable unit1591 and then transmitted to the cartilage conduction vibration unit1526 to cancel out one's own voice.

Furthermore, in the sixteenth embodiment, because the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1526 is embedded inside the movable unit 1591,the elastic material constituting the movable unit 1591 functions as acushioning material for protecting the cartilage conduction vibrationunit 1526 against mechanical impact to the headset 1581 and also forfurther protecting the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1526 againstmechanical impact to the movable unit 1591 itself.

FIG. 28 is a block diagram of the sixteenth embodiment, identicalportions being given identical reference numerals to those in FIG. 27.Also, because the configuration of the block diagram has many portionsin common with the fourth embodiment, corresponding portions are eachassigned the same reference numerals as each respective part. Also, adescription has been omitted for these identical or shared portions,unless there is a particular need. In the sixteenth embodiment, theincoming-talk-processing unit 212 and the earphone 213 in FIG. 28correspond to the incoming-talk unit 13 in FIG. 27, and theoutgoing-talk-processing unit 222 and the microphone 223 in FIG. 28correspond to the outgoing-talk unit 23 in FIG. 27. Similarly withrespect to the fourth embodiment, the outgoing-talk-processing unit 222transmits a part of the audio from the operator picked up by themicrophone 223 to the incoming-talk-processing unit 212 as sidetone, andthe incoming-talk-processing unit 212 superimposes the operator's ownsidetone onto the voice of the calling party from the telephonecommunication unit 47 and outputs same to the earphone 213, whereby thebalance between the bone conduction and air conduction of one's ownvoice in the state in which the mobile telephone 1401 is brought upagainst an ear is made to approximate a natural state.

A point of difference in the block diagram of the sixteenth embodimentin FIG. 28 from the block diagram of the fourth embodiment in FIG. 8lies in that the mobile telephone 301 of the fourth embodiment in FIG. 8is divided in the sixteenth embodiment of FIG. 28 into the mobiletelephone 1401 and the headset 1581 for creating theincoming/outgoing-talk unit. Specifically, FIG. 28 corresponds to ablock diagram of the case in the sixteenth embodiment in which themobile telephone 1401 is specially configured to be used in combinationwith the headset 1581.

More specifically, in FIG. 28, the output of the phase adjustment mixerunit 236 is wirelessly sent externally by a short-range communicationunit 1446 using Bluetooth™ or the like. The short-range communicationunit 1446 also inputs audio signals received wirelessly from an externalmicrophone into the outgoing-talk-processing unit 222. Furthermore,although a depiction and description has been omitted in the otherembodiments, FIG. 28 depicts a power supply unit 1448, which has astorage battery for supplying power to the entire mobile telephone 1401.

On the other hand, the configuration of the headset 1581 has ashort-range communication unit 1487 for intercommunication with theshort-range communication unit 1446 of the mobile telephone 1401 usingradio waves 1285, and also has a power supply unit 1548 for supplyingpower to the entire headset 1581. The power supply unit 1548 suppliespower by a replaceable battery or by a built-in storage battery. Thecontroller 1439 of the headset 1581 wirelessly sends audio picked upfrom the outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1423 to the mobile telephone1401 from the short-range communication unit 1487, and also controls thedrive of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1526 on the basis ofaudio information that has been received by the short-rangecommunication unit 1487. Furthermore, the controller 1439 transmits anoperation to receive an incoming call or to send an outgoing call, whichis performed by the operation unit 1409, to the mobile telephone 1401from the short-range communication unit 1487. A bending detection unit1588 mechanically detects the bent state of the movable unit 1591, andthe controller 1439 transmits the bending detection information from theshort-range communication unit 1487 to the mobile telephone 1401. Thebending detection unit 1588 can comprise, for example, a switch that isturned on mechanically when the bending reaches or exceeds apredetermined angle. The controller 239 of the mobile telephone 1401controls the phase adjustment mixer unit 236 on the basis of the bendingdetection information received by the short-range communication unit1446, and determines whether or not to add, to the audio informationfrom the incoming-talk-processing unit 212, the signal of the waveforminverter 240 that is based on one's own voice transmitted from theoutgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1423 to the outgoing-talk-processingunit 222.

Seventeenth Embodiment

FIG. 29 is a block diagram of the case in which, in the sixteenthembodiment of FIG. 27, the mobile telephone 1401 is configured as atypical mobile telephone, and the headset 1581 is configured as anaccessory thereof; the diagram serves to provide a description as theseventeenth embodiment in order to avoid confusion with FIG. 28. Theconfiguration of FIG. 29 has much in common with FIG. 28, and thereforeidentical parts have been given reference numerals identical to those inFIG. 28, a description thereof having been omitted unless there is aparticular need.

As described above, the mobile telephone 1601 in the seventeenthembodiment in FIG. 29 is configured as a typical mobile telephonecomprising a short-range communication function using Bluetooth™ or thelike. Specifically, the short-range communication unit 1446 inputs tothe outgoing-talk-processing unit 222 audio information from an externalmicrophone that is similar to what is inputted from the microphone 223,and also externally outputs audio information that is similar to what isoutputted to the earphone 213. The controller 239 is used to switch theaudio information that is inputted from and outputted to externalelements through the short-range communication unit 1446 relative to theinternal microphone 223 and earphone 213. As described above, in theseventeenth embodiment of FIG. 29, the functions of the acousticsadjustment unit 238, the waveform inverter 240, and the phase adjustmentmixer unit 236 in the sixteenth embodiment in FIG. 28 are transferred tothe headset 1681.

In accordance therewith, the configuration of the headset 1681 in theseventeenth embodiment of FIG. 29 differs from that of the sixteenthembodiment in FIG. 28 on the following points. The configuration is suchthat, although listening audio information received using theshort-range communication unit 1487 by the control of a controller 1639of the headset 1681 is inputted to the phase adjustment mixer unit 1636,audio information from the waveform inverter 1640 can also additionallybe inputted thereto. Also, according to need, the phase adjustment mixerunit 1636 mixes the audio information from the waveform inverter 1640into the received listening audio information and drives a cartilageconduction vibration unit 1626. More specifically, a part of the audiofrom the operator that has been picked up by the outgoing-talk unit(microphone) 1423 is inputted to the acoustics adjustment unit 1638, andthe acoustics of one's own voice to be transmitted to the cochlea from acartilage conduction vibration unit 1628, which comprises the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1626, are adjusted to acoustics approximatingthe operator's own voice transmitted to the cochlea by conduction in thebody from the vocal cords when the ear plug bone conduction effect isgenerated, and the two are effectively canceled out. The waveforminverter 1640 subjects one's own voice, which has undergone acousticadjustment in this manner, to waveform inversion, and outputs the sameaccording to need to the phase adjustment mixer unit 1636.

The mixing control shall now be described in detail. When the bending ofthe movable unit 1591 detected by the bending detection unit 1588reaches or exceeds a predetermined angle and a state is in effect inwhich the hole of the ear is obstructed by the tragus, which is pushedthereby, the phase adjustment mixer unit 1636 mixes the output from thewaveform inverter 1640 and drives the cartilage conduction vibrationunit 1628, depending on an instruction from the controller 1639. Theexcessive amount of one's own voice that occurs during the earplug boneconduction effect is thereby cancelled out, thus easing the discomfort.At this time, the degree of cancellation is regulated such that anamount of one's own voice equivalent to the sidetone remains withoutbeing cancelled out. On the other hand, when the bending detection unit1588 does not detect a predetermined or greater amount of bending, thestate in effect is one in which the hole of the ear is not obstructed bythe tragus and the earplug bone conduction effect is not created;therefore, the phase adjustment mixer unit 1636 does not mix thewaveform inversion output of one's own voice from the waveform inverter1640, on the basis of an instruction from the controller 1639. Similarlywith respect to the fourth embodiment, the configuration of theseventeenth embodiment of FIG. 29 may invert the positions of theacoustics adjustment unit 1638 and the waveform inverter 1640.Furthermore, the acoustics adjustment unit 1638 and the waveforminverter 1640 may be integrated as a function within the phaseadjustment mixer unit 1636. It is a point of similarity with thesixteenth embodiment that the controller 1639 transmits an operation toreceive an incoming call or to send an outgoing call, which is performedby the operation unit 1409, to the mobile telephone 1601 from theshort-range communication unit 1487.

The block diagrams in FIGS. 28 and 29 can be applied not only to theconfiguration of the system diagram in FIG. 27, but also the systemdiagram of the fifteenth embodiment in FIG. 26. They can also be appliedto the thirteenth embodiment of FIG. 24 and the fourteenth embodiment ofFIG. 25 when the bending detection unit 1588 is read as the pressuresensor 242 as in FIG. 8. However, in the case of a reading as thethirteenth embodiment, in the case in which the incoming/outgoing-talkunit 1281 is incorporated into the mobile telephone 1201 as in FIG. 24A,a contact unit for directly connecting the two is provided to the mobiletelephone 1201 and the incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281. In the state inFIG. 24A, the wireless communication exchange between the mobiletelephone 1201 and the incoming/outgoing-talk unit 1281 by a short-rangecommunication unit is automatically switched to communication via such acontact unit. In the case of a reading as the fourteenth embodiment, aconnector contact for establishing a wired connection between the two isprovided to the mobile telephone 1301 and the incoming/outgoing-talkunit 1381 instead of the short-range communication unit.

FIG. 30 is a flow chart of the operation of the controller 1639 of theheadset 1681 in the seventeenth embodiment of FIG. 29. The flow in FIG.30 starts when the primary power supply is turned on by the operationunit 1409; in step S162, there is performed a check for initial startupand for the functions of each unit. Next, in step S164, there is aninstruction for a short-range communication connection with the mobiletelephone 1601, and the flow moves on to step S166. When a short-rangecommunication is established on the basis of the instruction in stepS164, the headset 1681 enters a state of constant connection with themobile telephone 1601 unless the primary power supply is subsequentlyturned off. In step S166, there is performed a check for whethershort-range communication with the mobile telephone 1601 has beenestablished; the flow moves on to step S168 when establishment isconfirmed.

In step S168, there is performed a check for whether or not an incomingsignal from the mobile telephone 1601 has been transmitted through ashort-range communication. Then, when there is an incoming signal, theflow proceeds to step S170, in which a drive is performed such that thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1626 has an incoming signalvibration. This incoming signal vibration may have an audible frequency,or may vibrate in a low frequency region with a large enough amplitudethat the vibration can be felt with the tragus 32. Next, in step S172,there is performed a check for whether an incoming signal has beenstopped by an outgoing call stop operation or the like from the partymaking the call; when there is no stop, the flow proceeds to step S174,in which there is performed a check for whether there has been areceiving operation by the operation unit 1409. Then, when there is areceiving operation, the flow moves on to step S176. On the other hand,when there is no receiving operation in step S174, the flow returns tostep S170, following which a loop of steps S170 to S174 is repeatedunless either the incoming signal vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1626 is stopped or a receiving operation is performed.

On the other hand, in a case in which no incoming signal is detected instep S168, the flow moves on to step S178, in which there is performed acheck for whether there has been a one-touch outgoing call operation toa registered call destination by the operation unit 1409. The flowproceeds to step S180 when an outgoing call operation is detected; theoutgoing call operation is transmitted to the mobile telephone 1601 tomake an outgoing call, and there is performed a check for whether or nota signal to the effect that a call connection has been established by aresponse from the other party thereto has been transmitted from themobile telephone 1601. When it is confirmed that a call connection hasbeen established in step S180, the flow moves on to step S176.

In step S176, the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1626 is turned onin order for audio information to be listened to, and in step S182 theoutgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1423 is turned on in order for speakingto be performed; the flow then moves on to step S184. In step S184,there is performed a check for whether it has been detected that themovable unit 1591 is bent at or above a predetermined angle. Whenbending has been detected, the flow then proceeds to step S186, in whichthe waveform inversion signal of one's own voice is added to thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1626; the flow then moves on to stepS188. On the other hand, when there is no detection in step S184 thatthe bending is at or above the predetermined angle, the flow moves on tostep S190, and then on to step S188 without the waveform inversionsignal of one's own voice being added to the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1626. In step S188, there is performed a check forwhether or not a signal to the effect that the call state has been cutoff has been received from the mobile telephone 1601; when the call hasnot been cut off, the flow returns to step S176, following which stepsS176 to S188 are repeated until a call interruption is detected in stepS188. Support is thereby provided for the generation and elimination ofthe earplug bone conduction effect that is based on the bending of themovable unit 1591 during a call.

On the other hand, when it is detected in step S188 that a callinterruption signal has been received from the mobile telephone 1601,the flow proceeds to step S192, in which listening using the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1626 is turned off and speaking using theoutgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1423 is turned off; the flow then moveson to step S194. In step S194, there is performed a check for whether ano-call state has continued for a predetermined period of time orlonger; when this is true, the flow moves on to step S196. In step S196,there is a shift to a power-saving standby state, such as one in whichthe clock frequency is lowered to the minimum level required to maintainthe standby state of the short-range communication unit 1487; processingis also done to permit an interruption for reinstating the short-rangecommunication unit 1487 to an ordinary call state, in response to thereceipt of an incoming call signal from the mobile telephone 1601 or anoutgoing call operation of the operation unit 1409. Then, after suchprocessing, the flow moves on to step S198. On the other hand, whenthere is no detection in step S194 of a no-call state lasting apredetermined period of time or longer, the flow moves directly on tostep S198. However, the flow also moves directly on to step S198 when itis not possible in step S166 to confirm that short-range communicationhas been established, or when there is no detection in step S178 of anoutgoing call operation, or when it is not possible in step S180 toconfirm that a telephone connection has been established.

In step S198, there is performed a check for whether the primary powersupply has been turned off by the operation unit 1409, the flow beingterminated in a case in which it is detected that the primary powersupply has been turned off. On the other hand, in a case in which it isnot detected that the primary power supply has been turned off, the flowreturns to step S166, following which steps S166 to S198 are repeateduntil primary power supply is turned off, to support various changes tothe state of the headset 1681.

The flow in FIG. 30 can be applied not only to the configuration of thesystem diagram in FIG. 27, but also to the system diagram of thefifteenth embodiment in FIG. 26. The same can also be applied to thethirteenth embodiment in FIG. 24 or to the fourteenth embodiment in FIG.25 when the “bending detection” in step S184 is read as a detection ofthe presence or absence of the state in which the “earplug boneconduction effect” is generated, as in step S52 of FIG. 10.

Eighteenth Embodiment

FIG. 31 is a flow chart of the controller of a headset in which, insteadof having the bending be detected by a mechanical switch in theseventeenth embodiment of FIG. 30, the configuration is such that sameis achieved using software; the description is provided as an eighteenthembodiment, in order to avoid confusion with FIG. 30. Steps that FIG. 31has in common with FIG. 30 have been given like step reference numerals,a description thereof having been omitted unless there is a particularneed. FIG. 31 uses boldface print and bold frames to illustrate pointsof difference, and thus the following description focuses on theseportions. More specifically, the eighteenth embodiment is configuredsuch that, with the assumption that the cartilage conduction vibrationunit 1626 is a piezoelectric bimorph element and conforming to thefourth embodiment in FIG. 9, a signal appearing on a signal wire forconnecting the phase adjustment mixer unit 1636 and the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1626 is monitored, and changes in the signalappearing for the cartilage conduction vibration unit (which is apiezoelectric bimorph element) 1626 are monitored by the strain that isbased on the operational impact from the bending of the movable unit1591 or at the moment of recovery from the bending thereof. The signalchange is then processed by software, whereby the bending state isdetected.

On the basis of the assumption above, there shall now be provided adescription of how FIG. 31 is different from FIG. 30. First, step S200is depicted by the consolidation of steps S170 to S174, step S178, andstep S180 in FIG. 30, the content thereof being identical. Then, when atelephone connection is established on the basis of an operation toreceive an incoming call or of the response of the other party to anoutgoing call, the flow moves on to step S176; when there is notelephone connection, the flow moves on to step S198.

Steps S202 to S210 are steps that relate to detecting bending; oncesteps S182 to S202 are reached, first, a signal appearing on the inputterminal of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1626 (the signalwire connecting the phase adjustment mixer unit 1636 and the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1626) is sampled. In step S204, drive outputof the cartilage conduction unit going from the controller 1639 to thephase adjustment mixer unit 1636 at the same timing is sampled at thesame timing. Subsequently, in step S206, the difference between thesesampling values is calculated, and in step S208, there is a detectionfor whether the calculated difference is at or above a predeterminedvalue. This function corresponds to the function of the pressure sensor242 in FIG. 9, but whereas the pressure state is continuously detectedby the pressure sensor 242 of FIG. 9, the system in FIG. 27 usesoperational impact from bending or at the moment of recovery frombending to perceive changes to the bending state.

When it is detected in step S208 that the two sampling values havegenerated a difference at or above the predetermined value, the flowmoves on to step S210. It is not known at the stage in step S208 whetherthe difference in the two sampling values at or above the predeterminedvalue has been generated due to bending or has been generated due torecovery from bending. However, after the cartilage conduction vibrationunit 1626 has been turned on in step S176, there is a check in step S210for whether the number of times a difference has been generated is anodd number, on the basis of the difference generation history. When thenumber of times is an odd number, the flow moves on to step S186, andwhen the number of times is an even number, the flow moves on step S190.Because the movable unit 1591 necessarily alternates between bending andrecovering from bending, there can be an alternation between whether ornot the phase-inverted signal of one's own voice is added each timethere is an operational impact in the manner described above. However,the difference generation history can be reset using the operation unit1409 in the event that the difference count is ever inverted by amistaken operation.

Step S212 is depicted by the consolidation of step S194 and step S196 inFIG. 30, the content thereof being identical. As described above,similarly with respect to the fourth embodiment and the like, the sensorfunction of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1626 itself isutilized in the eighteenth embodiment to detect the bending of themovable unit 1591, whereby the state in which the earplug boneconduction effect occurs is determined to be in effect. The flow of FIG.31 can be applied not only to the configuration of the system diagram inFIG. 27, but also to the system diagram of the fifteenth embodiment inFIG. 26. Also, in a case such as in the fifth to tenth embodiments, inwhich the cartilage conduction vibration unit is held by an elasticbody, the scheme in FIG. 31 for detecting the occurrence of the earplugbone conduction effect can also be utilized in a case in which there isno continuous strain on the cartilage conduction vibration unit in thestate in which the earplug bone conduction effect occurs.

Nineteenth Embodiment

FIG. 32 is a structural diagram illustrating the system of thenineteenth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention.The nineteenth embodiment is also configured as anincoming/outgoing-talk unit for a mobile telephone, and together withthe mobile telephone 1401 creates a mobile telephone system. In thenineteenth embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 32, theincoming/outgoing-talk unit is configured as eyeglasses 1781. Becausethe nineteenth embodiment assumes a system configuration in common withthat of the fifteenth embodiment, common parts have been given likereference numerals; in a case in which there is no particulardescription, that configuration is shared with that of the fifteenthembodiment. Also, in the nineteenth embodiment as well, the mobiletelephone 1401 may in some cases have a special configuration to be usedin combination with the eyeglasses 1781 creating anincoming/outgoing-talk unit, and may in other cases be configured as atypical mobile telephone having a short-range communication function. Inthe latter case, the eyeglasses 1781 take on a configuration as anaccessory of the mobile telephone 1401, similarly with respect to thefifteenth embodiment.

In the nineteenth embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 32, a movable unit1791 is rotatably attached to the temple piece of the eyeglasses 1781;in the state depicted, a cartilage conduction vibration unit 1726 is incontact with the tragus 32 of the right ear 28. The movable unit 1791can be rotationally withdrawn to a position along the temple of theeyeglasses 1781 as indicated by the single-dotted line 1792 in a case inwhich same is not to be used. The cartilage conduction vibration unit1726 can be made to vibrate at low frequency in this withdrawn state aswell; it can thereby be known that there is an incoming call when thevibration of the temple of the eyeglasses 1781 is felt on the face. Theoutgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723 is arranged at the front portion ofthe temple of the eyeglasses 1781. The controller 1739, which comprisesa power supply unit, is arranged at the portion of the temple on theeyeglasses 1781, and controls the cartilage conduction vibration unit1726 the outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723. A Bluetooth™ or othertype of short-range communication unit 1787, which is capable ofwireless communication with the mobile telephone 1401 by radio waves1285, is further arranged at the portion of the temple on the eyeglasses1781, sending audio from the user, which is picked up by theoutgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723, to the mobile telephone 1401, andalso making it possible to cause the cartilage conduction vibration unit1726 to vibrate on the basis of the audio information that is receivedfrom the mobile telephone 1401. The rear end part of the temple of theeyeglasses 1781 is provided with an incoming/outgoing-talk operationunit 1709. Since the temple of the eyeglasses 1781 is a portion thatcomes against a bone at the rear of the ear 28 (the mastoid part), it issupported in a backed state, and incoming/outgoing-talk operations, suchas pressing on the temple from the front side, can be easily performedwithout causing the eyeglasses 1781 to deform. The arrangement of eachof the aforementioned elements is not to be limited to the descriptionabove; all or a part of the elements may be integrated in the movableunit 1791 as appropriate.

The movable unit 1791, having an elastic body 1773 interposed partwaytherealong, is pushed from the outside and caused to bend when listeningcomprehension of audio information is impaired by environment noise; thecartilage conduction vibration unit 1726 is then pushed on the tragus 32with greater pressure, whereby the tragus 32 more readily obstructs thehole of the ear. The ear plug conduction effect, which has also beendescribed in the other embodiments, can thereby be generated, and evenlouder audio information can thereby be transmitted. Information onone's own voice, which is picked up from the outgoing-talk unit(microphone) 1723, is also subjected to phase inversion on the basis ofthe mechanical detection of the bent state of the movable unit 1791. Theinformation is then transmitted to the cartilage conduction vibrationunit 1726, and one's own voice is canceled out. These are points incommon with the fifteenth embodiment.

The block diagrams of FIGS. 28 and 29 can be applied to the nineteenthembodiment by reading “headset” as “eyeglasses.” The flow charts ofFIGS. 30 and 31 can also be applied to the nineteenth embodiment.

Twentieth Embodiment

FIG. 33 is a diagram of the system of the twentieth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention. The twentieth embodiment is alsoconfigured as an incoming/outgoing-talk unit for a mobile telephone, andtogether with the mobile telephone 1401 creates a mobile telephonesystem. The twentieth embodiment takes the configuration of a system incommon with that of the nineteenth embodiment in FIG. 32; therefore,portions that are in common have been given like reference numerals, adescription thereof being omitted unless there is a particular need.Also similarly with respect to the nineteenth embodiment, the mobiletelephone 1401 in the twentieth embodiment as well may in some caseshave a special configuration to be used in combination with a pair ofeyeglasses 1881 creating an incoming/outgoing-talk unit, and may inother cases be configured as a typical mobile telephone having ashort-range communication function. In the latter case, the eyeglasses1881 take on a configuration as an accessory of the mobile telephone1401, similarly with respect to the nineteenth embodiment.

A point of difference in the twentieth embodiment from the nineteenthembodiment lies in that the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1826 isprovided within an ear-hook unit 1893, by which the temple of theeyeglasses 1881 comes up against the base of the ear 28. As a resultthereof, the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1826is transmitted to the outer side 1828 of the cartilage of the base ofthe ear 28; air conduction sound is generated from the inner wall of theexternal auditory meatus for transmission to the tympanic membrane viathe cartilage around the entrance to the external auditory meatus, and apart is also transmitted directly to the inner ear through thecartilage. The outer side 1828 of the cartilage of the base of the ear28, against which the temple of the eyeglasses 1881 comes, being closeto the inner entrance of the external auditory meatus, is suitable forgenerating air conduction to the interior of the external auditorymeatus from the cartilage around the entrance to the external auditorymeatus and for direct conduction to the inner ear through the cartilage.

The ear-hook unit 1893 is further provided with an ear pushing detectionunit 1888 at the portion coming up against the rear side of the earlobe. The ear pushing detection unit 188 mechanically detects the statein which the ear lobe is pushed due to the palm of the hand comingagainst the ear 28 when there is loud external noise, in order to blocksame; the controller 1739 transmits this ear pushing detectioninformation to the mobile telephone 1401 from the short-rangecommunication unit 1787. The ear pushing detection unit 1888 can be madeof, for example, a switch that is mechanically turned on when pushed bythe rear side of the ear lobe. The controller 239 of the mobiletelephone 1401 (in the case in which the configuration calls on that ofFIG. 28) controls the phase adjustment mixer unit 236 on the basis ofthe bending detection information received by the short-rangecommunication unit 1446, and determines whether or not to add, to theaudio information from the incoming-talk-processing unit 212, the signalof the waveform inverter 240 that is based on one's own voicetransmitted from the microphone 1723 to the outgoing-talk-processingunit 222 via the short-range communication unit 1446. A configurationrelating to a countermeasure for when the earplug bone conduction effectis generated, similarly with respect to the nineteenth embodiment, canalso be configured by calling on FIG. 29.

Twenty-first Embodiment

FIG. 34 is a side view of the elements of the twenty-first embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention. The twenty-firstembodiment is also configured as an incoming/outgoing-talk unit for amobile telephone, and together with the mobile telephone 1401 (notshown) creates a mobile telephone system, similarly with respect to thetwentieth embodiment. The twenty-first embodiment takes theconfiguration of a system analogous to that of the twentieth embodimentin FIG. 33; therefore, portions that are in common have been given likereference numerals, a description thereof being omitted unless there isa particular need. More specifically, a point of difference is that,whereas the incoming/outgoing-talk unit of the twentieth embodiment isconfigured as specialized eyeglasses, the incoming/outgoing-talk unit ofFIG. 34 is configured as an eyeglasses attachment 1981 that can beattached to an ear-hook unit 1900 of the temple of ordinary eyeglasses.The configuration is otherwise consistent with that of the twentiethembodiment in FIG. 33. Also similarly with respect to the twentiethembodiment, the mobile telephone 1401 (not shown) in the twenty-firstembodiment may in some cases have a special configuration to be used incombination with the eyeglasses attachment 1981 creating anincoming/outgoing-talk unit, and may in other cases be configured as atypical mobile telephone having a short-range communication function. Inthe latter case, the eyeglasses attachment 1981 takes on a configurationas an accessory of the mobile telephone 1401, similarly with respect tothe twentieth embodiment.

The eyeglasses attachment 1981 is molded as a one-size-fits-all elasticbody cover capable of covering the variously sized and/or shapedear-hook unit 1900; when the ear-hook unit 1900 is inserted from theopening of one end thereof, the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1926comes into contact with the top side of the ear-hook unit 1900. Thiscontact may be achieved directly or via the coating of the elastic bodyof the eyeglasses attachment 1981. For this purpose, the elastic body ispreferably selected to be of a material having an acoustic impedancethat approximates that of ear cartilage. The aforementioned direct orindirect contact transmits the vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1926 to the ear-hook unit 1900, the vibration thereofthen being transmitted to the outer side of the base of the ear 28;therefore, similarly with respect to the twentieth embodiment, airconduction sound is generated from the inner wall of the externalauditory meatus for transmission to the tympanic membrane via thecartilage around the entrance to the external auditory meatus, and apart is also transmitted directly to the inner ear through thecartilage.

Each of the outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723, the controller 1739,the short-range communication unit 1787, the incoming/outgoing-talkoperation unit 1709, and the ear pushing detection unit 1888 provided tothe eyeglasses 1881 in the twentieth embodiment is arranged within theeyeglasses attachment 1981 in the twenty-first embodiment in FIG. 34;however, the functions thereof are shared and therefore a descriptionhas been omitted. Although not depicted, in a case in which, forexample, the ear-hook unit 1900 on the right is covered with theeyeglasses attachment 1981, a dummy cover molded from an elastic bodyhaving the same outer shape, material, and weight is provided as anear-hook unit on the left. Covering the eyeglasses attachment 1981 makesit possible to keep the left-right balance when the eyeglasses are worn.Since the eyeglasses attachment 1981 and the dummy cover are moldedusing the same elastic body, they can accordingly be configured suchthat each can be worn as desired as either the left or right ear-hookunit by being slightly deformed. For example, as the inverse of thedescription above, the left ear-hook unit can be covered with theeyeglasses attachment 1981 and the right ear-hook unit can be coveredwith the dummy cover. There is accordingly no need to market anassortment of eyeglasses attachments 1981 for either right ear use orleft ear use.

Twenty-Second Embodiment

FIG. 35 is a top view of the twenty-second embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention. The twenty-second embodiment is alsoconfigured as an incoming/outgoing-talk unit for a mobile telephone, andtogether with the mobile telephone 1401 (not shown) creates a mobiletelephone system, similarly with respect to the twenty-first embodiment.The twenty-second embodiment takes the configuration of a systemanalogous to that of the twenty-first embodiment in FIG. 34; therefore,portions that are in common have been given like reference numerals, adescription thereof being omitted unless there is a particular need. Theincoming/outgoing-talk unit of the twenty-second embodiment, similarlywith respect to the twenty-first embodiment, is also configured as aneyeglasses attachment 2081 that is molded as a one-size-fits-all elasticbody cover capable of covering the variously sized and/or shapedear-hook unit 1900 in ordinary eyeglasses.

A point of difference in the twenty-second embodiment in FIG. 35 fromthe twenty-first embodiment in FIG. 34 lies in that each of theconstituent elements of the incoming/outgoing-talk unit, which in thetwenty-first embodiment are arranged concentratedly in the eyeglassesattachment 1981, one side of which is covered with the ear-hook unit1900, are distributed in the left and right ear-hook unit 1900. Morespecifically, the eyeglasses attachment 2081 of the twenty-secondembodiment is made of a right-side elastic body cover 2082, a left-sideelastic body cover 2084, and a dual-purpose glass-cord cable 2039 forconnecting same to be able to communicate via a wire; each of theconstituent elements of the incoming/outgoing-talk unit being arrangedin a distributed fashion therein. For convenience of description, theelastic body cover 2082 is intended for use on the right ear and theelastic body cover 2084 is intended for use on the left ear, but each ofthe ear-hook units 1900 can be covered with this pair of elastic bodycovers in a left-right inversion.

In the aforementioned basic configuration, the cartilage conductionvibration unit 1926, the incoming/outgoing-talk operation unit 1709, andthe ear pushing detection unit 1888 are arranged on the right-sideelastic body cover 2082. Similarly with respect to the twenty-firstembodiment, the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration unit1926 is thereby transmitted to the cartilage around the opening of theexternal auditory meatus via the ear-hook unit 1900. Air conductionsound is generated from the wall inside the external auditory meatus andtransmitted to the tympanic membrane, and a part is transmitted directlyto the inner ear through the cartilage.

On the other hand, the outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723, thecontroller 1739, and the short-range communication unit 1787 arearranged on the left-side elastic body cover 2084. The dual-useglass-cord cable 2039 has a glass cord design so that the eyeglasses canbe hung on the neck when removed, and functions through wiring thatconnects each of the constituent elements of the incoming/outgoing-talkunit, which are arranged in a distributed fashion in the right-sideelastic body cover 2082 and the left-side elastic body cover 2084.Connecting the right-side elastic body cover 2082 and the left-sideelastic body cover 2084 using the dual-use glass-cord cable 2039prevents one side from being misplaced when removed from the eyeglasses.

Twenty-third Embodiment

FIG. 36 is a block diagram of the twenty-third embodiment according toan aspect of the present invention. The twenty-third embodiment,similarly with respect to either the nineteenth embodiment or thetwentieth embodiment, includes eyeglasses 2181 configured as anincoming/outgoing-talk unit for a mobile telephone, and together withthe mobile telephone 1401 (not shown) creates a mobile telephone system.Similarly with respect to the twenty-second embodiment, each elementconstituting the incoming/outgoing-talk unit in the twenty-thirdembodiment is arranged in a distributed fashion to a right temple unit2182 and a left temple unit 2184. The individual constituent elementsand the functions thereof can be understood in accordance with the blockdiagram of the seventeenth embodiment in FIG. 29 and that of the topview of the twenty-second embodiment in FIG. 35; therefore, portionsthat are in common have been given like reference numerals, adescription thereof being omitted unless there is a particular need. Inthe twenty-third embodiment as well, the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration unit 1826 arranged at the right temple unit 2182 istransmitted to the outer side of the cartilage of the base of the ear28; this causes the cartilage around the entrance to the externalauditory meatus to vibrate, whereby air conduction sound generated fromthe wall inside the external auditory meatus is transmitted to thetympanic membrane, and a part of the cartilage vibration is directlytransmitted to the inner ear through the cartilage.

The twenty-third embodiment in FIG. 36 further has a configuration forvisualizing a three-dimensional (“3D”) image received from the mobiletelephone 1401 in a lens unit 2186. The lens unit 2186 of the eyeglasses2181 is provided with a right lens 2110 and a left lens 2114 originallyintended for eyeglasses, and functions as ordinary eyeglasses.Furthermore, when the short-range communication unit 1787 receives 3Dimage information from the mobile telephone 1401, the controller 1639instructs a 3D display drive unit 2115 to display same. The 3D displaydrive unit 2115, on the basis thereof, causes a right eye image and lefteye image to be displayed on a right display unit 2118 and a leftdisplay unit 2122, respectively. These images are imaged on the retinasof the right eye and the left eye by a right eye light-guiding opticalsystem 2129 and a left eye light-guiding optical system 2141, whichcomprise an imaging lens, a half mirror, and other components; and itwill be possible to appreciate the 3D image in an aesthetic sense. This3D image is viewed in a form that is synthesized with or superimposed ona raw image that enters the retinas from the right lens 2110 and theleft lens 2114.

Twenty-fourth Embodiment

FIG. 37 is a diagram of the system of the twenty-fourth embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention. The twenty-fourthembodiment is also configured as an incoming/outgoing-talk unit for amobile telephone, and together with the mobile telephone 1401 creates amobile telephone system. The incoming/outgoing-talk unit of thetwenty-fourth embodiment, although being configured as a ear-hook unit2281 used for hearing aids or the like, otherwise takes theconfiguration of a system in common with that of the twentiethembodiment in FIG. 33; therefore, portions that are in common have beengiven like reference numerals, a description thereof being omittedunless there is a particular need. Also similarly with respect to thetwentieth embodiment, the mobile telephone 1401 in the twenty-fourthembodiment may in some cases have a special configuration to be used incombination with the ear-hook unit 2281 creating anincoming/outgoing-talk unit, and may in other cases be configured as atypical mobile telephone having a short-range communication function. Inthe latter case, the ear-hook unit 2281 takes on a configuration as anaccessory of the mobile telephone 1401, similarly with respect to thetwentieth embodiment.

In the twenty-fourth embodiment, the cartilage conduction vibration unit2226 is arranged at a position coming up against the rear part of theouter side 1828 of the cartilage of the base of the ear 28. As a resultthereof, similarly with respect to the twentieth embodiment, thevibration of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 2226 is transmittedto the outer side 1828 of the cartilage of the base of the ear 28; airconduction sound is generated from the inner wall of the externalauditory meatus for transmission to the tympanic membrane via thecartilage around the entrance to the external auditory meatus, and apart is also transmitted directly to the inner ear through thecartilage. The outer side 1828 of the cartilage of the base of the ear28, being close to the inner entrance of the external auditory meatusthereof, is suitable for generating air conduction to the interior ofthe external auditory meatus from the cartilage around the entrance tothe external auditory meatus and for direct conduction to the inner earthrough the cartilage. However, in the case in which theincoming/outgoing-talk unit is configured as an ear-hook unit 2281, asin the twenty-fourth embodiment, there is a great degree of freedom inthe arrangement of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 2226 formaking contact with the outer side 1828 of the cartilage of the base ofthe ear 28; therefore, the cartilage conduction vibration unit 2226 canbe arranged at an optimum position, taking into consideration themounting layout and vibration conduction effect for the structure of theincoming/outgoing-talk unit. Accordingly, similarly with respect to thetwentieth embodiment, in the twenty-fourth embodiment there may also beemployed an arrangement by which the cartilage conduction vibration unit2226 comes up against the upper part of the outer side 1828 of thecartilage of the base of the ear 28.

The ear-hook unit 2281, similarly with respect to the case of theeyeglasses 1881 in the twentieth embodiment, is provided with anoutgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723, a controller 1739, a short-rangecommunication unit 1787, an incoming/outgoing-talk operation unit 1709,and an ear pushing detection unit 1888, the associated functions beingconsistent therewith and an attendant description accordingly beingomitted. In the case of the ear-hook unit 2281 of the twenty-fourthembodiment, the outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723 is arrangedfrontwardly with respect to the ear.

Twenty-fifth Embodiment

FIG. 38 is block diagram of the twenty-fifth embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention. The twenty-fifth embodiment isconsistent with the twentieth to twenty-third embodiments in that thecartilage conduction vibration units 2324 and 2326 are arranged at theear-fitting parts of the temples of an eyeglasses-type device and inthat the vibration is transmitted to the outer side of the cartilage ofthe base of the ear 28; however, this embodiment is configured not as anincoming/outgoing-talk unit of a mobile telephone but rather as 3Dtelevision viewing eyeglasses 2381, and together with a 3D television2301 creates a 3D television viewing system. The twenty-fifth embodimentmakes it possible to experience stereo audio information; the vibrationof a right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 arranged at theright temple unit 2382 is transmitted to the outer side of the cartilageof the base of the right ear via a contact unit 2363, and causes thecartilage around the entrance to the external auditory meatus tovibrate, air conduction sound that is thereby generated from the wallinside the external auditory meatus being transmitted to the righttympanic drum, and a part of the cartilage conduction being transmitteddirectly to the inner ear through the cartilage. Similarly, thevibration of a left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326arranged at the left temple unit 2384 is transmitted to the outer sideof the cartilage of the base of the left ear via a contact unit 2364,and causes the cartilage around the entrance to the external auditorymeatus to vibrate, whereby air conduction sound that is generated fromthe wall inside the external auditory meatus is transmitted to the lefttympanic drum, and a part of the cartilage conduction is transmitteddirectly to the inner ear through the cartilage.

The viewing eyeglasses 2381 are configured to be wearable over ordinaryeyeglasses by any person wearing the same; in this case, the vibrationsof the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 and theleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 are respectivelytransmitted to the cartilage of the base of the left and right ears,which are in direct contact therewith via the contact units 2363 and2364, and are also respectively transmitted to the ear-hook units of theleft and right temples of the ordinary eyeglasses and indirectlytransmitted to the cartilage of the base of the ear via the ear-hookunits. The contact units 2363 and 2364 are configured in a shape suchthat cartilage conduction appropriate for the cartilage of the base ofthe ear is generated, both in a case in which a person withouteyeglasses wears the viewing eyeglasses 2381 and in a case in which theyare worn over ordinary eyeglasses. A description thereof will beprovided further below.

The 3D television 2301 generates an audio signal from a stereo audiosignal unit 2331 on the basis of the control of the controller 2339; aninfrared communication unit 2346 transmits this audio signal to aninfrared communication unit 2387 of the viewing eyeglasses 2381 usinginfrared rays 2385. The controller 2339 of the viewing eyeglasses 2381outputs a left and a right audio signal from a right audio drive unit2335 and a left audio drive unit 2336 on the basis of the received audiosignal, and causes the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit2324 and the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 tovibrate. The aforementioned infrared communication unit 2387, thecontroller 2339, the right audio drive unit 2335, the left audio driveunit 2336, as well as a shutter drive unit 2357, a right shutter 2358and a left shutter 2359 (to be described later), together with a powersupply unit 2348, are arranged on an eyeglasses primary unit 2386.

On the other hand, the 3D television 2301 sends a video signal of avideo signal unit 2333 to a display driver 2341 on the basis of thecontrol of the controller 2339, and displays a 3D image on a 3D screen2305 comprising a liquid crystal display unit or the like. Thecontroller 2339 further synchronizes with the 3D image display togenerate a synchronization signal from a 3D shutter synchronizationsignal unit 2350, and the infrared communication unit 2346 transmitsthis synchronization signal to the infrared communication unit 2387 ofthe viewing eyeglasses 2381 using the infrared rays 2385. The controller2339 of the viewing eyeglasses 2381 controls the shutter drive unit 2357on the basis of the received synchronization signal, and opens the rightshutter 2358 and the left shutter 2359 in alternation. A right eye image2360 and a left eye image 2362, which are displayed in alternation onthe 3D screen 2305, are thereby made to be incident on the right eye andthe left eye in synchronization. In the twenty-fifth embodiment, thestereo audio signal for driving the cartilage conduction vibration unitand the 3D shutter synchronization signal are thus transmitted by theinfrared communication between the infrared communication units 2346 and2387. These two signals are sent in parallel by either time division orby synthesis. The communication therebetween is not to be limited tocommunication by infrared rays, but rather may be achieved usingshort-range wireless communication, as in other embodiments.

FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of the elements of the aforementionedtwenty-fifth embodiment; the cross-section of the right temple unit 2382is illustrated in a state in which the viewing eyeglasses 2381 have beenworn since the ordinary eyeglasses were put on. FIG. 39A is across-section of the right temple unit 2382 relating to the twenty-fifthembodiment, and FIG. 39B illustrates a cross-section of a modificationexample thereof. First, a description of FIG. 39A shall be provided. Acontact unit 2363 is provided to the portion of the bottom of the righttemple unit 2382 that is worn on the ear 28. This contact unit 2363comprises an elastic body having an acoustic impedance approximatingthat of ear cartilage, and the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibrationunit 2324 is held in the right temple unit 2382 configured so as to beenveloped therein. The cross-section of the contact unit 2363, as isclear from FIG. 39A, is provided with a groove into which the ear-hookunit 2300 of the ordinary eyeglasses is to be fitted. The right templeunit 2382 of the viewing eyeglasses 2381 achieves reliable contact withthe ear-hook unit 2300 of the temple of the ordinary eyeglasses, and theelasticity of the contact unit 2363 prevents the contacted portions ofthe right temple unit 2382 and the ear-hook unit 2300 from buzzing dueto vibration. In the state of FIG. 39A, the vibration of the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 is transmitted to the outerside 1828 of the cartilage of the base of the right ear 28, in directcontact therewith via the contact unit 2363, and is also transmitted tothe ear-hook unit 2300 of the right temple of the ordinary eyeglasses,and indirectly transmitted to the outer side 1828 of the cartilage ofthe base of the ear 28 via this ear-hook unit 2300.

On the other hand, in a case in which a person without eyeglasses wearsthe viewing eyeglasses 2381 directly, the entire contact unit 2363 is indirect contact with the outer side 1828 of the cartilage of the base ofthe right ear 28, and transmits the vibration of the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 thereto. The outer side of thecontact unit 2363 is beveled, and therefore the right temple unit 2382will fit to the ear 28 without discomfort even in this case.

Next, in a modification example in FIG. 39B, as is clear from thecross-sectional view thereof, a contact unit 2363 is provided to theportion of the bottom of the right temple unit 2382 that is worn on theear 28, similarly with respect to FIG. 39A. Also similarly with respectto FIG. 39A, the contact unit 2363 comprises an elastic body having anacoustic impedance approximating that of ear cartilage, and theright-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 is held at the righttemple unit 2382 configured so as to be enveloped therein. As is clearfrom FIG. 39B, the cross-sectional shape of the contact unit 2363 isdifferent in the modification example, a concave slope being providedinstead of the groove; the right temple unit 2382 of the viewingeyeglasses 2381 thereby achieves reliable contact with the outer side ofthe ear-fitting part 2300 of the temple of the ordinary eyeglasses so asto be hooked on the ear 28, and the elasticity of the contact unit 2363prevents the contact portions of the right temple unit 2382 and theear-hook unit 2300 from buzzing due to vibration. In the state of FIG.39B, the vibration of the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit2324 is transmitted to the outer side 1828 of the cartilage of the baseof the right ear 28, in direct contact therewith via the contact unit2363, and is also transmitted to the ear-hook unit 2300 of the righttemple of the ordinary eyeglasses, and indirectly transmitted to theouter side 1828 of the cartilage of the base of the ear 28 via thisear-hook unit 2300.

On the other hand, in a case in which a person without eyeglasses wearsthe viewing eyeglasses 2381, the entire contact unit 2363 is in directcontact with the outer side 1828 of the cartilage of the base of theright ear 28, and transmits the vibration of the right ear conductionvibration unit 2324 thereto. The outer side of the contact unit 2363 isalso beveled in the case of the modification example in FIG. 39B; theright temple unit 2382 is fitted to the ear 28 without discomfort evenin a case in which the viewing eyeglasses 2381 are worn directly. As isclear from FIG. 39B, it is the contact with the ear cartilage of thebottom or the outer side of the temple of the eyeglasses that isessential in cartilage conduction, and not with the facial cartilage atthe inner side of the temple of the eyeglasses; the shape of the contactunit is determined to meet this purpose.

As described above, in the twentieth to twenty-fifth embodiments, thevibration of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 2324 is transmittedto the outer side of the cartilage of the base of the ear. This causesthe cartilage around the entrance to the external auditory meatus tovibrate, whereby air conduction sound that is generated from the wallinside the external auditory meatus is transmitted to the tympanicmembrane, and a part of the cartilage conduction is directly transmittedto the right inner ear through the cartilage. Favorable conduction bycontact with the outer side of the ear cartilage can accordingly beachieved merely by wearing the eyeglasses in an ordinary state. Bycontrast, in a case using conventional bone conduction, the bone at thefront or the rear of the ear must be tightly tucked in by the portion ofthe inner side of the temple of the eyeglasses, which results in painand renders long-term usage unbearable. The present invention does nothave such a problem, it being possible to listen comfortably to audioinformation while experiencing a sensation similar to that of ordinaryeyeglasses.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be restricted to individual embodiments, but rather can besubstituted or combined with other appropriate embodiments. For example,in the description of the twenty-first embodiment in FIG. 34, theear-hook unit of the other temple is covered with a dummy cover, but theconfiguration of FIG. 34 can be prepared as a pair; when the ear-hookunits of the left and right temples are made to be each covered, itbecomes possible to listen to stereo audio signals as in thetwenty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 38. The two ear-hook units can also beconnected by wireless connection at this time, but a connection by thedual-use glass-cord cable as in the twenty-second embodiment of FIG. 35is also possible. Regarding the feature of the glass cord, a linkbetween the configuration of FIG. 34 and the dummy cover in thetwenty-first embodiment may be made with a glass cord, thus preventingmisplacement. Regarding the aforementioned feature of achieving a stereoeffect, when the twenty-third embodiment of FIG. 36 is also configuredsuch that the constituent elements are not divided into left and rightsimilarly with respect to the description above, but rather two sets ofthe required constituent elements are prepared and each is positioned atthe left and right temple units, it becomes possible not only to make animage into 3D but also to listen to stereo audio signals, as in thetwenty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 38. Referring to the twenty-fifthembodiment, a part the left-right configuration at this time can beshared as appropriate (for example, at least the controller and thepower supply).

In the aforementioned embodiments, the effects of the present inventionhave been described by way of example using a mobile telephone and anincoming/outgoing-talk unit thereof or 3D video viewing eyeglasses.However, the advantages of the present invention are not to be limitedthereto; the invention can be implemented in other applications. Forexample, the various features of the present invention described abovewould also be effective when implemented in a hearing aid.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be limited to the individual embodiments; rather, wherever it ispossible to benefit from the feature of an embodiment, same may bevariously implemented in an embodiment in which the feature has beenmodified. For example, FIG. 40 is a perspective view illustrating amodification example of the tenth embodiment in FIG. 19. In thismodification example as well, similarly with respect to FIG. 19, thecartilage conduction vibration source 925, which comprises apiezoelectric bimorph element or the like, serves as the cartilageconduction vibration source, while also taking the role of a drivesource of the incoming-talk unit for generating sound waves that aretransmitted to the tympanic membrane by air conduction. However, thecartilage conduction vibration source 925 stretches to the side of themobile telephone 901 in the modification example of FIG. 40, the rightend 224 and left end 226 thereof being made to vibrate. Sound canaccordingly be heard by cartilage conduction due to either one thereofbeing caused to contact the tragus, similarly with respect to thenineteenth embodiment. The cartilage conduction vibration source 925vibrates as a whole, rather than vibrating at only the right end 224 andleft end 226 thereof. Audio information can accordingly be transmittedregardless of where on the top inner edge of the mobile telephone 901contact with the ear cartilage is made, similarly with respect to FIG.19. Also, a point of similarity with FIG. 19 lies in that the cartilageconduction output unit 963, which is made of a material having anacoustic impedance approximating that of ear cartilage, is arrangedfrontwardly with respect to the cartilage conduction vibration source925.

The following is a possible modification example for the twenty-thirdembodiment of FIG. 36. Namely, the outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723in the twenty-third embodiment is an ordinary air conduction microphone,but when the outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723 is instead a boneconduction microphone (a microphone or pickup of the bone conductioncontact type), it becomes possible to selectively pick up the audio ofthe speaking party without picking up any undesired sound when in thepresence of noise. It further becomes possible to speak in an undertonethat will not disturb the surroundings. It is natural that the templesof eyeglasses are generally in contact with the bone at the front of theear (the zygomatic arch, or a part of the temporal bone on the zygomaticarch) or the bone at the rear of the ear (the mastoid process of thetemporal bone). Accordingly, calling on FIG. 36, arranging theoutgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723, which is constituted of amicrophone of the bone conduction contact type, at the contact unit withthe aforementioned bones in the left temple unit 2184 of the eyeglassesmakes it possible to pick up the audio of the speaking party by boneconduction. Dividing the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1826 andthe outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1723, constituted of a microphone ofthe bone conduction contact type, to the left and right temple units2182 and 2184, as in FIG. 36, makes it possible to prevent themicrophone of the bone conduction contact type from picking up thevibration from the cartilage conduction vibration unit 1826.

In the twenty-third embodiment of FIG. 36 or a modification example asdescribed above, it is also possible to omit the configuration relatedto 3D display from the lens unit 2186 and to make an ordinary eyeglassesconfiguration with only the right lens 2110 and left lens 2114.

On the other hand, the following is another possible modificationexample, for the twenty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 38. Specifically, sincethe twenty-fifth embodiment is configured as the viewing eyeglasses2381, the sound source of the stereo audio information resides in the 3Dtelevision 2301, and the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit2324 and the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 are madeto vibrate on the basis of the audio signal received by the infraredcommunication unit 2387. However, when the configuration is instead suchthat a stereo audio signal unit serving as the sound source unit of thestereo audio information, and an audio memory for providing datathereto, are housed in the eyeglasses primary unit 2386 or one of theright temple unit 2382 and the left temple unit 2384 of FIG. 38, or aredivided and then housed in both, then the present invention can beconfigured as an independent portable music player. Calling on FIG. 38to facilitate understanding of the configuration of such a modificationexample, the aforementioned stereo audio signal unit and audio memoryfor providing data thereto are to be included in the controller 2339. Inthe case of this modification example, there is no need for a link withthe 3D television 2301; therefore, instead of the right shutter 2358,the left shutter 2359, and the shutter drive unit 2357 in FIG. 38, aright lens and left lens of ordinary eyeglasses such as in thetwenty-third embodiment of FIG. 36 are arranged on the eyeglassesprimary unit 2386.

In the case of the above-described modification example in which theright lens and left lens are arranged at the eyeglasses primary unit2386 to make ordinary eyeglasses, the controller, the audio drive unit,the infrared communication units, the power supply unit, and the otherrespective constituent elements arranged at the eyeglasses primary unit2386 in FIG. 38 may be divided and arranged at the right temple unit andthe left temple unit as appropriate, as in the twenty-third embodimentof FIG. 36, thereby preventing any increase in the size of theeyeglasses primary unit 2386.

The infrared communication unit 2387 in the modification example isresponsible for functions such as inputting sound source data from a PCor other external sound source data holding device. Using a handheldremote control or the like, the infrared communication unit 2387 can bemade to function as a wireless communication unit for adjusting thevolume from the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 andthe left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326, or for adjustingthe balance of the left and right vibration output. It is furthermorepossible to receive the audio information of a mobile telephone when theportable music player is linked to the mobile telephone. In such a case,when the portable music player is provided with an air conductionmicrophone or a bone conduction microphone, the portable music playercan be made to function as a device of the mobile telephone used forincoming talk or outgoing talk made with an external party.

The above-described innovative arrangement of the constituent elementsto the eyeglasses primary unit 2386 and to the right temple unit 2382and left temple unit 2384 is not to be limited to the aforementionedmodification example. For example, the controller 2339, the infraredcommunication unit 2387, the power supply unit 2348, the right audiodrive unit 2335, and the left audio drive unit 2336 may also be dividedand arranged in the right temple unit 2382 and the left temple unit 2384as appropriate in the case of the actual viewing eyeglasses 2381 in thetwenty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 38.

Twenty-sixth Embodiment

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of the twenty-sixth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention, and is configured as a mobiletelephone. A mobile telephone 2401 of the twenty-sixth embodiment,similarly with respect to that of the modification example of the tenthembodiment depicted in FIG. 40, is an integrated type with no movingparts, and is configured as a “smartphone”, which has the large-screendisplay unit 205 provided with GUI functions. There is much in commonwith the structure thereof, and so corresponding portions have beengiven like reference numerals as in FIG. 40, and a description has beenomitted. Similarly with respect to the tenth embodiment and themodification example thereof, “upper part” in the twenty-sixthembodiment also does not signify a separated upper part but rathersignifies the portion at the top of the integrated structure.

A point of difference in the twenty-sixth embodiment from themodification example of the tenth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 40 liesin that the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source 925has a dual purpose as a vibration source for creating a feedbacksensation for a touch operation in the touch panel function of thelarge-screen display unit 205. More specifically, a vibration isolationmaterial 2465 made of a vinyl system, a urethane system, or anothersystem is provided between the cartilage conduction vibration source 925and the configuration located therebelow (the large-screen display unit205), the configuration being such that an audio signal from thecartilage conduction is prevented from being likely to be transmitted tothe large-screen display unit 205 or the like, due to the difference inacoustic impedance or the like. On the other hand, when the large-screendisplay unit 205 is touched and any type of input from the touch panelfunction thereof is thereby accepted, the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 925 is made to vibrate at a low frequency at or below the audiblerange, in order to provide feedback to the finger that has touched thesame. The vibration frequency is selected to be a frequency thatsubstantially matches the resonance frequency of the vibration isolationmaterial 2465; therefore, the vibration isolation material 2465resonates due to the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 925, which vibration is then transmitted to the large-screendisplay unit 205. The vibration isolation material 2465, which preventsvibration in the audio region, thus functions as a vibrationtransmission material for low-frequency vibration for feedback.Low-frequency vibration can thereby be transmitted to the finger thattouched the large-screen display unit 205, and it can be known that thetouch input has been accepted. To prevent conflation of the impact ofthe touch operation itself with the feedback vibration in responsethereto, the cartilage conduction vibration source 925 is provided witha predetermined delay from the moment of touch, and is made to providethe feedback vibration after the touch impact has settled.

The twenty-sixth embodiment is provided with an operation button 2461,which is used for operations such as turning the touch panel function ofthe large-screen display unit 205 on and off. Also, for the sake ofsimplifying the drawings, the configuration of the twenty-sixthembodiment omits the cartilage conduction output unit 963, which hasbeen provided to the modification example of the tenth embodimentillustrated in FIG. 40; however, same can be provided as desired.

FIG. 42 is a block diagram of the twenty-sixth embodiment; identicalportions have been given like reference numerals to those in FIG. 41,and a description thereof has been omitted. The configuration of theblock diagram in FIG. 42 has many points in common with the blockdiagram of the fourth embodiment in FIG. 8, and can call on theconfiguration of the conceptual block diagram of the elements in FIG. 9;therefore, parts of the configuration in common with FIG. 8 have beengiven like reference numerals and a description thereof has beenomitted.

The large-screen display unit 205 of FIG. 42 is illustrated as having atouch panel 2468, and a touch panel driver 2470, which is controlled bya controller 2439 and drives the touch panel 2465; however, this is notspecific to the twenty-sixth embodiment, but rather is shared with otherembodiments in which the large-screen display unit 205 has a touch panelfunction, and has merely been omitted from the diagrams of the otherembodiments in order to avoid complication. FIG. 42 illustratesvibration isolation materials 2465 respectively for the portions of thecartilage conduction vibration source 925 and the touch panel 2468, butthis has been described in such a manner merely because of the spacelimitations of the block diagram. The vibration isolation material 2465is the same, and the description does not mean that it is separated andprovided to respective positions on the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 925 and the touch panel 2468. In other words, the intendedillustration in FIG. 42 is that the vibration isolation material 2465resonates due to the low-frequency vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration source 925, which vibration is transmitted to the touch panel2468.

As illustrated in FIG. 42, the twenty-sixth embodiment is provided witha low-frequency source 2466 for generating a drive signal of a frequencythat substantially matches the resonance frequency of the vibrationisolation material 2465; the controller 2439 instructs that a lowfrequency be outputted from the low-frequency source 2466 after apredetermined delay has elapsed from when the touch panel driver 2470senses the touch of a finger and accepts the input. The phase adjustmentmixer unit 2436 drives the cartilage conduction vibration source 925 onthe basis of a signal from the telephone function unit 45 in a callstate; however, the signal from the telephone function unit 45 beingblocked during a non-call operation state in which the touch panel 2468is operated, the cartilage conduction vibration source 925 is insteaddriven on the basis of a signal from the low frequency source 2466.However, in a call state, the phase unit adjustment mixer unit 2436blocks the signal from the low frequency source 2466.

The function of the controller 2439 of FIG. 42 in the twenty-sixthembodiment calls on the flow chart of the fourth embodiment in FIG. 10.Also, the dual purpose of the cartilage conduction vibration source 925as a touch operation feedback sensation vibration source, which is afeature of the twenty-sixth embodiment, can be understood as a detailedfunction of step S42 in FIG. 10.

As described above, FIG. 43 serves to provide a detailed illustration ofstep S42 in FIG. 10; when the flow starts, step S222 first has a checkfor whether a non-call operation has been performed. This step issimilar to step S6 in the first embodiment of FIG. 4, and is a check forthe presence or absence of an e-mail operation and/or Internetoperation, as well as other operations in which radio operations are notused, such as various settings and also downloaded games, and othernon-call operations. Then, when there has been such an operation, theflow proceeds to step S224, in which there is performed a check forwhether or not the touch panel 2468 is in a non-sensing state. When anon-sensing state is not in effect, the cartilage conduction vibrationunit, including the cartilage conduction vibration source 925, is turnedon in step S226. On the other hand, in a case in which it is detected instep S224 that the touch panel 2468 is in a non-sensing state, anon-call operation signifies one by the operation button 2461, and theflow therefore moves on to step S228, in which there is button settingprocessing corresponding to the operation. Subsequently, in step S230,there is performed a check for whether the touch panel 2468 has been setto be activated by the button operation; when this is true, the flowmoves on to step S226. However, in either a case in which there is nodetection in step S222 of a non-call operation, or a case in which thereis no detection in step S230 of a setting to activate the touch panel2468, the flow is immediately terminated.

When the cartilage conduction vibration unit is turned on in step S226,the flow proceeds to step S232, in which the phase adjustment mixer unit2436 is controlled to sever the output from the telephone function unit45; in step S234, the output of the low frequency source 2466 isconnected to the cartilage conduction vibration source 925, and the flowarrives at step S236. In step S236 there is a check for the presence orabsence of a touch panel operation; when there is a touch paneloperation, the flow proceeds to step S238, and there is responseprocessing in accordance with the operation. The flow then proceeds tostep S240, in which a predetermined period of delay (for example, 0.1seconds) is allowed to pass, and the flow moves on to step S242. In stepS242, a low frequency is outputted from the low frequency source 2466for a predetermined period of time (for example, 0.5 seconds), and theoperation sensation is fed back to the finger with which the operationis performed; the flow then proceeds to step S244.

In step S244, there is performed a check for whether the touch panel2468 has been in an operation-less state for a predetermined period oftime (for example, 3 seconds) or longer after the latest touch paneloperation; when this is not true, the flow returns to step S236.Afterwards, steps S236 to S244 are repeated as long as the touch panel2468 is continuously operated for a predetermined period of time; thetouch panel input and the operation sensation feedback by the cartilageconduction vibration source 925 are continued.

On the other hand, when there is a detection in step S244 that the touchpanel 2468 has remained in an operation-less state for the predeterminedperiod of time or longer, the flow moves on to step S246, in which thecartilage conduction vibration unit is turned off; in step S248, thephase adjustment mixer unit 2436 is further controlled and the outputfrom the telephone function unit 45 is connected to the cartilageconduction vibration source 925; and in step S250, the output of the lowfrequency source 2466 is severed, the flow then terminating for the timebeing. The flow thereafter being executed in accordance with FIG. 10,when no call is detected in step S44 of FIG. 10, the flow immediatelymoves to step S34; when the primary power supply is not off, the flowthen returns to step S42; therefore, the flow in FIG. 43 is resumed.There is accordingly a swift return to step S236 whenever the operationof the touch panel lasts for the predetermined period of time and theflow in FIG. 43 from step S244 terminates, and the touch panel input andthe operation sensation feedback by the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 925 can be continued.

The implementation of the present invention is not to be limited to theaforementioned embodiments; various modifications are possible. Forexample, the vibration isolation material 2465 in the twenty-sixthembodiment is not limited to a material having a band-pass filterfunction for transmitting the vibration of the resonance frequency, andmay be a material having a low-pass filter function for blocking thevibration from the telephone function unit 45 at or above apredetermined frequency, which is in the audio signal region, and fortransmitting the vibration of the low frequency source 2466 for thetouch operation feedback, which is in a lower frequency region.

Twenty-seventh Embodiment

The following calls on FIGS. 41 to 43 in the twenty-sixth embodiment toprovide a description of the twenty-seventh embodiment of the presentinvention. In this case, the “touch panel 2468” in FIG. 42 is to be readas a “motion sensor 2468,” and the “touch panel driver 2470” is to beread as a “motion sensor driver 2470.” The twenty-seventh embodiment, aswith the twenty-sixth embodiment, is configured such that, in a case inwhich the cartilage conduction vibration source 925 has a dual purposefor a touch operation in the GUI function of the large-screen displayunit 205, a configuration is presented in that the cartilage conductionvibration source, rather than merely being utilized as a low frequencyoutput element for touch sensation feedback, is additionally used as animpact input element for detecting a touch on the mobile telephone 2401.For this purpose, the cartilage conduction vibration source 925 in thetwenty-seventh embodiment is constituted of a piezoelectric bimorphelement. The specific configuration for the dual purpose of thepiezoelectric bimorph element as an impact input element can beconfigured calling on the block diagram of the fourth embodimentdescribed in FIG. 9 and on the flow chart of the eighteenth embodimentdescribed in FIG. 31.

More specifically, the GUI function of the large-screen display unit 205in the twenty-seventh embodiment, as mentioned above, is configured tomake use not of a contact-type touch panel, but rather of a motionsensor 2468 for contactless detection of the motion of a finger in thevicinity of the large-screen display unit 205. The impact detectionfunction of the cartilage conduction vibration source 925, whichcomprises a piezoelectric bimorph element, is used as an impact sensorfor detecting the touch of a finger (corresponding to the “click” of amouse or the like) for determining a function that is selected withoutcontact. As a more specific example, scrolling and the selecting of anicon on the large-screen display unit 205 are conducted by the detectionof the contactless motion of a finger, and the touch impact on themobile telephone 2401 corresponding to a “click” operation is detectedby the dual purpose of the piezoelectric bimorph element, whereby anoperation of “CONFIRM” or “ENTER” is performed. The touch at this timeis not on the large-screen display unit 205 but rather may be at anydesired place on the outer wall of the mobile telephone, and therefore a“click” operation can be performed without leaving a fingerprint on thelarge-screen display unit 205.

The vibration isolation material 2465 in the twenty-seventh embodiment,which calls on FIG. 41, blocks the vibration from the telephone functionunit 45 in the audio signal region, and transmits the transmittablecomponents of the impact vibration in the band-pass filter region orlow-pass filter region to the cartilage conduction vibration source 925,which comprises a piezoelectric bimorph. A point in common with thetwenty-sixth embodiment lies in that after the cartilage conductionvibration source 925 detects the touch impact of a finger, a lowfrequency is generated from the low frequency source 2466 after apredetermined period of delay has passed, and the cartilage conductionvibration source 925 is made to vibrate, providing feedback to thefinger that performed the touch. Then, in such a case, there is a needto switch the piezoelectric bimorph element to function as an inputelement and function as an output element, but this switch can beperformed utilizing the aforementioned period of delay.

The implementation of the present invention is not to be limited to theaforementioned embodiments; various modification examples are possible.For example, instead of the impact detection function of thepiezoelectric bimorph element, the acceleration sensor 49 in FIG. 42 maybe used for detecting the click impact in the contactless-type motionsensor as in the twenty-seventh embodiment. Both the function of theacceleration sensor 49 and the impact detection function of thepiezoelectric bimorph element may also be used in combination asappropriate.

The dual purpose of the cartilage conduction vibration source 925 as alow frequency vibration source, which is a feature of the twenty-sixthembodiment and the twenty-seventh embodiment, is also not limited to thepurpose of providing touch sensation feedback to a finger, but rathercan also have the purpose of a dual use as a vibrator for providing anoiseless notification of an incoming call to the mobile telephone 2401.In such a case, as shall be apparent, the introduction of the vibrationsignal of the low frequency source 2466 to the cartilage conductionvibration source 925 is not a touch detection but rather a response toan incoming call signal, at which time a delay is unnecessary. Theintroduction of the vibration signal is repeated continuously(interspersed, for example, by an interval of 0.5 second in whichvibration is stopped) for a comparatively long period of time (forexample, 2 seconds).

Each of the various features indicated in each of the embodimentsdescribed above is not necessarily specific to an individual embodiment;the features of each of the embodiments can be combined or rearrangedwith the features of other embodiments as appropriate, wherever it ispossible to make use of the advantages thereof. For example, it ispossible to combine the aforementioned eyeglasses-type stereo portablemusic player described as a modification example of the twenty-fifthembodiment in FIG. 38, as an external incoming/outgoing-talk unit for amobile telephone provided with such features as in the twenty-sixthembodiment or the twenty-seventh embodiment. In such a case, stereoplayback from a sound source housed in the music player can be enjoyed,and also audio signals can be received from the sound source of themobile telephone to enjoy stereo playback. A hands-free call with themobile telephone can then be made using an air conduction microphone orbone conduction microphone housed in the eyeglasses-type portable musicplayer.

Twenty-eighth Embodiment

FIG. 44 relates to the twenty-eighth embodiment according to an aspectof the present invention; FIG. 44A is a perspective view illustrating apart of the upper end side thereof, and FIG. 44B is a cross-sectionalview illustrating the B-B cross-section of FIG. 44A. The twenty-eighthembodiment is configured as a mobile telephone 2501, and is similar tothe fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7; the vibration of acartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is transmitted to a vibrationconductor 2527, the two end parts thereof being in respective contactwith the right tragus and the left tragus, whereby sound can be listenedto by cartilage conduction. Accordingly, the “upper part” in thetwenty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 44 does not signify a separated upperpart but rather signifies the portion at the top of the integratedstructure.

A point of difference in the twenty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 44 fromthe fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 lies in the holdingstructure for holding the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 andthe vibration conductor 2527 in the mobile telephone 2501. For theconfiguration for inputting an audio signal into the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525 and the like there can be appropriatelyused the configuration according to the first to twenty-seventhembodiments, and therefore an illustration and description thereof hasbeen omitted. The cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 of thetwenty-eighth embodiment is configured as a piezoelectric bimorphelement (and is hereinafter referred to as the “piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525”), but, as in FIG. 44B, the structure piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 is one in which piezoelectric ceramic sheets 2598, 2599 arerespectively bonded to the two sides of a metal sheet 2597, thecircumference thereof being hardened using a resin. Vibration in thisstructure goes in the Y-Y′ direction illustrated in FIG. 44B.Accordingly, the resin surface of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525has a larger Y-Y′ direction component of vibration, and a smaller X-X′direction component of vibration.

Assuming the above-described structure for the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525, the holding structure of the twenty-eighth embodiment issuch that, as is clear from the cross-sectional view of FIG. 44B, thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is sandwiched from the X-X′direction, which has a smaller vibration component, by a holding body2516. The holding body 2516 and the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525are joined using a bonding agent, and the holding body 2516 is rigidlycoupled to the mobile telephone 2501. On the other hand, regarding theY-Y′ direction of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525, a gap 2504 isprovided in FIG. 44B in between the holding body 2516 and the innersurface side serving as the right side; vibration is unrestrictedlypermitted in the Y-Y′ direction in the piezoelectric bimorph element2525, and the vibration component therein is less likely to betransmitted to the holding body 2516. A bonding agent is also used tojoin the vibration conductor 2527 rigidly to the outer surface sideserving as the left side in FIG. 44B in the Y-Y′ direction of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525. The mobile telephone 2501 also hasan opening part 2501 a for exposing the vibration conductor 2527. Then,the vibration isolation material 2565 comprising an elastic body basedon vinyl, urethane, or another substance is used to fill in the spacebetween the vibration conductor 2527 and the holding body 2516, and theopening part 2501 a of the mobile telephone 2501. Vibration isunrestrictedly permitted in the Y-Y′ direction of the vibrationconductor 2527, and the vibration component of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 is less likely to be transmitted to the holding body 2516and the mobile telephone 2501. In the description above, the gap 2504may also be configured so as to be filled in by an elastic body similarto the vibration isolation material 2565.

Due to the holding structure as described above, the force of the handholding the mobile telephone 2501 is rigidly applied to the vibrationconductor 2527, whereby the contact with the right tragus or left tragusand the pressure thereof can be easily controlled. Because the structureis such that vibration is unrestrictedly permitted in the Y-Y′ directionof the vibration conductor 2527, the vibration conductor 2527 vibratesefficiently and the vibration thereof is transmitted to the cartilage ofthe ear; also, the vibration of the vibration conductor 2527 can beeffectively prevented from being transmitted to the mobile telephone2501 and generating unneeded air conduction.

FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view relating to modification examples ofthe twenty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 44. FIG. 45A is a cross-sectionalview of a first modification example, and is illustrated in conformitywith FIG. 44B, portions in common being given like reference numerals.Similarly, FIG. 45B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a secondmodification example. In the first modification example, illustrated byFIG. 45A, the gap 2504 is stretched over the entire space between theholding body 2516 and the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525, and anauxiliary holding unit 2506 for holding the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 between the two from the X-X′ direction is provided. Therigid material of the auxiliary holding unit 2506 is selected to have adifferent acoustic impedance from either both of or at least one of theholding body 2516 and the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525. Theauxiliary holding unit 2506 may be an elastic body provided that thereis no problem in terms of holding force. The auxiliary holding unit 2506is configured to be arranged at the center part to avoid the vibrationsurface of the Y-Y′ direction in the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525;therefore, even with an integrated molding of the same material, as apart of the holding body 2516, there is a more pronounced effectrelative to FIG. 44(B) in permitting vibration in the Y-Y′ direction inthe piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 and in reducing the transmissionof vibration to the mobile telephone 2501.

The second modification example of FIG. 45B also takes a configurationin which the gap 2504 is spread over the entire space between theholding body 2516 and the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525; however, aplurality of screws 2508 provided to important points in the middle partof the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 are used to sandwich thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 from the X-X′ direction. The screws2508 are threaded such that the sharp tips thereof are slightly wedgedinto the surface of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525, ensuring theholding of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525.

FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view relating to yet further modificationexamples of the twenty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 44. FIG. 46A is across-sectional view of a third modification example, and, similarlywith respect to FIG. 45, is illustrated in conformity with FIG. 44B,shared portions being given shared reference numerals. Similarly, FIG.46B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a fourth modification example.In the third modification example illustrated in FIG. 46A, the surfaceof the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is molded using a resin suchthat a concavity 2580 is formed, and a convexity corresponding theretois integrally molded in the holding body 2516. The engagement betweenthese convex and concave parts ensures that the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 is held by the holding body 2516. Upon assembly, the slightelasticity of the holding body 2516 may be utilized for fitting of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525; alternatively, the configuration maybe such that the holding body 2516 is constituted as two divided bodies,and after the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is sandwichedtherebetween, same are integrally screwed together. In the fourthmodification example illustrated by FIG. 46B, the surface of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is molded with a resin such that aconvexity 2590 is formed, and a concavity corresponding thereto isintegrally molded in the holding body 2516. Then, similarly with respectto FIG. 46A, the engagement of these convex and concave parts ensuresthe holding of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 by the holdingbody 2516. Upon assembly, similarly with respect to FIG. 46A, theconfiguration may be such that the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525may be fitted using the slight elasticity of the holding body 2516, orsuch that the holding body 2516 is constituted as two divided bodies,and after the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is sandwichedtherebetween, the same are integrally screwed together.

Twenty-ninth Embodiment

FIG. 47 relates to the twenty-ninth embodiment according to an aspect ofthe present invention; FIG. 47A is a perspective view illustrating apart of the upper end side thereof, and FIG. 47B is a perspective viewillustrating a part of the upper end side in a modification examplethereof. The twenty-ninth embodiment has a holding structure that issubstantially the same as that of the twenty-eighth embodiment in FIG.44, but has a different configuration, in which the vibration conductorin contact with the right tragus or the left tragus is exposed to thesurface of the mobile telephone from openings 2501 b and 2501 c providedto the outer wall of the mobile telephone 2501. Portions in common withFIG. 44 are accordingly given the same reference numerals, and adescription thereof has been omitted. The following provides only adescription of the disparities relative to the twenty-eighth embodimentof FIG. 44.

The twenty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 44 is configured such that thevibration conductor 2527 is exposed in a strip on the entire upper endpart of the mobile telephone 2501, both end parts thereof being incontact with the right tragus and left tragus respectively and alsobeing capable of being in contact with the ear cartilage over a broadsurface area. By contrast, the twenty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 47A isconfigured such that the vibration conductor is divided into a right earvibration conductor 2524 and a left ear vibration conductor 2526, whichare respectively bonded to the two ends of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525. Then, only a portion of the separated right ear vibrationconductor 2524 and left ear vibration conductor 2526 is made to berespectively exposed from the opening parts 2501 b and 2501 c of the twocorner parts at the top end of the mobile telephone 2501. For thisreason, the vibration isolation material 2565 for filling in the spacebetween the mobile telephone 2501 and the right ear vibration conductor2524 and left ear vibration conductor 2526 is also provided inrespective separations.

On the other hand, the modification example of the twenty-ninthmodification example illustrated by FIG. 47B is configured such thatonly the left ear vibration conductor 2526 is bonded to thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525. Then, only a portion of the left earvibration conductor 2526 is exposed from the opening part 2501 b of thecorner part at the top end of the mobile telephone 2501. The vibrationisolation material 2565 for filling in the space between the left earvibration conductor 2526 and the mobile telephone 2501 is provided onlyto the left side corner part of the mobile telephone 2501. Also, themodification example of the twenty-ninth embodiment illustrated by FIG.47B, although simplifying the configuration of FIG. 47A and beingconfigured for dedicated left ear usage, is also capable of beingconfigured such that the vibration conductor is exposed from an openingpart provided to the right corner part for a configuration as a mobiletelephone especially for right ear usage. As yet another modification ofthe modification example of the twenty-ninth embodiment illustrated byFIG. 47B, the piezoelectric bimorph element can also be directly exposedfrom the opening part, without the vibration conductor being interposed,in a case in which the surface of the piezoelectric bimorph element isfashioned into a shape suited for the outer surface of the mobiletelephone. Such a modification is also possible in the twenty-ninthembodiment illustrated by FIG. 47A and in the twenty-eighth embodimentillustrated by FIG. 44.

Thirtieth Embodiment

FIG. 48 relates to the thirtieth embodiment according to an aspect ofthe present invention; FIG. 48A is a perspective view illustrating apart of the upper end side thereof, and FIG. 48B is a cross-sectionalview illustrating the B-B cross-section of FIG. 48A. The thirtiethembodiment is configured as a mobile telephone 2601 and is similar tothe thirteenth embodiment illustrated by FIG. 24 and/or the fourteenthembodiment illustrated by FIG. 25. The cartilage conduction vibrationunit is arranged on the side surface of the mobile telephone. Thethirtieth embodiment of FIG. 48, similarly with respect to thetwenty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 44, also features a holding structurefor permitting vibration for ear cartilage conduction in thepiezoelectric bimorph element and for reducing the transmission ofvibration to the mobile telephone; therefore, portions in common withthe twenty-eighth embodiment have been given like reference numerals,and a description thereof has been omitted. Another point of similaritywith the twenty-eighth embodiment lies in the configuration forinputting an audio signal to the cartilage conduction vibration source2525, of which a depiction and description has been omitted.

The thirtieth embodiment of FIG. 48 is configured such that thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is fitted into the side surface ofthe mobile telephone, but, as illustrated by FIG. 48B, the interior ofthe fitted-in part is curved; as a result thereof, a ridge part 2525 aof the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is brought into contact withthe inner surface of the curved part of the mobile telephone 2601. Dueto such contact, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is positioned inthe fitting-depth direction, reinforcing the holding force relative tothe direction pushing in on the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525. Acrescent gap 2604 is created in the Y-Y′ direction of the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 due to the contact structure as described above,permitting free vibration. The piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 isfundamentally held from the X-X′ direction in the thirtieth embodimentas well. For the sake of simplicity, the illustration in FIG. 48 is suchthat a part of the integral structure of the mobile telephone 2601serves as the holding structure, but the configuration may also be suchthat a structure such as the holding body 2516 of the twenty-eighthembodiment and of the twenty-ninth embodiment is utilized, and anchoredon the mobile telephone 2601. The structure can otherwise be understoodwith reference to FIG. 44, and therefore a description thereof has beenomitted. The various modification examples illustrated in FIGS. 45 and46 can also be applied to the thirtieth embodiment of FIG. 48.

Thirty-first Embodiment

FIG. 49 relates to a thirty-first embodiment according to an aspect ofthe present invention; FIG. 49A is a longitudinal sectional viewillustrating a part of the upper end side thereof FIG. 49B is atransverse cross-sectional view of the same portions, and can beunderstood to be similar to FIG. 48B. The thirty-first embodiment isconfigured as a mobile telephone 2701, and is similar to the thirtiethembodiment illustrated in FIG. 48; the cartilage conduction vibrationunit is arranged on the side surface of the mobile telephone. Thefeature thereof lies in the holding structure for permitting vibrationfor ear cartilage conduction in the piezoelectric bimorph element andfor reducing the transmission of vibration to the mobile telephone;therefore, portions in common with the thirtieth embodiment of FIG. 48have been given like reference numerals, and a description thereof hasbeen omitted. Another point of similarity with the thirtieth embodimentlies in the configuration for inputting an audio signal to the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525 and the like, for which a depiction anddescription has been omitted.

A point of difference in the thirty-first embodiment of FIG. 49 from thethirtieth embodiment of FIG. 48 lies in the holding structure of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525. The piezoelectric bimorph element2525, similarly with respect to the thirtieth embodiment, takes astructure in which it is fitted into a groove in the side surface of themobile telephone 2701, but as is clear from the longitudinalcross-sectional view of FIG. 49A and the transverse cross-sectional viewof FIG. 49B, the inner surface of the groove becomes a corrugatedsurface 2794; as a result thereof, the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 is held by a plurality of apices of the corrugated surface 2794,and a plurality of gaps 2704 are created in between the two. For thesake of simplicity, the illustration in FIG. 49 is also such that a partof the integral structure of the mobile telephone 2701 serves as theholding structure, but the configuration may also be one in which thereis adopted a structure such as the holding body 2516 of thetwenty-eighth embodiment and of the twenty-ninth embodiment, and same isanchored to the mobile telephone 2701. This is also a point ofsimilarity with modification examples to be described later.

FIG. 50 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating modificationexamples of the thirty-first embodiment, and can be understood withreference to FIG. 49A. FIG. 50A is a first modification example, whereina vibration conductor 2727 (silicon, urethane, or the like) is providedto the side of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 that comes upagainst the ear cartilage. FIG. 50B is a second modification example. Avibration isolation material 2765 is interposed between thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 and the mobile telephone 2701, andthe surface at which the vibration isolation material 2765 comes upagainst the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 serves as the corrugatedsurface 2795. A modification example that combines the vibrationconductor 2727 in the first modification example of FIG. 50A with thevibration isolation material 2765 in the second modification example ofFIG. 50B is also possible.

Thirty-second Embodiment

FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a thirty-second embodiment according toan aspect of the present invention. The thirty-second embodiment isconfigured as a piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 suited for use in,for example, the mobile telephone 2501 of the twenty-ninth embodimentillustrated in FIG. 47A. FIG. 51A is an external perspective view of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 of the thirty-second embodiment, andFIG. 51B is a transparent perspective view thereof. For convenience ofillustration, FIG. 51 has been drafted such that the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is rotated 90 degrees from the state of FIG. 47A,where the Y-Y′ direction becomes the vertical direction.

The holding body 2516 of the twenty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 47A,similarly with respect to that of the twenty-eighth embodiment of FIG.44, sandwiches the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 from the X-X′direction illustrated in FIG. 44B; vibration in the Y-Y′ direction isunrestrictedly permitted, and the vibration component is prevented frombeing transmitted to the holding body 2516. Furthermore, the holdingbody 2516 is configured so as to sandwich the middle portion of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525, in which the right ear vibrationconductor 2524 and the left ear vibration conductor 2526 arerespectively bonded to both ends.

The piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 illustrated in FIG. 51 assumes aconfiguration permitting the holding of the middle part of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 from the X-X′ direction, as describedabove. Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 51A, the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 of the thirty-second embodiment is configured suchthat electrodes 2597 a and 2598 a for inputting a drive signal arepositioned at the middle portion of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525. Both end portions of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 arethereby released from a wired connection, and free vibration ispermitted. Moreover, the direction in which the electrodes 2597 a and2598 a project out is configured so as to assume a direction along theY-Y′ direction of the vibration direction. Thereby, when the middleportion of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is sandwiched from theX-X′ direction, the electrodes 2597 a and 2598 a are not obstructive andthere is no need to provide the holding body 2516 with a specialconfiguration, despite the arrangement of the electrodes 2597 a and 2598a at the middle portion.

To permit such an arrangement of the electrodes, the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is configured, as illustrated in FIG. 51B, suchthat the electrode 2597 a, which is drawn out from the middle portion ofa metal sheet 2597, is curved upward at 90 degrees, and the electrodes2598 a, which are drawn out from piezoelectric ceramic sheets 2598 and2599, and respectively connected to each one, are also curved upward at90 degrees, each projecting from the upper surface of the resin. Themiddle portion of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 can thereby bereadily supported sandwiched from the X-X′ direction, without anelectrode projecting out to the X-X′ direction.

Also, as a modification of FIG. 51, the configuration can also be suchthat each of the electrode 2597 a that is drawn out from the middle partof the metal sheet 2597 and the electrodes 2598 a that are drawn outfrom the middle parts of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets 2598 and 2599project out from the side surface of the resin. In such a case, tosandwich and support the middle portion of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 from the X-X′ direction, the holding body 2516 is providedwith a void for avoiding a portion that would interfere with theelectrodes, and connects a signal line; alternatively, a socketstructure is provided to the inner side of the holding body 2516 and aconnection is made with the electrodes. In such a case as well, theholding body 2516 must be provided with a special configuration;however, no change is needed to provide the electrodes 2597 a and 2598 ato the middle part, and therefore it is possible to benefit from theadvantage of releasing the two end portions of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 from wired connections and enabling free vibration.

Thirty-third Embodiment

FIG. 52 relates to a thirty-third embodiment according to an aspect ofthe present invention, and is configured as a mobile telephone 2801.FIG. 52A is a transparent perspective view in which a part of the upperend side thereof is viewed from the rear, and FIG. 52B is a transparentperspective view in which a part of the upper end side in themodification example thereof is viewed from the side surface of theopposite side. The thirty-third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 52A has aholding structure that is substantially similar to that of thetwenty-ninth embodiment in FIG. 47A, but has a different configurationin which a pair of vibration conductors 2824 and 2826 that are incontact with the ear cartilage are exposed on the surface of the mobiletelephone.

Specifically, the vibration conductors 2524 and 2526 in the twenty-ninthembodiment of FIG. 47 are directly exposed at the upper corner parts ofthe mobile telephone 2501. By contrast, in the thirty-third embodimentof FIG. 52, corner parts 2801 d, 2801 e serve as a part of asufficiently strong outer wall of the mobile telephone 2801 itself, andeach of the vibration conductors 2824 and 2826 are exposed on thedisplay surface side of the mobile telephone 2801 in such as form as tobe guarded by the corner parts. A detailed description of this exposedstate and the significance thereof will be provided later. Theconfiguration is otherwise shared with that of the twenty-ninthembodiment of FIG. 47; therefore, in FIG. 52 portions that are in commonhave been given like reference numerals, and a description thereof hasbeen omitted. The thirty-third embodiment also serves as an example ofthe implementation of the piezoelectric bimorph elements 2525illustrated in the thirty-second embodiment, and also illustrates thepositions of the electrodes 2597 a and 2598 a together.

In the modification example of the thirty-third embodiment in FIG. 52B,the same configuration as the vibration unit described with reference toFIG. 52A is attached such that the side surface of the mobile telephone2801 is made to vibrate as in the thirtieth embodiment of FIG. 48 and/orthe thirty-first embodiment of FIG. 49. In the modification example ofthe thirty-third embodiment in FIG. 52B as well, the vibration conductor2824, which is the upper of the pair of vibration conductors, is guardedby the sufficiently strong corner part 2801 d of the mobile telephone2801 and is exposed to the side surface of the mobile telephone 2801.The vibration conductor 2826, which is lower, is not originallypositioned at a corner part and is therefore guarded naturally.

FIG. 53 is an external perspective view in which each of thethirty-third embodiment of FIG. 52 and the modification example thereofis viewed from the front; FIG. 53A belongs to the thirty-thirdembodiment, and FIG. 53B belongs to the modification example thereof.The configuration in FIG. 53 also has much in common with thetwenty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 41 and the like; therefore, portionsthat are in common have been given like reference numerals, and adescription thereof has been omitted.

As is clear from FIG. 53A, a pair of vibration conductors 2824 and 2826are respectively exposed on the surface of the large-screen display unit205 of a mobile telephone 2801 in such a form as to be respectivelyguarded by the corner parts 2801 d and 2801 e of the mobile telephone2801. Similarly with respect to the twenty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 47,a vibration isolation material 2865 is also used in the thirty-thirdembodiment of FIG. 53A to fill in the space between the pair ofvibration conductors 2824 and 2826 and the mobile telephone 2801.

Herein, a description will be provided for the significance of theaforementioned configuration of the thirty-third embodiment illustratedin FIGS. 52 and 53. The corner parts 2801 d and 2801 e of the mobiletelephone 2801 are at sites that are suitable for coming up against thetragus or other ear cartilage, but are simultaneously also at sites thatfacilitate the direct application of impact when a drop or other eventoccurs. Accordingly, in a case assuming a configuration such as, forexample, that of the twenty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 47, the vibrationconductors 2524 and 2526, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 towhich same are bonded, the holding body 2516 thereof, and othervibration units must have a configuration that is resilient againstcollision. By contrast, according to the configuration of thethirty-third embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 52 and 53, the vibrationconductors 2524 and 2526 are guarded by the original corner parts 2801 dand 2801 e of the mobile telephone 2801; therefore, a countermeasure forimpacts is more readily realized than in the case of the twenty-ninthembodiment.

In the modification example of FIG. 53B as well, as is clear from thediagram, the vibration conductor 2824, which is the upper of the pair ofvibration conductors, is guarded by the corner part 2801 d of the mobiletelephone 2801 and is exposed to the side surface of the mobiletelephone 2801. The vibration conductor 2826, which is lower, ispositioned at a side surface that is less prone to the directapplication of impact. Similarly with respect to the case of FIG. 53A,the vibration isolation material 2865 is used to fill in the spacesbetween the pair of vibration conductors 2824 and 2826 and the mobiletelephone 2801.

In a case in which, as in the modification examples of the thirty-thirdembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 52B and 53B, the vibration conductors2824 and 2826 are provided to two points on the side surface (one pointof which is in the vicinity of the upper part corner 2801), it becomespossible for both to come up against two points of the ear cartilage inthe longitudinal direction. In such a case, when the space between thevibration conductor 2824 and the vibration conductor 2826 is on theorder of 2 to 5 cm, the upper vibration conductor 2824 is also able tocome up against the ear cartilage when the lower vibration conductor2826 comes up against the tragus. As shall be apparent, the use suchthat the upper vibration conductor 2824 is brought up against the tragusfor listening is discretionary. Similarly, in the case of thethirty-third embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 52A and 53A as well, thevibration conductors 2824 and 2826 can also be brought up against twopoints of the ear cartilage in the transverse direction. The divided useof the vibration conductor 2824 for abutting the right tragus and of thevibration conductor 2826 for abutting the right tragus, such as in thetwenty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 47, is also discretionary.

In any event, abutting the ear cartilage at two points permits theenergies of both the simultaneously vibrating vibration conductors 2824and 2826 to be introduced to the ear cartilage; the transmission istherefore energy-efficient. On the other hand, in a case in which themobile telephone 2801 is pushed strongly against the tragus to obtainthe earplug bone conduction effect, the pushing on and obstructing ofthe tragus is more readily achieved by bringing merely a singlevibration conductor at the corner part up against the tragus.

Thirty-fourth Embodiment

FIG. 54 is a transparent perspective view relating to a thirty-fourthembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, theembodiment being configured as a mobile telephone 2901. Thethirty-fourth embodiment is configured such that the side surface of thea mobile telephone 2901 is made to vibrate, as in the thirtiethembodiment of FIG. 48 and/or the thirty-first embodiment of FIG. 49, butboth side surfaces are made to be capable of vibrating so as to be ableto support both the case of right-hand-held and the case ofleft-hand-held usage. In other words, the thirty-fourth embodiment ofFIG. 54 substitutes the pair of vibration conductors 2824 and 2826 inthe thirty-third embodiment of FIG. 52A with a pair of vibrationconductors 2924 and 2926 for a side surface arrangement; the vibrationconductors 2924 and 2926 assume a vertically long shape so as to achievecontact with the ear cartilage over a broad range of the side surface.The holding structure of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 isshared with that of the thirty-third embodiment of FIG. 52A, but a moredetailed illustration has been omitted in order to avoid complication.

In the thirty-fourth embodiment, the color of the vibration conductors2924 and 2926 is made to be different from the color of the outer wallof the mobile telephone 2901, and the configuration may also be suchthat the user knows that the configuration is such that sound islistened to from the side surface and also knows what portion isthereupon brought up against the ear. On the other hand, in a case inwhich the user is notified that the configuration is such that sound islistened to from the side surface and what portion is thereupon broughtup against the ear, there may be employed a design for implementingsurface processing such that it is unknown whether the color of thevibration conductors 2924 and 2926 has been rendered as the same coloras the color of the outer wall of the mobile telephone 2901, and suchthat the boundary with the outer wall of the mobile telephone 2901 isfurther unknown. The configuration of the thirty-fourth embodiment isotherwise shared with that of, for example, the twenty-sixth embodimentof FIG. 41, and therefore portions that are in common have been givenlike reference numerals, and a description thereof has been omitted.

Thirty-fifth Embodiment

FIG. 55 is a transparent perspective view relating to a thirty-fifthembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, theembodiment being configured as a mobile telephone 3001. The thirty-fifthembodiment is also configured such that the two side surfaces of themobile telephone 3001 are made to vibrate across a broad range,similarly with respect to the thirty-fourth embodiment of FIG. 54.However, a point of difference from the thirty-fourth embodiment of FIG.54 lies in that a pair of piezoelectric bimorph elements 3024 and 3026are arranged in a vertically long position such that each of the twoside surfaces can be independently controlled. It accordingly becomespossible to cause only the one piezoelectric bimorph element that isbeing used to vibrate automatically, similarly with respect to the firstto third embodiments described in FIGS. 1 to 6. The holding of thepiezoelectric bimorph elements 3024 and 3026 can utilize the holdingstructures in each of the embodiments described in FIGS. 44 to 52 andthe like, as appropriate, and therefore a more detailed illustration hasbeen omitted in order to avoid complexity.

The thirty-fifth embodiment may also be configured such that, when thepiezoelectric bimorph elements 3024 and 3026 are arranged on the sidesurfaces, the piezoelectric bimorph elements 3024 and 3026 are coveredwith a material such as that of the vibration conductor 2527 in thethirtieth embodiment in FIG. 48, the color of the vibration conductorbeing made to be different from the color of the outer wall of themobile telephone 3001, such that the user learns that the configurationis such that sound is listened to from the side surface and knows whatportion is thereupon brought against the ear. On the other hand,similarly with respect to the thirty-fifth embodiment, in a case inwhich the user is notified that the configuration is such that sound islistened to from the side surface and is notified of what portion isthereupon brought up against the ear, the there may be employed a designfor implementing surface processing such that it is unknown whether thecolor of the vibration conductor has been rendered as the same color asthe color of the outer wall of the mobile telephone 3001, and such thatthe boundary with the other side surface portion in the outer wall ofthe mobile telephone 3001 is unknown. The configuration of thethirty-fifth embodiment is otherwise shared with that of, for example,the twenty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 41, and therefore portions that arein common have been given like reference numerals, and a descriptionthereof has been omitted.

Thirty-sixth Embodiment

FIG. 56 is a transparent perspective view relating to a thirty-sixthembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, and isconfigured as a mobile telephone 3101 and a mobile telephone 3201. Theconfiguration of the thirty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 56 is substantiallyconsistent with that of the thirty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 55, but themobile telephone is configured as a left-handed mobile telephone 3101illustrated in FIG. 56A and as a right-handed mobile telephone 3201illustrated in FIG. 56B so as to provide the market with the ability toselect either one. In other words, the left-handed mobile telephone 3101of FIG. 56A is provided with a piezoelectric bimorph element 3024 forcoming up against the left tragus, and the right-handed mobile telephone3201 illustrated in FIG. 56B is provided with a piezoelectric bimorphelement 3026 for coming up against the left tragus. Since usage islimited to a single side, for microphones and other outgoing-talk units,the left-handed mobile telephone 3101 of FIG. 56A is provided with aoutgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1223 at the bottom of the left sidesurface, and the right-handed mobile telephone 3201 of FIG. 56B isprovided with a outgoing-talk unit (microphone) 1123 at the bottom ofthe right side surface. The outgoing-talk units (microphones) 1123 or1223 are similar to those of the twelfth embodiment or the thirteenthembodiment; during a videoconferencing function in which thelarge-screen display unit 205 is being observed, the outgoing-talk units(microphones) 1123 and 1223, which serve as outgoing-talk units, areswitched, and are able to pick up audio uttered by the user while thelarge-screen display unit 205 is being observed.

In the thirty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 56, as described above, thepiezoelectric bimorph elements and/or microphones and otheraudio-related configurations relating to listening and speaking areintegrated at the side surface of the mobile telephone; and thevisual-related configuration of the large-screen display unit 205 andthe like is integrated at the front surface of the mobile telephone.Therefore, as the side surface is used when the mobile telephone 3101 or3201 is brought up against the face at the ear or the like and the frontsurface is used when the mobile telephone 3101 or 3201 is being watchedwith the eyes, the two surfaces of the mobile telephone 3101 or 3201describing a 90° angle can be used separately, and the front surface ofthe mobile telephone 3101 or 3201 can be prevented from having thedisplay surface 205 or the like fouled by the face.

In the thirty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 56, the side surface that is theopposite side at which the piezoelectric bimorph element 3024 or 3026 isnot arranged is primarily used to hold the mobile telephone, andtherefore, in a natural manner of holding with the hands, the sidesurface is covered with a material 3101 f or 3201 f that is rough to thetouch, facilitating holding and also permitting a clear understanding ofwhich side is brought up against the ear. The thirty-sixth embodiment,similarly with respect to the thirty-fifth embodiment, may also beconfigured such that the color of the vibration conductor for coveringthe piezoelectric bimorph element 3024 or 3026 is different from thecolor of the outer wall of the mobile telephone 3101 or 3201. In a casein which the side surface of the opposite side in the thirty-sixthembodiment is covered with the material 3101 f or 3201 f that is roughto the touch, as described above, then the side surface of the side forlistening to sound can be recognized, and accordingly there may beemployed a design for implementing surface processing such that it isunknown whether the color of the vibration conductor has been renderedas the same color as the color of the outer wall of the mobile telephone3101 or 3201, and such that the boundary with the other side surfaceportion in the outer wall of the mobile telephone 3101 or 3201 isfurther unknown. The configuration of the thirty-fifth embodiment isotherwise shared with that of, for example, the twenty-sixth embodimentof FIG. 41, and therefore portions that are in common have been givenlike reference numerals, and a description thereof has been omitted.

However, the terms “right-handed” and “left-handed” in the thirty-sixthembodiment anticipate, for example, a state in which the side surface towhich the piezoelectric bimorph element 3024 is provided comes upagainst the left ear cartilage when the side surface of the mobiletelephone 3101 comes up against the ear, without the wrist being turned,directly out of the state in which the mobile telephone 3101 of FIG. 56Ais held with the left hand and the display surface 205 is viewed.However, the user's method of use is discretionary; when the wrist isrotated 180° to turn the mobile telephone 3101 of FIG. 56A over when themobile telephone 3101 is held in the right hand and brought up againstthe ear, the side surface of the side to which the piezoelectric bimorphelement 3024 is provided can be brought up against the right earcartilage. Accordingly, the terms “right-handed” and “left-handed” aremerely provisional; the user is capable of purchasing either one andunrestrictedly selecting how to use same. The mobile telephone 3101 ofFIG. 56A can accordingly be identified as being “right-handed” for auser who turns the wrist for use in the manner described above.

Thirty-seventh Embodiment

FIG. 57 is a transparent perspective view relating to a thirty-seventhembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, and isconfigured as a mobile telephone 3301. The thirty-seventh embodiment ofFIG. 57 has many portions in common with the modification example of thetenth embodiment in FIG. 40; therefore, portions in common have beengiven like reference numerals, and a description thereof has beenomitted. A point of difference in the thirty-seventh embodiment from themodification example of the tenth embodiment lies in that thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is covered with a cartilageconduction output unit 3363, in which not only the front surface butalso the upper side and the front, rear, left, and right sides at thetop edge of the mobile telephone 3301 are formed of a material having anacoustic impedance approximating that of ear cartilage. This cartilageconduction output unit 3363, similarly with respect to the cartilageconduction output unit 963 in the tenth embodiment or in themodification example thereof, is formed using, for example, a siliconerubber; a mixture of a silicone rubber and a butadiene rubber; a naturalrubber; or a material having a structure formed using these varieties ofrubber in which air bubbles are sealed.

According to the configuration of the thirty-seventh embodiment,cartilage conduction can be obtained by any site anywhere on the top ofthe mobile telephone 3301 coming up against ear cartilage; therefore,sound can be listened to at an optimal volume merely by bringing the toppart of the mobile telephone 3301 up against the ear, regardless of thelocation thereon.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be restricted to individual respective embodiments; they can besubstituted or combined with other appropriate embodiments.

Thirty-eighth Embodiment

FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional block diagram relating to a thirty-eighthembodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, and isconfigured as a mobile telephone 3401. The thirty-eighth embodiment ofFIG. 58 shares many portions with the twenty-sixth embodiment or thetwenty-seventh embodiment, and therefore portions that are in commonhave been given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 42 and adescription thereof has been omitted. A point of difference in thethirty-eighth embodiment from the twenty-sixth embodiment or from thetwenty-seventh embodiment lies in it being configured such that thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525, which is constituted of apiezoelectric bimorph element, is anchored to a chassis structure 3426of the mobile telephone 3401, and the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525 is transmitted to the entire surface ofthe mobile telephone 3401. In anchoring the piezoelectric bimorphelement constituting the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525, toactively transmit the vibration thereof, the gap 2504 such as in FIG.44B is not provided, but rather there is a close bond to the chassisstructure 3426, and the vibration in the primary vibration direction(the Y-Y′ direction) is likely to be transmitted to the chassisstructure 3426. The entire surface of the mobile telephone 3401 therebyacts as a vibration conductor, and cartilage conduction can be obtainedregardless of what location on the surface of the mobile telephone 3401is brought up against the ear cartilage.

Because the thirty-eighth embodiment has the aforementionedconfiguration, in a case in which a large portion of the surface area ofthe front surface or the back surface of the mobile telephone 3401 isbrought up against the entire cartilage of the ear, similarly withrespect to the fifth to ninth embodiments, the vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is transmitted to the earcartilage over a broad contacted surface area of the surface of themobile telephone 3401 via the chassis structure 3426. Air conductionsound that is generated by the vibration of the surface of the mobiletelephone 3401 is also transmitted from the external auditory meatus tothe tympanic membrane. Sound source information from the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525 can thereby be heard as a loud sound.The surface of the mobile telephone 3401 that is brought up against theear assumes a form such that the external auditory meatus is obstructed,and therefore environment noise can be blocked. Increasing the forcepushing the mobile telephone 3401 against the ear furthermore gives theresult of substantially completely obstructing the external auditorymeatus, and sound source information from the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525 can be heard as an even louder sound due to theearplug bone conduction effect.

In a case in which the side surface of the thirty-eighth embodiment isbrought up against the ear cartilage, then the front surface of themobile telephone to which the display surface and the like are providedcan be prevented from being fouled by contact with the face, similarlywith respect to the eleventh to fourteenth embodiments, the thirtiethembodiment, the thirty-first embodiment, the modification example of thethirty-third embodiment, and the thirty-fourth to thirty-sixthembodiments. Furthermore, in a case in which the upper edge corner ofthe thirty-eighth embodiment is brought up against the ear cartilage,contact with the tragus is readily achieved, and pushing on the tragusto obstruct the external auditory meatus can readily obtain the earplugbone conduction effect, similarly with respect to the first to fourthembodiments, the tenth embodiment and the modification example thereof,the twenty-sixth to twenty-ninth embodiments, and the thirty-thirdembodiment. The thirty-seventh embodiment of FIG. 57 is configured suchthat cartilage conduction can be obtained by any site anywhere on thetop of the mobile telephone 3301 being brought up against ear cartilage,but the thirty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 58 expands on this feature; itis possible to listen to sound at an optimal volume merely by bringingthe upper part of the mobile telephone 3401 up against the ear, atanywhere on the surface of the mobile telephone 3401, regardless of theplace.

In the thirty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 58, the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525 is anchored to the chassis structure 3426 suchthat the primary vibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorphelement (the Y-Y′ direction) assumes an orientation orthogonal to thatof a GUI display unit 3405 (conceptualized in the block diagram in FIG.58, but is the large-screen display unit 205 having a touch panelfunction, when calling on the perspective view of FIG. 41, which relatesto the twenty-sixth embodiment) (A cross-section of the anchoring is notillustrated in FIG. 58, but the manner of the anchoring will bedescribed later). A large portion of the surface area of the frontsurface or the rear surface of the mobile telephone 3401, to which theGUI display unit 3405 is provided, thereby vibrates efficiently. Thereis comparatively less energy in the non-vibration direction of thepiezoelectric bimorph element (the X-X′ direction), due to the anchoringof the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525, but because vibrationdoes occur, sound can be listened to by cartilage conduction whenever aside surface of the mobile telephone 3401 is brought up against the earcartilage. It shall be noted that the GUI display unit 3405 of FIG. 58is illustrated as a consolidation of the large-screen display unit 205of FIG. 42, the display driver 41, and the touch panel driver 2470.

In the embodiment of FIG. 58, similarly with respect to thetwenty-seventh embodiment, a function is selected by a motion sensor forthe contactless detection of the motion of the finger in the vicinity ofthe GUI display unit 3405, and an impact detection function of thepiezoelectric bimorph element constituting the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525 is utilized as an impact sensor for detecting thetouch of a finger for determining the selected function. The impactsensor 3442 illustrated in FIG. 58 has a function similar to that of thepressure sensor 242 illustrated in FIG. 9, and extracts an impactdetection signal of the piezoelectric bimorph element. Theaforementioned arrangement of the primary vibration direction of thepiezoelectric bimorph element (the Y-Y′ direction) to be orientedorthogonally with respect to that of the GUI display unit 3405 is suitedfor detecting a touch from the front surface or the back surface of themobile telephone 3401. The embodiment of FIG. 58, similarly with respectto the twenty-seventh embodiment, has the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 2525 serve a dual purpose as a low frequency output element fortouch sensation feedback, but the aforementioned arrangement of theprimary vibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorph element (theY-Y′ direction) is suited for efficiently transmitting feedbackvibration to a finger for a touch from the front surface or back surfaceof the mobile telephone 3401. The embodiment of FIG. 58, similarly withrespect to the description in the twenty-sixth embodiment, has thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 serve a dual purpose as avibration source of a vibrator for providing a noiseless notification ofan incoming call to the mobile telephone 3401.

The embodiment of FIG. 58, further similarly with respect to the fourthembodiment and similarly with respect to the twenty-seventh embodiment,is configured such that a horizontal stationary state is detected by theacceleration sensor 49, and when this is true, the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525 is prohibited from vibrating. The potentialgeneration of vibration noise with a desk due to the output of the otherparty's voice can thereby be prevented in a case in which the mobiletelephone 3401 is placed on a desk or the like during a call. It is alsoappropriate to activate the aforementioned GUI operation or incomingcall vibrator function in a case in which the mobile telephone 3401 isplaced on a desk or the like, and thereof in such a case, theconfiguration is such that the cartilage conduction vibration source2525 is not prohibited from vibrating whenever the horizontal stationarystate is detected by the acceleration sensor 49. A more detaileddescription of this point will be provided later as a function of thecontroller 3439.

To configure the embodiment of FIG. 58 such that the chassis structure3426 of the mobile telephone 3401 is actively made to vibrate, there isthe possibility that such vibration will be transmitted to themicrophone 223 and result in the Larsen effect. As a countermeasurethereof, in order to block acoustic conduction between the chassisstructure 3426 and microphone 223 of the mobile telephone 3401, aninsulation ring unit 3465 having an acoustic impedance different fromthat of the chassis structure 3426 is provided in between the two. Acountermeasure for preventing the Larsen effect in a circuit-like manneris achieved using a signal conduction pathway from theoutgoing-talk-processing unit 222 to the incoming-talk-processing unit212 in the telephone function unit 45.

FIG. 59 is a back surface transparent view and cross-sectional viewillustrating the manner in which the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 2525 is anchored to the chassis structure 3426 of the mobiletelephone 3401 in the thirty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 58. FIG. 59A is aback surface perspective view illustrating a part of the top end side ofthe mobile telephone 3401 of the thirty-eighth embodiment, and FIG. 59Bis a cross-sectional view illustrating the B-B cross-section of FIG.59A. FIG. 59C is a transparent perspective view in which a part of thetop end side in a modification example of the thirty-eighth embodimentis viewed from the side surface of the opposite side. The configurationof the piezoelectric bimorph element is similar to that in FIG. 44B, andtherefore portions that are in common have been given like referencenumerals.

As is clear from FIG. 59A, in the thirty-eighth embodiment, the metalsheet 2597 of the piezoelectric bimorph element constituting thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is arranged so as to beparallel to the front surface of the mobile telephone 3401; as a resultthereof, the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is anchored tothe chassis structure 3426 such that the Y-Y′ direction, which is theprimary vibration direction, is oriented to be orthogonal to the GUIdisplay unit 3405. As is clear from FIG. 59B, the piezoelectric bimorphelement constituting the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 istightly secured on the inner side of the chassis structure 3426 withoutany gap, the configuration being such that the vibration in the primaryvibration direction (the Y-Y′ direction) is prone to being transmittedto the surface of the chassis structure 3426.

In a modification example of the thirty-eighth embodiment in FIG. 59C,the metal sheet 2597 of the piezoelectric bimorph element constitutingthe cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is arranged so as to bein parallel with the side surface of the mobile telephone 3401; as aresult thereof, the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 isanchored to the chassis structure 3426 such that the Y-Y′ direction,which is the primary vibration direction, is oriented to be orthogonalto the side surface of the mobile telephone 3401. Cartilage conductioncan thereby be efficiently obtained when the side surface of the mobiletelephone 3401 is brought up against the ear. There is comparativelyless energy in the non-vibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorphelement (the X-X′ direction), due to the anchoring of the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525, but because vibration does occur,sound can be listened to by cartilage conduction whenever the frontsurface or back surface of the mobile telephone 3401 is brought upagainst the ear cartilage. In the modification example of thethirty-eighth embodiment in FIG. 59C as well, similarly with respect toFIG. 59B, the piezoelectric bimorph element constituting the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525 is tightly secured to the inner side ofthe chassis structure 3426, without any gap, the configuration beingsuch that the vibration in the primary vibration direction (the Y-Y′direction) is likely to be transmitted to the surface of the chassisstructure 3426.

FIG. 60 is a flow chart of the operation of a controller 3439 in thethirty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 58. The flow of FIG. 60 illustrates anabstraction of the operation that focuses on related functions, in orderto primarily provide a description of the control of the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525; the controller 3439 also containstypical functions of mobile telephones and other operations notrepresented in the flow of FIG. 60. The flow of FIG. 60 begins when amain power source of the mobile telephone 3401 is turned on; in stepS262 an initial startup and a check of each unit function are performedand a screen display on the GUI display unit 3405 is started.Subsequently, in step S264, the function of the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525 is turned off and the flow moves on to step S266.

In step S266, there is performed a check for whether or not the mobiletelephone 3401 is in the middle of a call. When the line is newlyconnected, a call is in progress and therefore the flow proceeds to stepS268, in which the outgoing-talk-processing unit 222 and theincoming-talk-processing unit 212 are turned on; the flow then moves onto step S270. In a case in which the line is connected and a call hasalready been in progress, the flow proceeds from step S266 to step S268;in such a case, the outgoing-talk-processing unit 222 and theincoming-talk-processing unit 212 are continuously kept on and the flowmoves on to step S270.

In step S270, there is performed a check for whether or not a horizontalstationary state has been detected by the acceleration sensor 49; whenthere is no horizontal stationary state, the flow moves on to step S272,which turns on the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525, whereuponthe flow moves on to step S274. However, when the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525 is already on, the on state continues. On theother hand, when there is a detection of a horizontal stationary statein step S270, the flow proceeds to step S276, which checks for whetherthe outgoing-talk-processing unit 222 and the incoming-talk-processingunit 212 are in an on state. Then, in such a case, since an on state isin effect, the flow proceeds to step S278. The cartilage conductionvibration source 2525 is turned off and the flow moves on to step S274.When the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is already off, theoff state continues. In step S274, there is performed a check forwhether or not a call is in progress; when a call is in progress, theflow returns to step S270. Thereafter, as long as a call is in progress,steps S270 to S278 are repeated. In this manner, when the mobiletelephone 3401 is temporarily placed on a desk or the like during acall, then whenever the voice of the other party is received, thevibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 isinterrupted therebetween, and the generation of uncomfortable noise fromvibration with the desk is prevented. As shall be apparent, when ahorizontal stationary state is not detected in step S270, the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525 is turned on in step S272 and the callis reactivated.

On the other hand, when it is detected in step S266 that a state inwhich a call is not in progress is in effect or that a call is not inprogress due to the termination of the call, the flow proceeds to stepS280, the outgoing-talk-processing unit 222 and theincoming-talk-processing unit 212 are turned off, and the flow moves onto step S282. However, when the outgoing-talk-processing unit 222 andthe incoming-talk-processing unit 212 are off, the off state continuesand the flow moves on to step S282. In step S282, there is performed acheck for whether there is an incoming call; when there is no incomingcall, the flow moves on to step S284, in which there is performed acheck for whether or not a GUI mode is in effect. Then, when a GUI modeis in effect, the flow proceeds to step S286, in which there is impactsensor detection processing; then, in step S288, there is touchsensation feedback processing, and the flow moves on to step S290. Theflow moves directly on to step S290 when there is no operation at all,and when there is an operation, Steps S286 and S288 perform processingfor implementing impact sensor detection and touch sensation feedback,which are based on the operation.

In step S290, the low frequency source 2436 is turned on and preparedfor the input of a touch sensation feedback signal or the like. The flowthen proceeds to step S270, in which there is a check for the presenceor absence of a detection of a horizontal stationary state. Then, whenthere is no horizontal stationary state, the flow moves on to step S272,in which the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is turned on andprepared for the input of a touch sensation feedback signal or the like.The flow moves on to step S276 when a horizontal stationary state isdetected in step S270, but in such a case, the outgoing-talk-processingunit 222 and the incoming-talk-processing unit 212 are not on, andtherefore the flow still moves on to step S272, and the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525 is turned on. In this manner, thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is turned on when the lowfrequency source 2436 is turned on, even when a horizontal stationarystate is detected. When the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525is turned on, the impact sensor function thereof is also maintained.

On the other hand, when an incoming call is detected in step S282, theflow proceeds to step S292, a “vibe” signal for providing a notificationof the incoming call is outputted; the flow then moves on to step S290.In such a case as well, the low frequency source 2436 is turned on instep S290 and the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is turnedon in step S272, but the flow also moves on to step S272 even when thehorizontal stationary state is detected in step S270, and the fact thatthe cartilage conduction unit 2525 is turned on is a point of similaritywith the case in which the GUI mode is in effect.

When it is detected in step S274 that no call is in progress, the flowmoves on to step S296, in which there is performed a check for whetherthe primary power supply has been turned off. Once the low frequencysource 2436 is turned on in step S290, no call is in progress even whenstep S274 is reached, and therefore the flow moves on to step S296. Whenthere is no detection made in step S284 that a GUI mode is in effect,the flow proceeds to step S294, the low frequency source 2436 is turnedoff, and the flow then arrives at step 296. When it is detected in stepS296 that the primary power supply has been turned off, the flow isterminated. On the other hand, in a case in which there is no detectionmade in step S296 that the primary power supply is off, the flow returnsto step S266, following which steps S266 to S296 are repeated andvarious situational changes are supported.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be limited to the above embodiments; rather, wherever it is possibleto benefit from the feature of an embodiment, same can also beimplemented in other aspects. The various features of each of theembodiments described above are not to be restricted to individualrespective embodiments, but rather can be substituted or combined withother appropriate embodiments. For example, regarding the control of thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 relating to beinghorizontally stationary, the thirty-eighth embodiment described abovecan be configured such that, in a case in which there is check forwhether or not a videoconferencing function mode is in effect and themode is in effect, the videoconferencing function speaker is turned onin tandem with the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 beingturned off in step S278 of FIG. 60.

The mode in the thirty-eighth embodiment in which the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525 is supported by the chassis structure3426 of the mobile telephone 3401 is not to be limited to a rigid,direct anchoring such as in the thirty-eighth embodiment. For example,the rigid support may be indirect, via another holding structure,provided that it remains possible to transmit vibration. The support isalso not necessarily limited to being rigid; rather, holding may beachieved via an elastic body, provided that the acoustic impedance isapproximated and vibration is transmitted to the chassis surface.

Thirty-ninth Embodiment

FIG. 61 is a cross-sectional view relating to a thirty-ninth embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention as well as to variousmodification examples thereof, and is configured as mobile telephones3501 a to 3501 d. The thirty-ninth embodiment is consistent with, forexample, the thirty-eighth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 58 to 60,except for the arrangement of the cartilage conduction vibration source2525, which is constituted of a piezoelectric bimorph element (and whichhereinafter is described using the example of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525). Therefore, the diagram does not contain those portionsfor which no description is needed, and of the illustrated portions,shared portions have been given like reference numerals, a descriptionthereof having been omitted unless there is a particular need.

FIG. 61A relates to the thirty-ninth embodiment, and is across-sectional view in which the mobile telephone 3501 a is viewed fromabove as being cut in a plane that is perpendicular to the side surfacethereof and to the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405. As isclear from the diagram, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 isarranged along one side surface of the mobile telephone 3501 a as in themodification example of the thirty-eighth embodiment in FIG. 59C.However, in the thirty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 61, the primaryvibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 (the Y-Y′direction) is not perpendicular to the side surface, but rather issupported so as to incline relative to the side surface. Morespecifically, the side surface of the thirty-ninth embodiment isprovided with an inclined side surface 3507 a to which four beveled sidesurface ridge portions are provided; the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 has a primary vibration surface (the “outer surface of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 that is in parallel with the metalsheet 2597” is defined as the “primary vibration surface”) that isbonded to one inner side of the inclined side surface 3507 a forsupport. The primary vibration direction (which is the Y-Y′ direction,and is the direction perpendicular to the primary vibration surface) ofthe piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 thereby becomes perpendicular tothe inclined side surface 3507 a.

Due to such a structure, the user of the mobile telephone 3501 a canprevent the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405 from beingfouled by contact with the cheek, and can also readily bring theinclined side surface 3507 a of the mobile telephone 3501 a up againstthe ear cartilage. The configuration, which integrates the audio-relatedconfiguration into the side surface of the mobile telephone andintegrates the visual-related configuration into the front surface ofthe mobile telephone, as has already been described in the otherembodiments, is significant in that the uses of the two surfaces of themobile telephone 3501 a can be divided such that the side surface isutilized when the mobile telephone 3501 a is brought up against the earor other part of the face and the front surface is utilized when themobile telephone is watched with the eyes, and in that the front surfaceof the mobile telephone 3501 a can be prevented from having the displaysurface of the GUI display unit 3405 fouled by the face. However, ratherthan causing the side surface in its entirety to make perpendicularcontact with the ear during the usage of the side surface, it is alsopossible to conceive of a usage state in which the mobile telephone 3501a is caused to make contact with the ear such that the display surfaceof the GUI display unit 3405 is turned slightly toward the face. Thethirty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 61A is configured in anticipation ofsuch usage.

As mentioned above, the thirty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 61A has thedirection of arrow 25A serving as the primary vibration direction in theinclined side surface 3507 a, in which the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 is bonded to the inner side, but since the primary vibrationdirection is inclined, there is created a vibration component having adirection that is perpendicular to the display surface of the GUIdisplay unit 3405, illustrated by arrow 25B. A side surface vibrationcomponent illustrated by arrow 25C is also created. Sound can thereby belistened to even in a case in which the front surface of the mobiletelephone 3501 a (the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405) orthe back surface thereof, and, furthermore, either of the two sidesurfaces of the mobile telephone 3501 a, is brought up against the earcartilage. Any position of the mobile telephone 3501 a can accordinglybe discretionarily used, taking the direction of arrow 25A as the bestdirection. In the thirty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 61A, the inclined sidesurface 3507 a assumes an incline that is close to the display surfaceof the GUI display unit 3405; therefore, the vibration component of thedirection illustrated by arrow 25B is greater than the vibrationcomponent of the direction illustrated by arrow 25C.

FIG. 61B is a first modification example of the thirty-ninth embodiment;the mobile telephone 3501 b is configured such that the incline of theinclined side surface 3507 b is substantially 45° relative to thedisplay surface of the GUI display unit 3405, whereby the vibrationcomponent of the direction illustrated by arrow 25B becomessubstantially even with the vibration component of the directionillustrated by arrow 25C. By contrast, FIG. 61C is a second modificationexample of the thirty-ninth embodiment. The mobile telephone 3501 c isconfigured such that the inclined side surface 3507 c assumes an inclinethat is close to the side surface, whereby the vibration component ofthe direction illustrated by arrow 25C becomes greater than thevibration component of the direction illustrated by arrow 25B.

FIGS. 61A to 61C are extreme illustrations for describing a broadoverview of the inclines, but the extreme directivity in the vibrationof the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is not maintained after havingbeen transmitted to the mobile telephones 3501 a to 3501 c; therefore,subtle changes in the orientation of the primary vibration direction ofthe piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 provided to the side surface ofthe mobile telephone will not incur perceptible changes to the vibrationcomponents. However, there is great significance in adjusting thearrangement direction of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 as inthe thirty-ninth embodiment and the modification examples thereof, whenthe best position of the contact with the ear cartilage is considered.For example, in a case as in FIGS. 61A to 61C in which a planar inclinedside surface is provided, it is of practical utility for the frontsurface of the mobile telephones 3501 a to 3501 c (the display surfaceof the GUI display unit 3405) and the inclined side surfaces 3507 a to3507 c to be imparted with an incline of between approximately 30 to60°.

FIG. 61D is a third modification example of the thirty-ninth embodiment;the side surface of a mobile telephone 3501 d serves as asemicylindrical surface 3507 d. The configuration is such that supportis provided by pushing on the inner side of the semicylindrical surface3507 d such that the primary vibration direction of arrow 25A assumes asubstantially 45° angle relative to the display surface of the GUIdisplay unit 3405, and the vibration component of the directionillustrated by arrow 25B becomes substantially equivalent to thevibration component of the direction illustrated by arrow 25C. The useris thereby able to bring up against the ear cartilage any desired placeacross the front surface of the mobile telephone 3501 d (the displaysurface of the GUI display unit 3405) or across the back surfacethereof, from the semicylindrical surface 3507 d of the side surface. Inthe third modification example of the thirty-ninth embodiment of FIG.61D, the primary vibration direction of arrow 25A is not limited to acase of having a substantially 45° angle relative to the display surfaceof the GUI display unit 3405, and can be established in various inclinessuch as in FIGS. 61A to 61C. Another possible configuration is one inwhich it is possible to adjust the incline of holding and in which aservice for altering the incline in accordance with the user's desirecan be provided.

Fortieth Embodiment

FIG. 62 represents cross-sectional views and a transparent perspectiveview of the elements relating to a fortieth embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention as well as to various modificationexamples thereof, and is configured as mobile telephones 3601 a to 3601c. The fortieth embodiment is also consistent with the thirty-eighthembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 58 to 60, except for the arrangement ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source 2525, which is constituted ofa piezoelectric bimorph element (and which hereinafter is describedusing the example of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525). Therefore,the diagram does not contain those portions for which no description isneeded, and of the illustrated portions, shared portions have been givenlike reference numerals, a description thereof having been omittedunless there is a particular need.

FIG. 62A relates to the fortieth embodiment, and is a cross-sectionalview in which the mobile telephone 3601 a is viewed from above as beingcut in a plane that is perpendicular to a side surface 3607 thereof andto the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405. As is clear fromthe diagram, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is arranged alongone side surface 3607 of the mobile telephone 3601 a as in themodification example of the thirty-eighth embodiment in FIG. 59C.However, in the fortieth embodiment of FIG. 62, similarly with respectto the thirty-ninth embodiment, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525has a primary vibration direction (the Y-Y′ direction) that is notperpendicular to the side surface, the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 being supported so as to be inclined relative to the side surface3607. The fortieth embodiment is configured such that the vibrationsfrom the primary vibration surfaces of the two sides of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 are respectively transmitted to themutually orthogonal side surface 3607 and display surface of the GUIdisplay unit 3405.

More specifically, the chassis of the mobile telephone 3601 a of thefortieth embodiment in FIG. 62A is provided with a first supportstructure 3600 a that extends to the inner side from the side surface3607, and is bonded to one primary vibration surface of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525; and is also provided with a secondsupport structure 3600 b that extends to the inner side from the chassison the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405, and is bonded tothe other primary vibration surface of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525. The primary vibration in the direction illustrated by arrow 25A isthereby broken down into the vibration component illustrated by arrow25D and the vibration component illustrated by arrow 25E having adirection orthogonal thereto, each of which being respectivelytransmitted to the side surface 3607 and the chassis surface on thedisplay surface of the GUI display unit 3405. In this manner, thevibration of the two primary vibration surfaces in the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is transmitted broken down into orthogonaldirections of the mobile telephone 3601 a; and the vibration of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 can be heard regardless of whichportion of the front surface, the back surface, or the side surface ofthe mobile telephone 3601 a is brought up against the ear cartilage. Thefortieth embodiment in FIG. 62A is provided with the first supportstructure 3600 a and the second support structure 3600 b so as tosandwich the same portion of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 fromtwo sides.

By contrast, FIG. 62B is a transparent perspective view in which theelements of the mobile telephone 3601 b of a first modification exampleof the fortieth embodiment are viewed from within. As is clear from FIG.62B, in the first modification example of the fortieth embodiment, thefirst support structure 3600 a and the second support structure 3600 bare provided so as to be bonded to the mobile telephone 3601 b inpositions where the primary vibration surfaces facing the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 mutually cross. The operation to bond to thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is thereby facilitated, the degree offreedom with which the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 vibrates isless inhibited, and the vibration thereof can be efficiently transmittedto the chassis of the mobile telephone 3601 b.

FIG. 62C is a cross-sectional view in which the mobile telephone 3601 cof a second modification example of the fortieth embodiment is viewedfrom the side having been cut along a plane that is perpendicular to aside surface 3607 a and the top surface. In the fortieth embodiment ofFIG. 62A, the primary vibration directions of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 are broken down into vibration components having directionsperpendicular to the front surface and the side surfaces respectively,but in the second modification example of the fortieth embodiment inFIG. 62C, the primary vibration directions of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 are broken down into vibration components having directionsthat are perpendicular to the front surface and the top surfacerespectively.

More specifically, as is clear from FIG. 62C, the chassis of the mobiletelephone 3601 c in the second modification example of the fortiethembodiment is provided with a first support structure 3600 c thatextends to the inner side from the top surface, and is bonded to oneprimary vibration surface of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525. Thechassis of the mobile telephone 3601 c in the second modificationexample of the fortieth embodiment is also provided with a secondsupport structure 3600 d that extends to the inner side from the chassison the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405, and is bonded tothe other primary vibration surface of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525. The primary vibration in the direction illustrated by arrow 25A isthereby broken down into the vibration component illustrated by arrow25F and the vibration component illustrated by arrow 25E having adirection orthogonal thereto, each being respectively transmitted to thetop surface and the chassis surface on the display surface of the GUIdisplay unit 3405. In this manner, the vibration of the two primaryvibration surfaces in the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 istransmitted broken down into orthogonal directions of the mobiletelephone 3601 c; the vibration of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 can be heard regardless of which portion of the front surface, theback surface, the top surface, or the bottom surface of the mobiletelephone 3601 c is brought up against the ear cartilage. The secondmodification example of the fortieth embodiment in FIG. 62C has across-sectional view of a form in which the first support structure 3600c and the second support structure 3600 d are provided such that thesame portion of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is sandwichedfrom both sides, similarly with respect to FIG. 62A; however, theconfiguration may be such that, as in FIG. 62B, crossing portions of thetwo surfaces of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 are respectivelybonded.

The second modification example of the fortieth embodiment in FIG. 62Cis not only suited for listening to sound by bringing the front surfaceor the rear surface of the mobile telephone 3601 c alongside the earcartilage, but is also appropriate for usage in which the top surface ofthe mobile telephone 3601 c is brought up against the ear cartilage insuch a form as to lightly push upward. This embodiment is alsoappropriate in that by such usage, not only is the display surfaceprevented from being fouled by contact with the face, but increasing theforce pushing upward on the top surface obstructs the external auditorymeatus with the tragus, and the earplug bone conduction effect isreadily created.

Forty-first Embodiment

FIG. 63 is a cross-sectional view relating to a forty-first embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, and is configured as amobile telephone 3701. The forty-first embodiment is also consistentwith the thirty-eighth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 58 to 60, exceptfor the arrangement of the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525,which is constituted of a piezoelectric bimorph element (and whichhereinafter is described using the example of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525); therefore, the diagram does not contain those portionsfor which no description is needed, and of the illustrated portions,shared portions have been given like reference numerals, a descriptionthereof having been omitted unless there is a particular need.

FIG. 63A is a cross-sectional view in which the mobile telephone 3701 ofthe forty-first embodiment is viewed from above as being cut in a planethat is perpendicular to a side surface 3707 thereof and to the displaysurface of the GUI display unit 3405. As is clear from the diagram, thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is arranged along the top surface ofthe mobile telephone 3701 as in the thirty-eighth embodiment in FIG.59A. The primary vibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 (the Y-Y′ direction) is a direction that is perpendicularto the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405. Specifically, themiddle portion of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is bonded to asupport structure 3700 a that extends to the inner side from the backsurface of the mobile telephone 3701, and the two end portions of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 are supported together as free endsin a state in which vibration is not hampered. As a result, thecounteraction of the free vibration of the two end portions of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 as illustrated by arrow 25G and arrow25H is transmitted to the chassis of the mobile telephone 3701 via thesupport structure 3700 a from the middle portion of the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525.

FIG. 63B is a cross-sectional view in which the B-B cross-section ofFIG. 63A is viewed from the side of the mobile telephone 3701; it can beunderstood that the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is supported bythe support structure 3700 a in which the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 extends to the inner side from the back surface of the mobiletelephone 3701, and also that the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 isarranged along the top surface of the mobile telephone 3701. As shown inFIG. 63, the structure, in which a part of the primary vibration surfaceof the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is supported on the inner sideof the chassis of the mobile telephone 3701 and a part of the primaryvibration surface is permitted to unrestrictedly vibrate in anunsupported manner, is appropriate for efficiently transmitting thevibration of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 to the chassis ofthe mobile telephone without adding any substantive change to theacoustic properties thereof. The support at the middle of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 such as in the forty-first embodimentis also particularly appropriate in a case of a piezoelectric bimorphelement having a terminal positioned at the middle of the element, as inthe thirty-second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 51.

FIG. 64 illustrates various modification examples of the forty-firstembodiment of FIG. 63, and, similarly with respect to FIG. 63A, is across-sectional view in which the mobile telephone 3701 is viewed fromabove as being cut in a plane that is perpendicular to the side surface3707 thereof and to the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405.

FIG. 64A is a first modification example of the forty-first embodiment,and is particularly suited to a case in which the terminal 2525 b of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is positioned at an end part of theelement, the center of gravity is unbalanced, and the free vibration ofthe terminal 2525 b illustrated by arrow 25G is slightly confined by theelectrode connection to the element, compared to the vibration of theentire free end illustrated by arrow 25H. To compensate for theunbalancing, the first modification example of FIG. 64A shifts theposition of the support structure 3701 b to the left in the diagramcompared to the support structure 3700 a of the forty-first embodimentof FIG. 63.

FIG. 64B is a second modification example of the forty-first embodiment;each of the two ends of the piezoelectric bimorph element is bonded to apair of support structures 3700 c and 3700 d that extend to the innerside from the back surface of the mobile telephone 3701. The vibrationof the middle portion of the piezoelectric bimorph element illustratedby arrow 251 is thereby freed, and the counteraction of this vibrationis transmitted to the chassis of the mobile telephone 3701 via thesupport structures 3700 c and 3700 d.

FIG. 64C is a third modification example of the forty-first embodiment,the terminal 2525 b being bonded to a support structure 3700 e extendinginward from the back surface of the mobile telephone 3701, whereby thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is supported on a cantileverstructure. The counteraction of the vibration of the free ends of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 illustrated by arrow 25H is therebytransmitted to the chassis of the mobile telephone 3701 via the supportstructure 3700 e.

FIG. 64D is a fourth modification example of the forty-first embodiment;the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is bonded to the inner side ofthe chassis of the back surface of the mobile telephone 3701 interposedby a two-sided bonding sheet 3700 f comprising an elastic body. Thetwo-sided bonding sheet 3700 f comprising an elastic body is made usingan elastic body that has conductivity from the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 to the chassis (a silicone rubber; a mixture of a siliconerubber and a butadiene rubber; a natural rubber; a structure formedusing these varieties of rubber in which air bubbles are sealed; or thelike) or the like. Due to such elastic bonding, each portion of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 obtains a degree of free vibrationillustrated by arrows 25G, 25H, and 25I, and the vibration thereof istransmitted to the chassis of the mobile telephone 3701 via thetwo-sided bonding sheet 3700 f.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be restricted to individual respective embodiments, but rather can besubstituted or combined with other appropriate embodiments. For example,the support structure of the forty-first embodiment in FIGS. 63 and 64,in which consideration is given to the free vibration of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525, can also be applied to the case ofthe inclined holding of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 in thethirty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 61 and the fortieth embodiment of FIG.62. Specifically, the support structure in FIG. 62B has a point incommon in the sense that the two ends of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 are supported and the middle part is freed. There is nolimitation to this example; for example, rather than bonding the entirevibration plane to the inner side of the inclined side surface, it isalso possible in the thirty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 61 and themodification examples thereof to provide a projection unit analogous tothe support structure 3700 a of FIG. 63A to the inclined side surface,only the middle portion of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 beingbonded thereto to make the two end parts thereof into free ends.Alternatively, it is also possible in the thirty-ninth embodiment ofFIG. 61 and the modification examples thereof to interpose an elasticbody, as in the fourth modification example of the forty-firstembodiment in FIG. 64D, when the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 isbonded.

The implementation of the features of the present invention describedabove is not to be limited to the aspects in the above embodiments; theinvention can be implemented using other aspects as well, wherever it ispossible to benefit from the advantages thereof. For example, althoughthe thirty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 61 has been described with thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 being bonded to and supported by theinner side of the inclined side surface inside the mobile telephone, thespecific structure for support is not to be limited thereto. Forexample, referring to the thirty-first embodiment of FIG. 49, thestructure may be one in which a groove may be provided to the outer sideof the inclined side surface and the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525is fitted into this groove from the outer side.

Forty-second Embodiment

FIG. 65 is a cross-sectional view relating to a forty-second embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, and is configured as amobile telephone 3801. The forty-second embodiment is consistent withthe thirty-eighth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 58 to 60, except forthe arrangement of the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525, whichis constituted of a piezoelectric bimorph element (and which hereinafteris described using the example of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525), and except for the holding structure thereof; therefore, thediagram does not contain those portions for which no description isneeded, and of the illustrated portions, shared portions have been givenlike reference numerals, a description thereof having been omittedunless there is a particular need.

FIG. 65A is a cross-sectional view in which the mobile telephone 3801 ofthe forty-second embodiment is viewed from above as being cut in a planethat is perpendicular to a side surface 3807 thereof and to the displaysurface of the GUI display unit 3405. FIG. 65B is a cross-sectional viewin which the B-B cross-section of FIG. 65A is viewed from the side ofthe mobile telephone 3801. As is clear from FIG. 65A, the piezoelectricelement 2525 is arranged along the top surface of the mobile telephone3801, similarly with respect to the thirty-eighth embodiment in FIG.59A, the forty-first embodiment in FIG. 63, or the like. The primaryvibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is thedirection perpendicular to the display surface of the GUI display unit3405, as illustrated by arrow 25G. Thus, the forty-second embodiment ofFIG. 65, in essence, has one side of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 supported by a cantilever structure, similarly with respect to themodification example of the forty-first embodiment illustrated in FIG.64C. The counteraction of the vibration of the free end of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 illustrated by arrow 25G is therebytransmitted to the chassis of the mobile telephone 3801.

A point of difference in the forty-second embodiment of FIG. 65 from themodification example of the forty-first embodiment illustrated in FIG.64C lies in it being configured such that an upper part corner 3824,which is a site on the chassis of the mobile telephone 3801 that isappropriate for being brought up against the tragus or other earcartilage, is made to vibrate particularly efficiently, and also suchthat it is possible for the structure of the upper part corner 3824,which is also a site that is likely to bear the direct application ofimpact when a drop or the like occurs, to avoid having a structure thatis low in terms of collision resistance. Specifically, as illustrated inFIGS. 65A and 65B, one end of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 isinserted and held in a hole of a support structure 3800 a extendinginward from the side surface 3807 and the top surface 3807 a of themobile telephone 3801, as a holding end 2525 c. The holding end 2525 cis an end to which the terminal 2525 b is not provided. Thus, making theone end to which the terminal 2525 b is not provided into a holding end2525 c permits the support position to be brought closer to the vicinityof the upper part corner 3824. By contrast, the other end to which theterminal 2525 b is provided is made to vibrate as a free end. Theterminal 2525 b is connected to a circuit 3836 and flexible wiring 3836a installed in the chassis; the free vibration of the other end to whichthe terminal 2525 b is provided will not be substantively hampered. Thecircuit 3836 comprises an amp or the like for boosting the drive voltageof the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525.

Due to the configuration described above, the counteraction of the freevibration of the other end of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525illustrated by arrow 25G is transmitted to the chassis of the mobiletelephone 3801 via the support structure 3800 a from the holding end2525 c of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525. At this time, thesupport structure 3800 a, as described above, is configured so as toextend to the inner side from the side surface 3807 and the top surface3807 a of the mobile telephone 3801 at the upper part corner 3824 of thechassis; therefore, the counteraction of the free vibration of the otherend of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is efficiently transmittedto the upper part corner 3824. As described above, the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is held in the inner side of the chassis of themobile telephone 3801, and therefore the structure of the upper partcorner 3824, which is also a site that is prone to the directapplication of an impact, will not have low resistance to collision.

FIG. 65C is a first modification example of the forty-second embodiment;the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is held such that the primaryvibration direction becomes the direction perpendicular to the topsurface 3807 a, as illustrated by arrow 25J. The structure is otherwisesimilar to that of the forty-second embodiment of FIGS. 65A and 65B, andtherefore a description thereof has been omitted. The first modificationexample in FIG. 65C has a large vibration component in the directionperpendicular to the top surface 3807 a, and is therefore suited forusage in which the top surface side of the upper part corner 3824 of themobile telephone 3801 is brought up against the ear cartilage in such aform as to push lightly upward. This embodiment is also appropriate inthat, due to such use, not only can the display surface of the GUIdisplay unit 3405 be prevented from being fouled by contact with theface, but also increasing the force pushing upward on the top surface3807 a obstructs the external auditory meatus with the tragus, and theearplug bone conduction effect is readily created. The firstmodification example in FIG. 65C, similarly with respect to theforty-second embodiment of FIGS. 65A and 65B, can be used upon thedisplay surface side of the upper part corner 3824 of the mobiletelephone 3801 being brought up against the ear cartilage. In such acase as well, increasing the force with which the display surface ispushed against the ear cartilage makes it possible for the externalauditory meatus to be obstructed with the tragus, and the earplug boneconduction effect can readily be created.

FIG. 65D is a second modification example of the forty-secondembodiment. The primary vibration direction is inclined 45° relative tothe top surface 3807 a, as illustrated by arrow 25K. The vibrationcomponents are thereby broken down into the direction that isperpendicular to the top surface 3807 a and the direction that isperpendicular to the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405, whichis orthogonal thereto, and comparable cartilage conduction can beobtained regardless of the direction from which the upper part corner3824 comes into contact with the ear cartilage.

Forty-third Embodiment

FIG. 66 is a cross-sectional view relating to a forty-third embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, and is configured as amobile telephone 3901. The forty-third embodiment is consistent with thethirty-eighth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 58 to 60, except for thearrangement of the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525, which isconstituted of a piezoelectric bimorph element (and which hereinafter isdescribed using the example of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525),and except for the holding structure thereof. Therefore, the diagramdoes not contain those portions for which no description is needed, andof the illustrated portions, shared portions have been given likereference numerals, a description thereof having been omitted unlessthere is a particular need.

FIG. 66A is a cross-sectional view in which the mobile telephone 3901 ofthe forty-third embodiment is viewed in profile as being cut in a planethat is perpendicular to the upper surface 3907 a thereof and to thedisplay surface of the GUI display unit 3405. FIG. 66B is across-sectional view in which the B-B cross-section of FIG. 66A isviewed from above the mobile telephone 3901. In the forty-thirdembodiment of FIG. 66, similarly with respect to the forty-secondembodiment of FIG. 65, the one end in the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 to which the terminal 2525 b is not provided serves as a holdingend 2525 c and is supported by a cantilever structure. A point ofdifference in the forty-third embodiment from the forty-secondembodiment lies in that, as is clear from FIG. 66A, the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is arranged in parallel to the side surface of themobile telephone 3901, similarly with respect to the thirty-ninthembodiment in FIG. 61 and the modification examples thereof. Further,the primary vibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 is the direction that is perpendicular to the display surface ofthe GUI display unit 3405, as illustrated by arrow 25M.

Accordingly, in the forty-third embodiment of FIG. 66 as well, an upperpart corner 3924, which is a site on the chassis of the mobile telephone3901 appropriate for being brought up against the tragus or other earcartilage, vibrates particularly efficiently, and the structure of theupper part corner 3924 can avoid being low in terms of collisionresistance. Specifically, similarly with respect to the forty-secondembodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 66A and 66B, one end of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is inserted into and held in a holeof the support structure 3900 a extending inward from the side surfaceand the top surface of the mobile telephone 3901, as a holding end 2525c. Accordingly, the one end of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 towhich the terminal 2525 b is not provided is made into a holdingterminal 2525 c in the forty-third embodiment as well, whereby thesupport position can be brought closer to the vicinity of the upper partcorner 3924. This embodiment is otherwise consistent with theforty-second embodiment, and therefore a description has been omitted.

FIG. 66C is a first modification example of the forty-third embodiment;the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is held such that the primaryvibration direction becomes the direction perpendicular to the sidesurface 3907, as illustrated by arrow 25N. The configuration isotherwise similar to that of the forty-third embodiment in FIGS. 66A and66B, and therefore a description thereof has been omitted. The firstmodification example in FIG. 66C has a large vibration component in thedirection perpendicular to the side surface 3907, and is thereforesuited for usage in which the side surface 3907 of the mobile telephone3901 is brought up against the ear cartilage and contact between theface and the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405 is avoided. Inthe first modification example in FIG. 66C, similarly with respect tothe forty-third embodiment in FIGS. 66A and 66B, the display surfaceside of the mobile telephone 3901 can be brought up against the earcartilage for use. In such a case as well, in a case in which the upperpart corner 3924 is pushed against the ear cartilage, increasing theforce thereof makes it possible to obstruct the external auditory meatuswith the tragus, and to readily create the earplug bone conductioneffect.

FIG. 66D is a second modification example of the forty-third embodiment.The primary vibration direction is inclined 45° relative to the sidesurface 3907, as illustrated by arrow 25P. The vibration components arethereby broken down into the direction that is perpendicular to the sidesurface 3907 and to the direction that is perpendicular to the displaysurface of the GUI display unit 3405, which is orthogonal thereto, andcomparable cartilage conduction can be obtained regardless of thedirection from which the upper part corner 3924 comes into contact withthe ear cartilage.

Forty-fourth Embodiment

FIG. 67 is a cross-sectional view relating to a forty-fourth embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, and is configured as amobile telephone 4001. The forty-fourth embodiment is consistent withthe thirty-eighth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 58 to 60, except forthe structure and arrangement of the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 2525, which is constituted of a piezoelectric bimorph element,and except for the holding structure thereof. Therefore, the diagramdoes not contain those portions for which no description is needed, andof the illustrated portions, shared portions have been given likereference numerals, a description thereof having been omitted unlessthere is a particular need.

FIG. 67A is a cross-sectional view (which includes a partial conceptualblock diagram) in which the mobile telephone 4001 of the forty-fourthembodiment is viewed from above as being cut in a plane that isperpendicular to the side surface thereof and to the display surface ofthe GUI display unit 3405, and is a cross-sectional view that can beunderstood to be similar with respect to the forty-second embodiment ofFIG. 65A. FIGS. 67B1 and 67B2 are cross-sectional views in which theB1-B1 cross-section and B2-B2 cross-section of the elements in FIG. 67Aare viewed from the side of the mobile telephone 4001, respectively.FIG. 67C is a detailed cross-sectional view of the important elements ofFIG. 67A (including a partial conceptual block diagram). Portions inFIGS. 67B1, 67B2, and 67C that correspond to FIG. 67A have been givenlike reference numerals, and a description thereof has been omittedunless there is a particular need.

The forty-fourth embodiment of FIG. 67, similarly with respect to theforty-second embodiment of FIG. 65, has the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 supported in parallel with the top surface, but differsfrom the forty-second embodiment in that the one end side to which theterminal 2525 b is provided is supported by the cantilever structure,and in that a circuit 4036 for driving the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 is integrated with the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 for aconfiguration as a vibration unit. This embodiment is consistent withthe forty-second embodiment in that the upper part corner, which is anappropriate site on the chassis of the mobile telephone 4001 to bebrought up against the tragus or other ear cartilage, vibratesparticularly efficiently, and also in that the upper part corner avoidshaving a structure that is low in terms of collision resistance.

Specifically, as illustrated in FIGS. 67A and 67C, the terminal 2525 bof the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is connected to a circuit 4036that is mounted onto the terminal 2525 b using a wire 4036 a. Theterminal 2525 b of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 and thecircuit 4036 are re-packaged using a resin package 4025 having anacoustic impedance approximating that of the resin in which thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 has been packaged, and are integratedas a vibration unit. A connection pin 4036 b penetrates the resinpackage 4025, projects outward from the circuit 4036, and makes contactwith a controller and power supply unit 4039 secured to the chassis ofthe mobile telephone 4001.

As illustrated in FIG. 67C, the circuit 4036 comprises an amp 4036 c forboosting the drive voltage of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525,and an adjustment unit 4036 d for electrically compensating for thevariances of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525. The adjustment unit4036 d performs adjustments so as to operate to prevent variances in thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 relative to the power feed andcontrol from the controller and power supply unit 4039; therefore, afteradjustments are done, repackaging is done with the resin 4024. As analternative configuration, it is possible for repackaging to beperformed so that an adjustment operation unit or adjustment circuitpattern of the adjustment unit 4036 d is exposed on the surface of theresin package 4025, and so that adjustments can be performed afterassembly.

In the forty-fourth embodiment of FIG. 67, similarly with respect to theforty-second embodiment, a support structure 4000 a extending inwardfrom the side surface and top surface 4007 a of the mobile telephone4001 is provided, a portion of the resin package 4025 of the vibrationunit formed by repackaging being inserted into a hole thereof, wherebythe piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is held. As has already beendescribed, in the forty-fourth embodiment, one end side to which theterminal 2525 b is provided is supported, and one end 2525 c to whichthe terminal 2525 b is not provided serves as a unrestrictedly vibratingend. The counteraction of the free vibration of the one end 2525 c isthen transmitted to the chassis of the mobile telephone 4001 via thesupport structure 4000 a from the resin package 4025.

The various features indicated in the embodiments of the presentinvention can be unrestrictedly substituted or combined whenever thebenefits thereof can be utilized. For example, in the forty-fourthembodiment of FIG. 67, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 issupported in parallel with the top surface, and the primary vibrationdirection thereof becomes the direction perpendicular to the displaysurface of the GUI display unit 3405, as illustrated by arrow 25H.However, the integrated packaging structure of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 and the circuit 4036 illustrated in the forty-fourthembodiment is not to be limited to the arrangement of FIG. 67, butrather can be utilized in a support arrangement such as in themodification example of the forty-second embodiment illustrated in FIGS.65C 65D, and in the forty-third embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 66A to66D and the modification example thereof. The utilization thereof may bedone in conformity with the relationships between FIGS. 65A and 67A, andin each case, the one end of the side of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 to which the terminal 2525 b is provided serves as thesupport side, similarly with respect to FIG. 65A.

The support structures 3800 a, 3900 a, and 4000 a in the forty-secondembodiment of FIG. 65 to the forty-fourth embodiment in FIG. 67 are alsonot limited as extending inward from the side surface and top surface ofthe mobile telephone 4001; rather, a variety of support structures arepossible. For example, a support structure may be configured so as toextend from only one of either the side surface or the top surface.Moreover, a variety of other structures are possible, including oneextending from either the front surface or the back surface, oneextending from the front surface and the top surface; one extending fromthe rear surface and the top surface; one extending from the sidesurface and the front surface; one extending from the side surface andthe rear surface; or one extending from the rear side of the corner partas an elongation from all three of the top surface, the side surface,and the front surface. In each case, providing the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 or the support unit of the resin packaging 4025 integratedtherewith to the inner side of the chassis in the vicinity of the cornerpart can allow the corner part to avoid having a structure that is lowin terms of collision resistance while also causing the corner part tovibrate efficiently due to the counteraction of the free vibration ofthe other end.

The various features indicated in each of the embodiments of the presentinvention are also not necessarily specific to individual embodiments;rather, the features of each respective embodiment can be modified andused or combined and used as appropriate, whenever it is possible toutilize the benefits thereof. For example, in the first embodiment ofFIG. 1, the second embodiment of FIG. 5, the third embodiment of FIG. 6,and the thirty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 55, the interior of the mobiletelephone is provided with two piezoelectric bimorph elementsrespectively for right ear use and left ear use. However, examples inwhich each of a plurality of piezoelectric bimorph elements is providedto a plurality of places in the mobile telephone in order to obtaindesired cartilage conduction from a plurality of directions are not tobe limited to these embodiments. On the other hand, in the thirty-ninthembodiment of FIG. 61, the fortieth embodiment of FIG. 62, the secondmodification example of the forty-second embodiment in FIG. 65D, and thesecond modification example of the forty-third embodiment in FIG. 66D, asingle primary vibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorph elementis given an incline and the vibration component is divided in a case inwhich cartilage conduction is to be generated in a plurality ofdirections, such as between the side surface and the front surface orbetween the top surface and the front surface; however, configurationsfor generating cartilage conduction in a plurality of directions are notto be limited to these embodiments.

Forty-fifth Embodiment

FIG. 68 is a cross-sectional view relating to the forty-fifth embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, and serves toillustrate another example relating to the configuration described abovein which cartilage conduction is generated in a plurality of directions,such as between the side surface and front surface, and between the topsurface and the front surface. Specifically, in a mobile telephone 4101a of the forty-fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 68A and a mobiletelephone 4101 b of a modification example thereof illustrated in FIG.68B, two piezoelectric bimorph elements are utilized in imitation of thethirty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 55 and the like, instead of the dividingof the vibration component of a single piezoelectric bimorph elementssuch as in the fortieth embodiment of FIG. 62. Then, the primaryvibration directions of these piezoelectric bimorph elements 4124 and4126 are set off from each other by 90° so as to become parallel to thefront surface and side surface or to the front surface and top surface,respectively, the bimorph elements being supported on the inner side ofthe chassis of the mobile telephone. Similarly with respect to thefortieth embodiment of FIG. 62, cartilage conduction is therebygenerated in a plurality of directions, such as between the side surfaceand front surface or between the top surface and front surface. Theconfiguration of the forty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 68 is shared withthat of the fortieth embodiment of FIG. 62, other than the fact that twopiezoelectric bimorph elements are utilized; therefore, identicalportions have been given like reference numerals, and extraneousdescription has been omitted. It shall be noted that FIGS. 68A and 68Bcorrespond to FIGS. 62A and 62C, respectively.

In FIG. 68, the longitudinal directions of the two piezoelectric bimorphelements illustrate a parallel arrangement, but the arrangement of theplurality of piezoelectric bimorph elements is not limited thereto. Forexample, another possible arrangement is one in which the longitudinaldirections of the two piezoelectric bimorph elements are mutuallyorthogonal, where one is along the top surface and the other is alongthe side surface. Furthermore, the support of the plurality ofpiezoelectric bimorph elements in which the primary vibration directionsare set off from each other is not limited to the inner side of thechassis of the mobile telephone as in FIG. 68; rather, for example, thesupport may be on the outer side of the chassis, as in the thirtieth andthirty-first embodiments and the modification examples thereofillustrated in FIGS. 48 to 50.

Forty-sixth Embodiment

FIG. 69 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to aforty-sixth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,and is configured as a mobile telephone 4201. The forty-sixth embodimentis consistent with the thirty-eighth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 58to 60, except for the arrangement of the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 2525, which is constituted of a piezoelectric bimorph element,and except for the holding structure thereof; therefore, the diagramdoes not contain those portions for which no description is needed, andof the illustrated portions, shared portions have been given likereference numerals, a description thereof having been omitted unlessthere is a particular need.

FIG. 69A is a perspective view in which the mobile telephone 4201 of theforty-fourth embodiment is viewed from the front surface; the fourcorner parts, which are susceptible to collision when the mobiletelephone 4201 is dropped by mistake or in other circumstances, areprovided with elastic body units 4263 a, 4263 b, 4263 c, 4263 d, whichserve as protectors. The inner sides of the elastic body units 4263 aand 4263 b found at the two upper corner parts have a dual purpose asunits for holding the piezoelectric bimorph element, and the outer sidesof the elastic body units 4263 a and 4263 b have a dual purpose ascartilage conduction units for making contact with the ear cartilage.For this reason, at least the elastic body units 4263 a and 4263 butilize an elastic material having an acoustic impedance approximatingthat of ear cartilage (a silicone rubber; a mixture of a silicone rubberand a butadiene rubber; a natural rubber; a structure formed using thesevarieties of rubber in which air bubbles are sealed; a structure, suchas can be seen in transparent packaging sheet materials and the like, inwhich a layer of groups of air bubbles is sealed separated by a thinfilm of synthetic resin; or the like).

FIG. 69B is a cross-sectional view in the B1-B1 sectional plane of FIG.69A, with a cross-section of the mobile telephone 4201 in the planeperpendicular to the front surface and the side surface. As is clearfrom FIG. 69B, the two ends of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525are supported by the inner sides of the elastic body units 4263 a and4263 b. The elastic body unit 4263 a supports the terminal 2525 b sideof the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525, and a flexible wiring 3836 afor establishing a connection between the terminal 2525 b and thecircuit 3836 passes through the elastic body unit.

The elastic body units 4263 a and 4263 b are anchoringly supported onthe chassis of the mobile telephone 4201, but the two ends of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 are ensured a certain degree offreedom to move by vibration, due to the elasticity of the elastic bodyunits 4263 a and 4263 b, and the vibration of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 is less hampered. The middle part of the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is not in contact with anything and is free tovibrate. The outer sides of the elastic body units 4263 a and 4263 b,serve as an outer wall of the corner parts of the mobile telephone 4201,and have a dual purpose in acting as protectors for collisions with anexternal unit, and as cartilage conduction units for making contact withthe ear cartilage. The mobile telephone 4201 can thereby be brought intocontact with either of the right ear or the left ear for the purpose ofcartilage conduction, as has been described in, for example, the firstembodiment in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Furthermore, because the elastic bodyunits 4263 a and 4263 b have a different acoustic impedance from that ofthe chassis of the mobile telephone 4201, the conduction component fromthe elastic body units 4263 a and 4263 b to the chassis of the mobiletelephone 4201 can be reduced, and efficient cartilage conduction fromthe elastic body unit 4263 a or 4263 b to the ear cartilage can beachieved.

FIG. 69C is a cross-sectional view in the B2-B2 sectional planeillustrated in FIG. 69A or FIG. 69B, with a cross-section of the mobiletelephone 4201 in the plane perpendicular to the front surface and thetop surface. It can be understood from FIG. 69C as well that the elasticbody units 4263 a and 4263 b hold the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525and are anchoringly supported on the chassis of the mobile telephone4201, and also that the outer sides thereof, without the outer wall ofthe corner parts of the mobile telephone 4201, serve as protectors forcollisions with an external unit, and have a dual purpose as cartilageconduction units for making contact with the ear cartilage. As is clearfrom FIG. 69C, the forty-sixth embodiment assumes a structure in whichthe elastic body units 4263 c and 4263 d, which are at the lower twocorners, function exclusively as protectors, and are covered by thechassis of the mobile telephone 4201.

Forty-seventh Embodiment

FIG. 70 relates to the forty-seventh embodiment according to an aspectof the present invention; FIG. 70A is a perspective view illustrating apart of the upper end side thereof, and FIG. 70B is a cross-sectionalview illustrating the B-B cross-section of FIG. 70A. The seventiethembodiment is configured as a mobile telephone 4301, and assumes astructure in which the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is fitted intothe side surface of the mobile telephone. Such a structure has much incommon with the thirtieth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 48, andtherefore common portions have been given like reference numerals, and adescription thereof has been omitted. Further, similarly with respect toFIG. 48, FIG. 70 omits an illustration and description of theconfiguration for inputting an audio signal into the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525, and the like.

A point of difference in the forty-seventh embodiment of FIG. 70 fromthe thirtieth embodiment of FIG. 49 lies in the structure of theportions for transmitting the vibration of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 to the ear cartilage. Namely, in the forty-seventhembodiment of FIG. 70, the side surface of the mobile telephone 4301 isprovided with a concavity 4301 a that has a very slight step (forexample, 0.5 mm), and is arranged such that the vibration plane of thepiezoelectric element 2525 comes to a bottom part of this concavity 4301a. The vibration plane of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 may beexposed at the bottom part of the concavity 4301 a, but in theforty-seventh embodiment, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 iscovered with a thin protective layer 4227. This protective layer 4227 isapplied or coated on with an elastic material, in order to preventstretching of the vibration plane due to vibration of the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 from being hampered.

Due to the structure described above, it is possible to bring thevibration plane of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 into directcontact with the ear cartilage wherever possible, and also it ispossible to provide protection against damage to the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 from any collision with an external unit.Specifically, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is arranged at thebottom of the concavity 4301 a and is at a position that is lower onlyby the step from the outer surface of the chassis of the mobiletelephone 4301; because of the step, the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 will not directly collide with an external unit even were the sidesurface of the chassis of the mobile telephone to collide with anexternal unit. As illustrated in FIG. 70A, in the forty-seventhembodiment, the concavity 4301 a is provided to a place slightly loweredfrom the corner part in the side surface of the mobile telephone 4301,to prevent any damage to the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 due tocollision at the corner part. Ear cartilage is soft; therefore, it isreadily deformed at the place of the very slight step and can be broughtinto contact with the vibration plane of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 or the covered surface thereof, even with an arrangementsuch that the vibration plane of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525comes to the bottom part of the concavity 4301 a.

The various features indicated in the various embodiments of the presentinvention can be unrestrictedly modified, substituted or combinedwhenever the benefits thereof can be utilized. For example, the elasticbody units 4263 a and 4263 b are arranged in the forty-sixth embodimentof FIG. 69 so as to be symmetrical relative to the center of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525, but the support of the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is not to be limited to such an arrangement;another possible arrangement is an eccentric one in which the center ofthe piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is closer to either of theopposing corner parts. For example, the piezoelectric bimorph element2525, rather than being completely symmetrical relative to the centerthereof, has a slightly different weight and degree of freedom tovibrate at the side that is not the side that has the terminal 2525 b.The wiring 3836 a also passes through the elastic body unit 4263 a forsupporting the terminal 2525 b, and passes through to the circuit 3836.The configuration for eccentrically supporting the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 between the two corner parts is effective in compensationfor asymmetry such as described above. The respective lengths of theelastic body units 4263 a and 4263 b must be determined depending on thelength of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 and on the width of thechassis of the mobile telephone 4201. In other words, the elastic bodyunits 4263 a and 4263 b require enough length to reach up to the twoends of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 from the outer surface ofthe two corner parts of the chassis of the mobile telephone 4201. Theconfiguration for eccentrically supporting the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 between the two corner parts is effective in that thelength can be adjusted as above while keeping the layout of theimplemented parts inside the mobile telephone in consideration. In acase in which the elastic body unit 4263 a or 4263 b becomes longer, theconfiguration is such that the elastic body unit 4263 a or 4263 b iselongated inward so as not to make contact with the inner surface of thechassis, and reaches the end part of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525, whereby it is also possible to increase the degree of freedom withwhich the end part of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 vibrates.

FIG. 71 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to amodification example of the forty-sixth embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention, and serves to illustrate theimplementation of a configuration in a case in which the elastic bodyunit is longer, as described above. Specifically, a case in which, asillustrated in FIG. 71, the elastic body units 4263 a and 4263 b becomelonger utilizes a configuration in which there are provided elongationunits 4263 e and 4263 f, by which the elastic body units 4263 a and 4263b are elongated inward so as not to make contact with the inner surfaceof the chassis of the mobile telephone 4201, the two end parts of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 being held by these elongation units4263 e and 4263 f. According to such a configuration, the elongationunits 4263 e and 4263 f do not make contact with the inner surface ofthe chassis of the mobile telephone 4201, and therefore elasticdeformation is readily possible, and the two end parts of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 can be held by such elongation units4263 e and 4263 f, whereby the degree of freedom with which thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 vibrates can be increased. Theconfiguration of FIG. 71 is otherwise consistent with that of FIG. 69,and therefore shared portions have been given like reference numerals,and a description thereof has been omitted.

The various features indicated in the various embodiments of the presentinvention can be unrestrictedly modified, substituted, or combinedwhenever the benefits thereof can be utilized. For example, each of theembodiments above has been described with the cartilage conductionvibration source comprising a piezoelectric bimorph element or the like.However, barring particular cases described as pertaining to aconfiguration specific to the piezoelectric bimorph element, the variousfeatures of the present invention are not to be limited to cases inwhich a piezoelectric bimorph element is utilized as the cartilageconduction vibration source; the advantages thereof can also be realizedin a case in which an electromagnetic vibrating element, a supermagnetostrictive element, or other diverse elements are used for thecartilage conduction vibration source.

Forty-Eighth Embodiment

FIG. 72 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to aforty-eighth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,and is configured as a mobile telephone 4301. The forty-eighthembodiment serves as an example of a case in which an electromagneticvibrating element is used as the cartilage conduction vibration sourcein the configuration of the forty-sixth embodiment in FIG. 69. FIG. 72Ais a perspective view in which the mobile telephone 4301 of theforty-eighth embodiment is viewed from the front surface thereof; theouter appearance is similar to that of the perspective view of theforty-sixth embodiment in FIG. 69A. In other words, in the forty-eighthembodiment as well the four corner parts, which are susceptible tocollision when the mobile telephone 4301 is dropped by mistake or inother circumstances, are provided with elastic body units 4363 a, 4363b, 4363 c, and 4363 d, which serve as protectors. The elastic body units4363 a and 4363 b, which are at the upper two corners, have a dualpurpose as units for holding the cartilage conduction vibration source,and the outer sides of the elastic body units 4363 a and 4363 b have adual purpose as cartilage conduction units for making contact with theear cartilage. Then, the elastic body units 4363 a and 4363 b, similarlywith respect to the forty-sixth embodiment, utilize an elastic materialhaving an acoustic impedance approximating that of ear cartilage (asilicone rubber; a mixture of a silicone rubber and a butadiene rubber;a natural rubber; a structure formed using these varieties of rubber inwhich air bubbles are sealed; a structure, such as can be seen intransparent packaging sheet materials and the like, in which a layer ofgroups of air bubbles is sealed separated by a thin film of syntheticresin; or the like).

FIG. 72B is a cross-sectional view in the B-B sectional plane of FIG.72A, wherein the mobile telephone 4301 (represented as 4301 a in FIG.72B) is sectioned along the plane perpendicular to the front surface andthe side surface. As is clear from FIG. 72B, each of electromagneticvibrating elements 4326 a and 4324 a is embedded in the elastic bodyunits 4363 a and 4363 b, respectively. The primary vibration directionthereof is the direction perpendicular to the front surface of themobile telephone 4301 to which a GUI display unit is provided, asillustrated by arrow 25M. In the configuration in which theelectromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 a and 4324 a or other cartilageconduction vibration sources are embedded in the elastic body units 4363a and 4363 b, the elastic body units 4363 a and 4363 b have a dualpurpose as a protector function and a cartilage conduction unitfunction, as described above, and also, as described in the embodimentof FIG. 17, additionally have yet another purpose as a cushioningfunction for guarding the cartilage conduction vibration source againstimpact.

In the configuration in which, as in the forty-eighth embodiment in FIG.72B, the separate electromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 a and 4324 aare provided to the elastic body unit 4363 a and 4363 respectively, theelectromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 a and 4324 a can be controlledindependently. Accordingly, similarly with respect to the firstembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, the configuration can be made tobe such that the inclined direction of the mobile telephone 4301 isdetected according to the gravity acceleration detected by theacceleration sensor, and, in accordance with which of the elastic bodyunits 4363 a and 4363 b is brought up against the ear (in other words,in accordance with against which among the right ear and left ear thecorner part of the mobile telephone has been brought, as illustrated inFIG. 2), the electromagnetic vibrating element on the side at the lowerangle of inclination is made to vibrate, and the other is turned off.This is also similar to a modification example that will be describedlater.

FIG. 72C is a cross-sectional view of the first modification example ofthe forty-eighth embodiment, and, similarly with respect to FIG. 72B, isa cross-sectional view in the B-B sectional plane of FIG. 72A, whereinthe mobile telephone 4301 (represented as 4301 b in FIG. 72C) issectioned along the plane perpendicular to the front surface and theside surface. Similarly with respect to the forty-eighth embodiment, thefirst modification example also has the electromagnetic vibratingelements 4326 b and 4324 b embedded in the elastic body units 4363 a and4363 b, respectively. However, the primary vibration direction thereofbecomes the direction perpendicular to the side surface of the mobiletelephone 4301, as illustrated by arrow 25N. This modification exampleis otherwise similar to the forty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 72B.

FIG. 72D is a cross-sectional view of the second modification example ofthe forty-eighth embodiment, and, similarly with respect to FIG. 72B, isa cross-sectional view in the B-B sectional plane of FIG. 72A, whereinthe mobile telephone 4301 (represented as 4301 c in FIG. 72D) issectioned along the plane perpendicular to the rear surface and the sidesurface. In the second modification example, similarly with respect tothe forty-eighth embodiment, each of the electromagnetic vibratingelements 4326 c and 4324 c is embedded in the elastic body units 4363 aand 4363 b, respectively. However, the primary vibration directionthereof becomes a direction inclined 45° from the side surface of themobile telephone 4301, as illustrated by arrow 25P. For this reason,similarly with respect to the second modification example of theforty-third embodiment in FIG. 66D, the vibration components are brokendown into the direction that is perpendicular to the side surface and tothe direction that is perpendicular to the front surface, which isorthogonal thereto, and comparable cartilage conduction can be obtainedregardless of the direction from which the either the elastic body unit4363 a or 4363 b comes into contact with the ear cartilage. Thismodification example is otherwise similar to the forty-eighth embodimentof FIG. 72B.

FIG. 72E is a cross-sectional view of the third modification example ofthe forty-eighth embodiment, and, similarly with respect to FIG. 72B, isa cross-sectional view in the B-B sectional plane of FIG. 72A, whereinthe mobile telephone 4301 (represented as 4301 d in FIG. 72E) issectioned along the plane perpendicular to the front surface and theside surface. In the third modification example, electromagneticvibrating elements 4326 d, 4326 e, and 4324 d, 4324 e are embedded inthe elastic body units 4363 a, 4363 b, respectively. The vibrationdirection of the electromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 d and 4324 d isthe direction perpendicular to the side surface, illustrated by arrow25D, and that of the electromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 e and 4324e becomes the direction perpendicular to the front surface, illustratedby arrow 25E. Similarly with respect to the forty-fifth embodimentillustrated in FIG. 68, earplug bone conduction is thereby generated tothe side surface and the front surface from a plurality of differentcartilage conduction vibration sources.

In the configuration in which, as in the third modification example ofthe forty-eighth embodiment in FIG. 72E, vibration that is directedperpendicularly with respect to the side surface is generated from theelectromagnetic vibrating element 4324 d and the like and vibration thatis directed perpendicularly with respect to the front surface isgenerated from the electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 e and thelike, it is possible to independently control the electromagneticvibrating elements 4324 d and 4324 e having different vibrationdirections. Specifically, a possible configuration is one in which theincline direction of the mobile telephone 4301 is detected by gravityacceleration, which is detected by an acceleration sensor such as theacceleration sensor 49 of the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3,where, in accordance with whether the elastic body unit 4363 b isbrought up against the ear from the side surface or the front surface,the electromagnetic vibrating element on the side brought up against theear is made to vibrate and the vibration of the other one is turned off.Such independent control of the plurality of cartilage conductionvibration sources having different vibration directions is not limitedto the case of the electromagnetic vibrating elements in FIG. 72D;rather, there are other possible cases of configurations in which, forexample, the piezoelectric bimorph elements 4124 and 4126 of theforty-fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 68 are utilized.

FIG. 73 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the elements of theforty-eighth embodiment and the modification examples thereof. FIG. 73Aenlarges the portions of the elastic body unit 4363 b and theelectromagnetic vibrating element 4324 a of FIG. 72B, and in particularprovides a detailed illustration of the electromagnetic vibratingelement 4324 a. The electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 a has a yoke4324 h for holding a magnet 4324 f and a central magnetic pole 4324 g ina housing thereof, the yoke being suspended midair in a corrugationdamper 4324 i. A top plate 4324 j, which has a gap, is anchored to themagnet 4324 f and the central magnetic pole 4324 g. The magnet 4324 f,the central magnetic pole 4324 g, the yoke 4324 h, and the top plate4324 j become integrally movable in the vertical direction when viewedin FIG. 73 relative to the housing of the electromagnetic vibratingelement 4324 a. On the other hand, a voice coil bobbin 4324 k isanchored to the inside of the housing of the electromagnetic vibratingelement 4324 a, and a voice coil 4323 m wrapped therearound penetratesinto the gap of the top plate 4324 j. In such a configuration, when anaudio signal is inputted into the voice coil 4323 m, relativedisplacement occurs between the yoke 4324 h and the like, and thehousing of the electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 a; the vibrationthereof is transmitted to the ear cartilage in contact therewith via theelastic body unit 4363 b.

FIG. 73B illustrates a fourth modification example of the forty-eighthembodiment, and provides an enlarged illustration of the portionscorresponding to FIG. 73A. The internal configuration of theelectromagnetic vibrating element 4324 a is similar to that of FIG. 73A;therefore, to avoid complication, an illustration of the referencenumerals of each unit has been omitted, and the description thereof hasalso been left out. The fourth modification example in FIG. 73B assumesa configuration in which the corner part of the mobile telephone 4401 isprovided with a stepped unit 4401 g, the outer side thereof beingcovered by the elastic body unit 4463 b. The front surface side of thestepped unit 4401 g is provided with a window unit 4401 f, theelectromagnetic vibrating element 4324 a being bonded to the rear sideof the elastic body unit 4463 b that faces the portion of the windowunit 4401 f. A cushioning unit 4363 f comprising an elastic body is alsobonded to the opposite side of the electromagnetic vibrating element4324 a. The cushioning unit 4363 f is provided with a gap so as to notbe in contact with the rear side of the stepped unit 4401 g in theordinary vibrating state, and acts as a cushioning material forpreventing the elastic body unit 4463 b thereabove from making contactwith and being unrestrictedly pushed into the rear side of the steppedunit 4401 g when there is an excessive push against the elastic bodyunit 4463 b from collision with an external unit or the like. Adverseevents such as when the electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 adetaches due to deformation of the elastic body unit 4463 b are therebyprevented. The cushioning unit 4363 f functions as a balancer in theordinary vibrating state, and therefore the shape and weight thereof orthe like can be adjusted to design the electromagnetic vibrating element4324 a to have optimal acoustic properties. The cushioning unit 4363 fmay be a rigid body rather than an elastic body in a case of functioningonly as a balancer. Although not depicted in FIG. 73B, the corner partof the opposite side in the fourth modification example of theforty-eighth embodiment (corresponding to the position of the elasticbody unit 4363 a in FIG. 72B) also assumes a configuration havingleft-right symmetry with FIG. 73B.

The fourth modification example in FIG. 73B is based on the arrangementof the electromagnetic vibrating elements in the orientation in FIG.72B. However, a configuration such as that of the fourth modification isnot limited thereto, and can also be applied to the arrangement of theelectromagnetic vibrating elements in the various orientations in FIGS.72C to 72E.

In the forty-eighth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 72 and 73A, theelastic body unit 4363 b and the electromagnetic vibrating element 4324a are configured as replaceable unit parts. When the outer appearance ofthe elastic body unit 4363 b is sullied by collision with an externalunit, in terms of aesthetics, the elastic body unit 4363 b and theelectromagnetic vibrating element 4324 a can be replaced as a unit. Thisis a point of similarity with the fourth modification example of theforty-eighth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 73B as well; the elasticbody unit 4463 b, the electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 a, and thecushioning unit 4363 f are configured as a replaceable unit part. Whenthe outer appearance of the elastic body unit 4463 b is damaged in termsof aesthetics, the whole can be replaced as a unit. Such a configurationas a unit part is a useful feature that is consistent with the fact thatthe elastic body unit 4463 b or the like is configured as a protectorand is a part positioned at a corner part predicted to collide with anexternal unit. The configuration is also a useful feature that isconsistent with the fact that the corner susceptible to collision is asuitable location for making contact for cartilage conduction.Furthermore, the feature in which the cartilage conduction vibrationunits are configured as replaceable unit parts is fundamentallyconsistent with the configuration of the other portions of the mobiletelephone, and is useful in providing a commercial product to whichcartilage conduction vibration units having acoustic properties that areoptimized in accordance with the user's age or other parameters (forexample, where the shape and/or weight of the cushioning unit 4363 fillustrated in FIG. 73B are adjusted) are attached. The feature is alsofundamentally consistent with the configuration of the other portions ofthe mobile telephone and is useful in providing a commercial productthat can be modified not only for acoustic properties but also inaccordance with user preferences; for example, in accordance with arequest regarding which of the cartilage conduction vibration units fromFIGS. 72B to 72E is used.

The specific configuration in which the cartilage conduction vibrationsource is provided to the elastic body unit of the corner part is notlimited to what is illustrated in FIG. 73; the design can be modifiedwhere appropriate. For example, the cushioning unit 4363 f illustratedin FIG. 73B may be bonded to the rear side of the stepped unit 4401 g,instead of being bonded to the opposite side of the electromagneticvibrating element 4324 a. In such a case, the cushioning unit 4363 f isprovided with a gap so as to prevent contact with the opposite side ofthe electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 a in the ordinary vibratingstate. The cushioning unit 4363 f may also be omitted in a case in whichthe elastic body unit 4463 b is able to withstand pushing due tocollision with an external unit or another cause.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be limited to the above embodiments; rather, wherever it is possibleto benefit from the feature of an embodiment, same can also beimplemented in other embodiments. The various features of each of theembodiments described above are not to be restricted to individualrespective embodiments, but rather can be substituted or combined withother appropriate embodiments. The forty-eighth embodiment and themodification examples thereof serve as illustrations of examples inwhich the electromagnetic vibrating element is utilized as a cartilageconduction vibration unit and in which independently controllable andseparate electromagnetic vibrating elements are provided to the elasticbody units at different corners. However, the implementation of thepresent invention is not to be limited thereto. For example, in a casein which, as has already been described, a piezoelectric bimorph elementis utilized as the cartilage conduction vibration unit, the cartilageconduction vibration units separately provided to different corners asin the first embodiment of FIG. 1 can be controlled independent of eachother. In such a case, referring to the forty-eighth embodiment, thepiezoelectric bimorph element can also be provided to the elastic bodyunits at different corners. Conversely, even a case in which anelectromagnetic vibrating element is utilized as the cartilageconduction vibration unit can be configured such that the vibration of asingle electromagnetic vibrating element is transmitted to the left andright corners, as in the fourth embodiment of FIG. 7, the fifthembodiment of FIG. 11, the tenth embodiment of FIG. 19, the eleventhembodiment of FIG. 20, and the like. In such a case, referring to theforty-eighth embodiment, the vibration conductors to the left and rightcorner parts can be constituted of elastic bodies regardless of whetherthe cartilage conduction vibration unit is a piezoelectric bimorphelement or an electromagnetic vibrating element. Also, referring to theforty-sixth embodiment and the modification examples thereof, theconfiguration may be such that the two sides of the electromagneticvibrating element are supported by elastic bodies provided to the leftand right corner parts, depending on the shape of the electromagneticvibrating element.

Forty-ninth Embodiment

FIG. 74 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to aforty-ninth embodiment according to an aspect of the present inventionas well as to a modification example thereof, and is configured as amobile telephone 4501. The forty-ninth embodiment is consistent with theforty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 69 except for the configuration forswitching air conduction (to be described later); therefore, likereference numerals have been assigned and the description thereof iscalled upon. More specifically, the forty-ninth embodiment isillustrated in FIGS. 74A to 74D, of which FIGS. 74A to 74C correspond toFIGS. 69A to 69C, which relate to the forty-sixth embodiment. FIG. 74Dis an enlarged view of the elements of FIG. 74C. FIG. 74E is an enlargedview of the elements relating to a modification of the forty-ninthembodiment.

As is clear from the B2-B2 cross-sectional view of FIG. 74C, theforty-ninth embodiment is provided with a transparent resonance chamber4563 such that the display unit 3405 is covered. The transparentresonance chamber 4563 has air removal holes partially provided to theinterior side of the mobile telephone 4501 in the hollow. Thetransparent resonance chamber 4563 is extremely thin, and therefore theuser can observe the display unit 3405 through the transparent resonancechamber 4563. As is clear from FIGS. 74B and 74C, the middle portion ofthe piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is provided with a vibrationconductor 4527 that can slide in the vertical direction. When thevibration conductor 4527 is at the position indicated by the solid lineillustrated in FIG. 74C, the transmission of vibration from the middleportion of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 to the transparentresonance chamber 4563 is cut off, and when the vibration conductor 4527is at the position indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 74C and comesinto contact with the upper part of the transparent resonance chamber4563, the vibration of the middle portion of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 is transmitted to the transparent resonance chamber 4563via the vibration conductor 4527, whereby air conduction sound isgenerated from the entire transparent resonance chamber 4563 and theentire transparent resonance chamber 4563 becomes a surface speaker.This aspect is clearly illustrated by the enlarged view of the elementsof FIG. 74D. The up and down of the vibration conductor 4527 isperformed by causing an external manual operation knob 4527 a of themobile telephone 4501 to slide up and down. The manual operation knob4527 a has a click function for determining the two up-down positions.The vibration conductor 4527 also is resilient so as to effectively makecontact with the transparent resonance chamber 4563 when made to slideto the position of the dotted line.

As described above, air conduction sound is generated from the entiretransparent resonance chamber 4563 and cartilage conduction is generatedfrom the elastic body units 4263 a and 4263 b in the state in which thevibration conductor 4527 is at the position indicated by the dotted linein FIGS. 74C to 74D. The user can accordingly bring the elastic bodyunit 4263 a or 4263 b up against to ear to listen to sound by cartilageconduction, and can also bring any desired portion of the display unit3405 to which the transparent resonance chamber 4563 is provided closeto or up against the ear to listen to sound by air conduction. In thismanner, a variety of uses become possible in accordance with the user'spreferences and status. On the other hand, the transmission of vibrationto the transparent resonance chamber 4563 is cut off and the generationof air conduction sound from the transparent resonance chamber 4563 canbe stopped in the state in which the vibration conductor 4527 is at theposition indicated by the solid line illustrated in FIGS. 74C to 74D;therefore, because sound leakage by air conduction is prevented,particularly in the state in which the environment is quiet, it ispossible to listen to sound by cartilage conduction while preventing anydisturbance to the surroundings or leakage of sensitive information.

The modification example of the forty-ninth embodiment in FIG. 74E isconfigured such that a vibration conductor 4527 b is made to rotate,whereby vibration from the middle portion of the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 is intermittently transmitted to the transparent resonancechamber 4563. Specifically, when the vibration conductor 4527 b is atthe position indicated by the solid line illustrated in FIG. 74E, thevibration conductor 4527 b separates from both the middle portion of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 and the transparent resonance chamber4563, and the transmission of vibration is cut off. On the other hand,when the vibration conductor 4527 b is rotated clockwise and is at theposition indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 74E, the vibrationconductor 4527 b is in contact with both the middle portion of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 and the upper part of the transparentresonance chamber 4563, and the vibration of the middle portion of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is transmitted to the transparentresonance chamber 4563 via the vibration conductor 4527 b. Thismodification example is otherwise similar to the forty-ninth embodimentof FIGS. 74A to 74D. The rotation of the vibration conductor 4527 b isperformed by the rotation of an external manual operation dial 4527 c ofthe mobile telephone 4501. The manual operation dial 4527 c has a clickfunction for determining the two positions of the rotation. Thevibration conductor 4527 b is resilient as well, and, when rotated tothe position of the dotted line, presses effectively against the middleportion of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 and the upper part ofthe transparent resonance chamber 4563.

Switching between cartilage conduction and air conduction in the mannerdescribed above is not to be limited to the forty-ninth embodimentillustrated in FIG. 74 and to the modification examples thereof; variousconfigurations are possible. For example, in FIG. 74, the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 and the transparent resonance chamber 4563 aresecured, and the vibration conductor 4527 or 4527 b is movedtherebetween, whereby intermittent vibration is performed. However,intermittent vibration between the two can also be performed instead byrendering at least one of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 and thetransparent resonance chamber 4563 movable. The movement at this timemay be performed by at least a part of either the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 or the transparent resonance chamber 4563. Furthermore,FIG. 74 serves to illustrate an example of switching between the case ofcartilage conduction together with air conduction and the case of onlycartilage conduction (to be precise, there is also a slight airconduction component, but for the sake of simplicity, this case ishereinafter referred to as “only cartilage conduction”), but anotherpossible configuration is one in which, in exchange, the switching isbetween a case of only cartilage conduction and a case of only airconduction or the switching is between a case of cartilage conductiontogether with air conduction and a case of only air conduction. Also,FIG. 74 serves to illustrate an example of manual switching, but anotherpossible configuration is one in which a noise sensor fordifferentiating between whether the environment is quiet or not isprovided and the vibration conductor 4527 or 4527 b is automaticallydriven on the basis of the output of the noise sensor, whereby a case ofcartilage conduction together with air conduction is automaticallyswitched to a case of cartilage conduction only when the noise detectedby the noise sensor is at or above a predetermined level.

Fiftieth Embodiment

FIG. 75 is a block diagram relating to a fiftieth embodiment accordingto an aspect of the present invention, and is configured as a mobiletelephone 4601. The fiftieth embodiment is based on the configuration ofthe third modification example of the forty-eighth embodiment, thecross-section of which is illustrated in FIG. 72E; the electromagneticvibrating elements 4326 d, 4326 e, 4324 d, and 4324 e thereof arecontrolled by a configuration that is substantially consistent with theblock diagram of the first embodiment in FIG. 3. In terms of the need todescribe the arrangement, the portions of the electromagnetic vibratingelements are illustrated by a composite of the cross-sectional views.Because the fiftieth embodiment is configured as described above,portions in FIG. 75 that are shared with FIGS. 3 and 72E are assignedshared reference numerals, and a description thereof has been left out,except where necessary. The fiftieth embodiment is not provided with anyincoming-talk unit other than the electromagnetic vibrating elements4326 d, 4326 e, 4324 d, and 4324 e, and therefore the phase adjustmentmixer unit 36, a right ear drive unit 4624, a left ear drive unit 4626,a reduced air conduction automatic switching unit 4636, and theelectromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 d, 4326 e, 4324 d, and 4324 e(which are illustrated in FIG. 75) constitute the incoming-talk unit inthe telephone function unit 45 (which in FIG. 3 is the incoming-talkunit 13). The fiftieth embodiment configured in the manner describedabove assumes separate embodiments relating to the switch betweencartilage conduction and air conduction illustrated in the forty-ninthembodiment, the switch being performed both electrically andautomatically. The following description focuses on this point.

As described in FIG. 72E as well, the fiftieth embodiment of FIG. 75assumes a configuration in which cartilage conduction is respectivelygenerated from a plurality of different electromagnetic vibratingelements 4326 e, 4326 d, 4324 e, and 4324 d, to the side surface and thefront surface. The pair of electromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 d and4326 e, which are embedded in the elastic body unit 4363 a, arecontrolled by the left ear drive unit 4262, and the pair ofelectromagnetic vibrating elements 4324 d and 4324 e, which are embeddedin the elastic body unit 4363 b, are controlled by the right ear driveunit 4264. In such a configuration, similarly with respect to the firstembodiment, the acceleration sensor 49 is used to detect which of theelastic body unit 4363 a and the elastic body unit 4363 b is in a stateof being brought up against an ear, where either the right ear driveunit 4624 or the left ear drive unit 4626 is turned on and the other isturned off. In addition, either the pair of electromagnetic vibratingelements 4326 d and 4326 e or the pair of electromagnetic vibratingelements 4324 d and 4324 e is rendered able to vibrate and the other isrendered unable to vibrate.

The fiftieth embodiment of FIG. 75 is further provided with anenvironment-noise microphone 4638 for differentiating between whether ornot the environment is quiet. When the noise detected by theenvironment-noise microphone 4638 is at or above a predetermined level,the reduced air conduction automatic switching unit 4636 functionsaccording to a command from the controller 39 and causes the pair ofelectromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 d and 4326 e or the pair ofelectromagnetic vibrating elements 4324 d and 4324 e to vibrate. On theother hand, in a quiet situation, which is determined by the controller39 when the noise detected by the environment-noise microphone 4638 isat or below a predetermined level, only the electromagnetic vibratingelement 4326 d or the only the electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 dis made to vibrate, according to the function of the reduced airconduction switching unit 4636, and the vibration of the electromagneticvibrating elements 4326 e and 4324 e is stopped. However, for thepurpose of detecting the magnitude of environment noise, instead ofthere being separately provided a dedicated environment-noise microphone4638 such as in FIG. 75, the microphone output in the outgoing-talk unit23 of the telephone function unit 45 may be used to extract the noisecomponent. The extracting can be performed by analyzing the frequencyspectrum of the microphone output, utilizing the microphone output fromwhen audio is interrupted, or the like.

The following is a description of the significance of the configurationdescribed above. As illustrated in FIG. 72E as well, the vibrationdirection of the electromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 d and 4324 d inthe fiftieth embodiment of FIG. 75 is the direction perpendicular to theside surface, and the vibration direction of the electromagneticvibrating elements 4326 e and 4324 e is the direction perpendicular tothe front surface. Because the electromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 eand 4324 e vibrate in the direction perpendicular to the front surfaceon which the display unit 5 or the like is arranged, the entire frontsurface, which in the mobile telephone 4601 has a large surface area,resonates and has a larger vibration component than the vibration of theside surface from the electromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 d and 4324d. For this reason, and with respect to the forty-ninth embodiment, thecase in which the pair of electromagnetic vibrating elements 4326 e and4326 d vibrate or the case in which the pair of electromagneticvibrating elements 4324 e and 4324 d vibrate corresponds to the “case ofcartilage conduction plus air conduction.” On the other hand, the casein which only the electromagnetic vibrating element 4326 d vibrates orthe case in which only the electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 dvibrates corresponds to the “case of cartilage conduction only.”However, a certain amount of an air conduction component remains in the“case of cartilage conduction only,” as has been described in theforty-ninth embodiment, and therefore the distinction between thesecases is based on a strictly relative comparison of the size of the airconduction component.

As has been described above, in a case in which the electromagneticvibrating elements 4326 e and 4326 d vibrate or in a case in which theelectromagnetic resonators 4324 e and 4324 d vibrate, the user can bringthe elastic body unit 4263 a or 4263 b against the ear to listen tosound by cartilage conduction, and can also bring any desired portion ofthe front surface of the mobile telephone 4601 close to or up againstthe ear to listen to sound by air conduction. In this manner, a varietyof uses become possible in accordance with the user's preferences andstatus. On the other hand, in a case in which only the electromagneticvibrating element 4326 d vibrates or in a case in which only theelectromagnetic vibrating element 4324 d vibrates, because relativelyless air conduction is generated and sound leakage by air conduction isprevented, particularly in the state in which the environment is quiet,it is possible to listen to sound by cartilage conduction whilepreventing any disturbance to the surroundings or leakage of sensitiveinformation. In the fiftieth embodiment, air conduction is automaticallyreduced in a state in which the environment is quiet, due to thefunctions of the environment-noise microphone 4638 and the reduced airconduction automatic switching unit 4636.

Although the fiftieth embodiment of FIG. 75 is configured usingelectromagnetic vibrating elements, the configuration for electricallyand automatically switching between cartilage conduction and airconduction is not limited to the case in which the electromagneticvibrating elements are used as cartilage conduction vibration sources.For example, as in the forty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 68, in a case inwhich a plurality of independently controllable piezoelectric bimorphelements are provided to mutually different directions, the same can beautomatically controlled in conformity with the fiftieth embodiment.Another possible configuration in the fiftieth embodiment of FIG. 75 isone in which a transparent resonance chamber 4563 for generating airconduction is provided, such as in the forty-ninth embodiment of FIG.74, and one or both of the electromagnetic vibrating element 4326 e andthe electromagnetic vibrating element 4324 e is brought into constantcontact with such a transparent resonance chamber 4563, whereby airconduction is actively generated from the front surface of the mobiletelephone 4601.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be limited to the above embodiments; rather, wherever it is possibleto benefit from the feature of an embodiment, the same can also beimplemented in other embodiments. The various features of each of theembodiments are not to be restricted to individual respectiveembodiments, but rather can be substituted or combined with otherappropriate embodiments. For example, in the present invention,ear-contacting units for cartilage conduction are provided to the cornerparts of the mobile telephone. This feature will now be considered, forexample, for the mobile telephone 301 configured as a smartphone as inthe fourth embodiment of FIG. 7 (which hereinafter is referred to as thesmartphone 301, for the sake of simplicity). The smartphone 301 as inFIG. 7 has a large-screen display unit 205 provided with GUI functionson the front surface thereof, and assumes an arrangement in which anordinary incoming-talk unit 13 is relegated to the upper angled regionof the smartphone 301. Moreover, since the ordinary incoming-talk unit13 is provided to the middle portion of the part of the smartphone 301,there is assumed an arrangement in which it is difficult to bring thelarge-screen display unit 205 up against the cheek bone and to bring theincoming-talk unit 13 close to the ear in a case in which the smartphone301 is brought up against the ear; and pressing the ordinaryincoming-talk unit 13 strongly against the ear so that the voice of theother party can be better heard incurs a result where the large-screendisplay unit 205 is in contact with the ear or cheek and is fouled bysebum or the like. By contrast, when the right ear vibration unit 224and the left ear vibration unit 226 are arranged at the corner parts ofthe smartphone 301 in FIG. 7, as is illustrated in FIG. 2 which relatesto the first embodiment, the corner parts of the smartphone 301 areaccommodated in the recess around the entrance to the external auditorymeatus in the vicinity of the tragus 32. It thereby becomes possible toreadily push the audio output unit of the smartphone 301 against thearea around the entrance to the external auditory meatus, and contactmade by the large-screen display unit 205 with the ear or cheek can benaturally avoided even in a case of strong pushing. Such an arrangementof the audio output unit at the corner part of the mobile telephone isnot limited to the case of using cartilage conduction, and is usefulalso in a case of an incoming-talk unit that uses an ordinary airconduction speaker. In such a case, air conduction speakers for rightear use and left ear use are preferably provided to the two corners ofthe upper part of the smartphone.

As has already been described, cartilage conduction conducts differentlydepending on the amount of force pushing on the cartilage, and a stateof effective conduction can be obtained by increasing the amount offorce that is pushing. This means that when it is difficult to hear theincoming sound, a natural behavior such as increasing the force pushingthe mobile telephone against the ear can be utilized to adjust thevolume. Furthermore, when the amount of pushing force is increased untila state in which the hole of the ear is obstructed, the volume isfurther increased due to the earplug bone conduction effect. Even whensuch a function is not explained to the user in, for example, theinstruction manual, the user can still intuitively understand thefunction through natural behavior. Such an advantage in terms of usagecan also be achieved in an artificial sense in a case of anincoming-talk unit in which an ordinary air conduction speaker is used,without the cartilage conduction vibration unit being used as the audiooutput unit, and can serve as a useful feature of the mobile telephone.

Fifty-first Embodiment

FIG. 76 is a block diagram relating to a fifty-first embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, and is configured as amobile telephone 4701. The fifty-first embodiment does not utilize acartilage conduction vibration unit as the audio output unit asdescribed above but rather uses an ordinary air conduction speaker, andis configured such that automatic volume adjustment can be artificiallyachieved by a natural behavior. In terms of the need to describe thearrangement of the outer appearance, a composite schematic view of themobile telephone is illustrated in the block diagram. The majority ofthe block diagram of FIG. 76 is consistent with the first embodiment ofFIG. 3, and the majority of the general overview is consistent with thefourth embodiment of FIG. 7; therefore, portions in common have beengiven like reference numerals, and a description thereof has been leftout except where necessary. A volume/acoustics automatic adjustment unit4736, a right ear drive unit 4724, a left ear drive unit 4726, a rightear air conduction speaker 4724 a, and a left ear air conduction speaker4726 a illustrated in FIG. 76 constitute the incoming-talk unit in thetelephone function unit 45 (which in FIG. 3 is the outgoing-talk unit13).

The right ear air conduction speaker 4724 a of the fifty-firstembodiment in FIG. 76 is controlled by the right ear drive unit 4524,and the left ear air conduction speaker 4726 a is controlled by theright ear drive unit 4526. Also, similarly with respect to the fiftiethembodiment, the acceleration sensor 49 is used to detect which of theright ear air conduction speaker 4724 a and the left ear air conductionspeaker 4726 a is in a state of being brought up against an ear, whereeither the right ear drive unit 4524 or the left ear drive unit 4526 isturned on and the other is turned off. In addition, either the right earair conduction speaker 4724 a or the left ear air conduction speaker4726 a is turned on and the other is turned off.

A right ear pressure sensor 4742 a and a left ear pressure sensor 4742 bare respectively provided to the vicinity of the right ear airconduction speaker 4724 a and the left ear air conduction speaker 4726 aand detect pressure on whichever of the right ear air conduction speaker4724 a or left ear air conduction speaker 4726 a is turned on. Aleft/right pressure sensor processing unit 4742 analyzes the magnitudeof the detected pressure and sends volume/acoustics control data to thecontroller 39. The controller 39 commands a volume/acoustics automaticadjustment unit 4736 on the basis of the volume/acoustics control dataand automatically adjusts the volume of whichever of the right ear driveunit 4524 or left ear drive unit 4526 is on. The volume is basicallyadjusted such that the volume increases with an increase in pressureand, when it is difficult to listen to the incoming-talk unit sound, isset so as to be a suitable response to a natural behavior such asincreasing the force pushing the mobile telephone 4701 against the ear.

A supplementary detailed description of the function of thevolume/acoustics automatic adjustment unit 4736 will now be provided. Toavoid unstable volume changes due to changes in pressure, first, volumechanges are configured such that the volume only undergoes stepwisechanges in the increasing direction and in accordance only with anincrease in pressure. Furthermore, to avoid unintentional volumechanges, the volume/acoustics automatic adjustment unit 4736 isconfigured such that volume increases in a stepwise manner in reactiononly to when a predetermined pressure increase lasts on average for apredetermined period of time (for example, 0.5 seconds) or longer. Thevolume/acoustics automatic adjustment unit 4736 is also configured suchthat volume is instantaneously lowered to a baseline state in a case inwhich it is detected that the state in which the pressure has fallen toa predetermined value (corresponding to the state in which whichever ofthe right ear air conduction speaker 4724 a or left ear air conductionspeaker 4726 a is turned on is brought away from the ear) or lower haslasted for a predetermined period of time (for example, 1 second) orlonger. The user is thereby able to intentionally bring the mobiletelephone 4701 slightly away from the ear in a case in which the volumehas been excessively increased or the like (which is also consistentwith a natural operation such as bringing a sound source away from theear when the sound is too loud), and once the volume has been reset tothe baseline state, the force of the pressure is again increased toachieve a desired volume.

The volume/acoustics automatic adjustment unit 4736 is further able toautomatically adjust the acoustics. This function is related to theenvironment-noise microphone 38 described in relation to the firstembodiment in FIG. 3. Namely, in the first embodiment, the environmentnoise picked up by the environment-noise microphone 38, is mixed intothe right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 24 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 26 upon undergoing wavelengthinversion; the environment noise, which is contained in the audioinformation through the incoming-talk unit 13, is canceled and the audioinformation of the party on the line becomes easier to comprehendthrough listening. The volume/acoustics automatic adjustment unit 4736in the fifty-first embodiment utilizes this function to turn thenoise-canceling function off when the pressure is equal to or less thana predetermined value and to turn the noise-canceling function on whenthe pressure is equal to or above a predetermined value. The degree towhich the environment noise inversion signal is mixed can also beadjusted in a stepwise manner, whereby the noise-canceling function,rather than merely being turned on and off, can also undergo continuousor stepwise increases and decreases. In this manner, thevolume/acoustics automatic adjustment unit 4736 is capable ofautomatically adjusting not only the volume but also the acoustics, onthe basis of the output of the left/right pressure sensor processingunit 4742. The fifty-first embodiment of FIG. 76 is an embodiment thatserves to illustrate that the aforementioned advantage, in which theright ear audio output unit and the left ear audio output unit arearranged at the corner parts of the smartphone, is not limited to a casein which cartilage conduction is used; benefits may also accruetherefrom in a case in which an outgoing-talk unit using ordinary airconduction speakers is utilized.

The various features of each of the embodiments described above are notto be limited to the above embodiments; rather, wherever it is possibleto benefit from the feature of an embodiment, the same can also beimplemented in other embodiments. The various features of each of theembodiments are not to be restricted to individual respectiveembodiments, but rather can be substituted or combined with otherappropriate embodiments. For example, in the fifty-first embodiment ofFIG. 76, a determination is made as to which of the right ear airconduction speaker 4724 a or left ear air conduction speaker 4726 a isto be turned on according to the output of the acceleration sensor 49,but the configuration may be such that the outputs of the right earpressure sensor 4742 a and left ear pressure sensor 4742 b are used toturn on whichever of the right ear air conduction speaker 4724 a or leftear air conduction speaker 4726 a has more pressure, and to turn theother off.

Also, the fifty-first embodiment of FIG. 76 is provided with the rightear air conduction speaker 4724 a and the left ear air conductionspeaker 4726 a as well as the right ear pressure sensor 4742 a and leftear pressure sensor 4742 b corresponding thereto, but when there is onlythe purpose of automatic volume/acoustics adjustment by pressure, then asingle conventional air conduction speaker may be provided to the middleof the upper part of the mobile telephone, and a single pressure sensormay be provided correspondingly with respect thereto. Furthermore, thefifty-first embodiment of FIG. 76 has illustrated how environment noiseis canceled out by waveform inversion as a fundamental configuration ofthe automatic adjustment of acoustics by the volume/acoustics automaticadjustment unit 4736, but such a configuration is not provided by way oflimitation. For example, the configuration may be such that thevolume/acoustics automatic adjustment unit 4736 is provided with afilter for cutting out environment noise (for example, alow-frequency-band-cutting filter), the filter being turned off when thepressure is at or below a predetermined value and the filter functionbeing turned on when the pressure is at or above a predetermined value.The configuration may also be such that, instead of a low-frequency bandor the like being cut out by the filter, the gain of the low-frequencyband is dropped (or the gain of a high frequency area is raised). Thefilter function or the frequency-band-selective gain function can alsobe adjusted in a stepwise manner, whereby the filter function or thefrequency-selective gain function, rather than merely being turned onand off, can also alter the environment noise reduction capability in astepwise or continuous manner in accordance with the pressure.

[Modes for Carrying Out the Invention]

Fifty-second Embodiment

FIG. 77 is a cross-sectional view relating to a fifty-second embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, and is configured as amobile telephone 4801. FIG. 77 provides a cross-sectional view of themobile telephone 4801, depicted in order to describe the supportstructure and arrangement of piezoelectric bimorph elements 2525 a and2525 b serving as cartilage conduction vibration sources, while theinterior of the cross-sectional view, which relates to the control ofthe mobile telephone, depicts not an actual arrangement but rather ablock diagram. The block diagram portion, being founded on the blockdiagram of the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, essentially omitsa depiction of shared portions, with the exception of those needed tounderstand the interrelationships, and like portions, when depicted,have been assigned like reference numerals, a description thereof beingomitted unless needed.

The fifty-second embodiment of FIG. 77, similarly with respect to theforty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 74 and the fiftieth embodiment of FIG.75, is configured as an embodiment permitting the interchange of “thecase of cartilage conduction plus air conduction” and “the case ofcartilage conduction only. “Further, the fifty-second embodiment of FIG.77, similarly with respect to the forty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 69, haselastic body units 4863 a, 4863 b, 4863 c, and 4863 d serving asprotectors provided to the four corners susceptible to impact when themobile telephone 4801 is accidentally dropped. However, rather than atwo-sided support structure for the elastic body units 4863 a, 4863 b tosupport the piezoelectric bimorph elements 2525 a and 2525 b, a singleside thereof is supported on a cantilever structure, similarly withrespect to the forty-second embodiment of FIG. 65 and the forty-thirdembodiment of FIG. 66. As above, the fifty-second embodiment of FIG. 77is related to features of various embodiments having already beendescribed, wherefore a repetitive description of the individual featureshas been avoided unless needed, since the same are readily understoodfrom the descriptions of the corresponding embodiments.

First, the structure and arrangement of the fifty-second embodiment ofFIG. 77 will now be described. As has already been mentioned, the fourcorners of the mobile telephone 4801 are provided with the elastic bodyunits 4863 a, 4863 b, 4863 c, and 4863 d, serving as protectors. Theouter sides of the corners of such elastic members are beveled in asmooth convex shape to prevent the occurrence of slight pain when heldagainst the ear cartilage. Although a more detailed description willalso be provided later, the shape of the corner parts allows for asuitable fit with the cartilage around the external auditory meatus andfor comfortable listening by cartilage conduction.

In the fifty-second embodiment of FIG. 77, the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 b for the right ear and the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 a for the left ear are employed as described above, and can becontrolled separately, similarly with respect to the first embodimentillustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4. The piezoelectric bimorph elements 2525 band 2525 a are appropriately long enough to obtain suitable frequencyoutput properties, but in order for both to be compactly arranged withinthe mobile telephone 4801, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 b forthe right ear, as illustrated in FIG. 77, is laid horizontally, the endto which no terminal is provided being supported by the elastic bodyunit 4863 b. On the other hand, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 afor the left ear is stood upright, the end to which no terminal isprovided being supported by the elastic body unit 4863 a (however, thevertical and horizontal arrangement of the piezoelectric bimorphelements for the right ear and for the left ear may be inverted from thedescription above). A terminal is provided to the other ends of each ofthe piezoelectric bimorph elements 2525 b and 2525 a, but serves as afree end in terms of the support structure due to the connection thereofwith the controller 39 by a flexible lead. In this manner, the vibrationof the free ends of the piezoelectric bimorph elements 2525 b and 2525 aexhibits opposite actions on the elastic body unit 4863 b and theelastic body 4863 a, and cartilage conduction can be obtained bybringing the same into contact with the ear cartilage. The primaryvibration direction of the piezoelectric bimorph elements 2525 b and2525 a is the direction perpendicular to the plan in FIG. 77.

Next, the manner in which the piezoelectric bimorph elements 2525 b and2525 a are controlled will be described. The piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 b for the right ear, which is supported by the elastic bodyunit 4863 b, is driven by a right ear amplifier 4824 via a switch 4824a. On the other hand, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 a for theleft ear, which is supported by the elastic body unit 4863 a, is drivenby a left ear amplifier 4826 via a switch 4826 a. An audio signal fromthe phase adjustment mixer unit 36 is inputted into the right earamplifier 4824 and the left ear amplifier 4826; the audio signal to theleft ear amplifier 4826 is phase-inverted by a waveform inverter 4836 band then inputted via a switch 4836 a. As a result, in the statedepicted in FIG. 77, vibrations having mutually inverted phases areconducted to and mutually canceled out in the chassis of the mobiletelephone 4801 from the elastic body unit 4863 a and the elastic bodyunit 4863 b, and the generation of air conduction sound from the entiresurface of the chassis of the mobile telephone 4801 is substantiallyeliminated.

In a case where, for example, the cartilage of the right ear is broughtinto contact with the elastic body unit 4863 b, there will be directcartilage conduction to the ear cartilage from the elastic body 4863 b,whereas, by contrast, the vibration of the elastic body unit 4863 areaches the elastic body unit 4863 b and is conducted to the earcartilage as cartilage conduction only after having been first conductedto the chassis of the mobile telephone 4801. Accordingly, since adifference emerges in the intensities of the phase-inverted vibrations,the difference will be conducted to the ear cartilage as cartilageconduction from the elastic body unit 4863 b without having beencanceled out. The same is also true of a case where the cartilage of theleft ear is brought into contact with the elastic body unit 4863 a.Accordingly, the state depicted in FIG. 77 in the fifty-secondembodiment becomes a state corresponding to the “case of cartilageconduction only” in the forty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 74 and thefiftieth embodiment of FIG. 75. An air conduction cancelling gainadjustment unit 4836 c serves to adjust the gain of the left earamplifier 4826 so as to cancel out vibration to the chassis of themobile telephone 4801 from the elastic body unit 4863 a and the elasticbody unit 4863 b as described above, whereby the generation of airconduction sound will be minimized. Also, rather than being provided tothe left ear amplifier 4826 side, the aforesaid switch 4836 a, waveforminverter 4836 b, and air conduction cancelling gain adjustment unit 4836c may also be instead provided to the right ear amplifier 4824 side.Alternatively, the air conduction cancelling gain adjustment unit 4836 conly may be provided to the right ear amplifier 4824 side.

The fifty-second embodiment of FIG. 77 is provided with theenvironment-noise microphone 4638 for determining whether or not theenvironment is silent. When the noise detected by the environment-noisemicrophone 4638 is at or above a predetermined amount, the switch 4836 ais switched to a signal pathway (the lower one in FIG. 77) by a commandfrom the controller 39. An audio signal from the phase adjustment mixerunit 36 is thereby conducted to the left ear amplifier 4826 withoutwaveform inversion. At such a time, the vibration conducted to thechassis of the mobile telephone 4801 from the elastic body unit 4863 aand the elastic body unit 4863 b is not canceled out, but rather airconduction sound from the entire surface of the chassis of the mobiletelephone 4801 is conversely generated at a two-fold increase. Such astate serves as a state corresponding to the “case of cartilageconduction plus air conduction” in the forty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 74and the fiftieth embodiment of FIG. 75. Because of the two-fold increasein air conduction sound from the entire surface of the chassis, such astate is suitable for a case where the mobile telephone 4801 is takenaway from the ear and audio is listened to, as is done during avideoconferencing function or similar circumstances; in the case of thevideoconferencing function mode, the switch 4836 a is switched to thesignal pathway (the lower one in FIG. 77) by a command from thecontroller 39 irrespective of the detection of the environment-noisemicrophone 4638.

In circumstances determined to be silent by the controller 39 when thenoise detected by the environment-noise microphone 4638 is at or below apredetermined amount, the switch 4836 a is switched to the statedepicted in FIG. 77 by a command from the controller 39. As describedabove, the vibrations conducted to the chassis of the mobile telephone4801 from the elastic body unit 4863 a and the elastic body unit 4863 bare thereby mutually canceled out, substantially eliminating thegeneration of air conduction sound, which serves as a statecorresponding to the “case of cartilage conduction only.”

Further, similarly with respect to the first embodiment, it is possiblein the fifty-second embodiment of FIG. 77 for the state of whether theelastic body unit 4863 a or the elastic body unit 4863 b has beenbrought up against the ear to be detected by an acceleration sensor 49,and for the switch 4824 a and a switch 4826 a to be controlled by thecontrol of the controller 39. Then, the operation unit 9 can be used toswitch between a two-sided always-on mode in which both the switch 4824a and the switch 4826 a are on irrespective of the state detected by theacceleration sensor 49, and a one-sided on mode in which one of eitherthe switch 4824 a or the switch 4826 a is turned on and the other isturned off on the basis of the state detected by the acceleration sensor49. In the one-sided on mode, for example, the switch 4824 a is turnedon and the switch 4826 a is turned off when the right ear is brought upagainst the elastic body unit 4863 b. The inverse occurs when the leftear is brought up against the elastic body unit 4863 a.

The one-sided on mode further incorporates the function of theenvironment-noise microphone 4638; when the environmental noise detectedby the environment-noise microphone 4638 is at or above a predeterminedamount, one of either the switch 4824 a or the switch 4826 a is turnedon and the other is turned off on the basis of the state detected by theacceleration sensor 49. In circumstances determined to be silent by thecontroller 39 when the noise detected by the environment-noisemicrophone 4638 is at or below a predetermined amount, both the switch4824 a and the switch 4826 a are turned on by a command from thecontroller 39 irrespective of the state detected by the accelerationsensor 49, the switch 4836 a being switched to the state depicted inFIG. 77, and the vibrations conducted to the chassis of the mobiletelephone 4801 from the elastic body unit 4863 a and the elastic bodyunit 4863 b are thus mutually canceled out.

FIG. 78 is a perspective view and cross-sectional views relating to thefifty-second embodiment of FIG. 77. FIG. 78A is a perspective view inwhich the mobile telephone 4801 of the fifty-second embodiment is seenfrom the front surface, and illustrates the manner in which the outersurfaces of the corners of the elastic body units 4863 a, 4863 b, 4863c, and 4863 d provided as protectors to the four corners of the mobiletelephone 4801 are beveled so as to have a smooth, convex shape. Asdescribed above, such an outer surface shape of the corner parts of themobile telephone 4801 prevents the occurrence of slight pain when theelastic member 4863 a or 4863 b is brought up against the ear cartilage,and also allows for the corner parts of the mobile telephone 4801 to besuitably fitted to the cartilage around the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus inside the auricle, permitting comfortablelistening by cartilage conduction. The occlusion of the entrance part ofthe external auditory meatus by the beveled corner parts produces theearplug bone conduction effect, which intensifies the audio signal fromthe mobile telephone 4801 in the external auditory meatus and also makesit easier to listen to the audio signal in the presence of noise, due tothe noise of the external environment being blocked by the occlusion ofthe entrance part of the external auditory meatus.

FIG. 78B is a cross-sectional view cutting through the mobile telephone4801 on the B1-B1 cross-sectional plane of FIG. 78A, on the planeperpendicular to the front view and side view; FIG. 78C is across-sectional view cutting through the mobile telephone 4801 on theB2-B2 cross-sectional plane illustrated in FIG. 78A or 78B, on the planeperpendicular to the plan view and the top view. The manner in which theouter surfaces of the corners of the elastic body units 4863 a, 4863 b,4863 c, and 4863 d are beveled so as to have a smooth, convex shape willbe readily understood from either of FIG. 78B or 78C. As illustrated bythe arrow 25 g in FIGS. 78B and 78C, the primary vibration direction ofthe piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 b is the direction perpendicularto the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405. Further, asillustrated by the arrow 25 m in FIG. 78B, the primary vibrationdirection of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 a is the directionperpendicular to the display surface of the GUI display unit 3405.

Although each of the switches 4824 a, 4826 a, and 4836 a in thefifty-second embodiment are symbolically depicted in FIG. 77 asmechanical switches, in practice the same are preferably constituted ofelectrical switches. Also, except in the case of switching between thetwo-sided always-on mode and the one-sided on mode, the switches in thefifty-second embodiment have been depicted by way of the example ofautomatically switching on the basis of the results detected by theacceleration sensor 49 and/or the environment-noise microphone 4638, butthe configuration may also permit manual switching as desired, by theoperation unit 9. It is also possible to omit the switches, asappropriate. For example, when the fifty-second embodiment is simplifiedso as to always be in the connection state depicted in FIG. 77, a mobiletelephone is obtained in which the generation of air conduction soundfrom the entire surface of the chassis is substantially eliminated andcartilage conduction occurs when the elastic body unit 4863 a or theelastic body unit 4863 b is brought into contact with the ear cartilage.

The various features of each embodiment described above are not to berestricted to individual respective embodiments, but rather can besubstituted or combined with other appropriate embodiments. For example,although the fifty-second embodiment of FIGS. 77 and 78 employs thepiezoelectric bimorph elements as cartilage conduction vibrationsources, the cartilage conduction vibration sources may be substitutedfor other vibrators, such as with the magnetic vibrators in theforty-eighth embodiment of FIGS. 72 and 73, the fiftieth embodiment ofFIG. 75, or the fifty-first embodiment of FIG. 76.

FIG. 79 is a graph illustrating an example of measurement data of themobile telephone configured on the basis of the forty-sixth embodimentof FIG. 69. In the graph of FIG. 79, the mobile telephone 4201 of theforty-sixth embodiment (in which configuration the vibration from thevibration source inside the outer wall is transmitted to the surface ofthe outer wall) is used to illustrate, in relation to the frequency, thesound pressure within the external auditory meatus 1 cm from theentrance part of the external auditory meatus when, without contact withthe auricular helix, the surface of the outer wall of the corner partsof the mobile telephone 4201 is brought into contact with at least apart of the ear cartilage around the entrance part of the externalauditory meatus, according to FIGS. 2A and 2B, which have been used todescribe the first embodiment. In the graph, the vertical axis is thesound pressure (in dBSPLs), and the horizontal axis is the frequency ona logarithmic scale (in Hz). In terms of the contact pressurerelationship between the surface of the outer wall of the corner partsof the mobile telephone 4201 and the cartilage around the entrance partof the external auditory meatus, the graph uses a solid line toillustrate the sound pressure during a non-contact state, a short-dashedline to illustrate the sound pressure in a state of slight contact (10grams of contact pressure), a single-dotted line to illustrate the soundpressure in a state in which the mobile 4201 is being used normally (250grams of contact pressure), and a double-dotted line to illustrate thesound pressure in a state in which the external auditory meatus isoccluded by increased contact pressure (500 grams of contact pressure).As illustrated, the sound pressure increases from the non-contact statedue to contact of 10 grams of contact pressure and increases further dueto the contact pressure increasing to 250 grams; the sound pressureincreases even more when the contact pressure is increased further fromsuch a state to 500 grams.

It will be readily understood from the graph of FIG. 79 that when thesurface of the outer wall of the mobile telephone 4201, which has thevibration source arranged inward from the surface of the outer wall andis configured such that the vibration of the vibration source istransmitted to the surface of the outer wall, is brought into contactwith at least a part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part ofthe external auditory meatus without making contact with the auricularhelix, the sound pressure in the external auditory meatus about 1 cmfrom the entrance part of the external auditory meatus has an increaseof at least 10 dB in the main frequency range of speech (500 Hz to 2,300Hz), compared to the non-contact state (to be contrasted with thenon-contact state illustrated by the solid line and the state in whichthe mobile telephone 4201 is being used normally, illustrated by thesingle-dotted line). It will also be readily understood from the graphof FIG. 79 that when the surface of the outer wall of the mobiletelephone 4201 is brought into contact with at least a part of the earcartilage around the entrance part of the external auditory meatuswithout making contact with the auricular helix, the sound pressure inthe external auditory meatus about 1 cm from the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus has an at least 5 dB change in the mainfrequency range of speech (500 Hz to 2,500 Hz) according to the changein contact pressure (to be contrasted with the slight contact stateillustrated by the short-dashed line and the contact state in the statein which the mobile telephone 4201 is being used normally, illustratedby the single-dotted line).

It will further be readily understood from the graph of FIG. 79 thatwhen the entrance part of the external auditory meatus is occluded bythe surface of the outer wall of the mobile telephone 4201 being broughtinto contact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around theentrance part of the external auditory meatus without making contactwith the auricular helix (for example, when the surface of the outerwall of the mobile telephone 4201 is strongly pressed against theoutside of the tragus, thus folding the tragus over and occluding theexternal auditory meatus), the sound pressure in the external auditorymeatus about 1 cm from the entrance part of the external auditory meatushas an increase of at least 20 dB in the main frequency range of speech(300 Hz to 1,800 Hz) compared to the non-contact state (to be contrastedwith the non-contact state illustrated by the solid line and the statein which the external auditory meatus is occluded, illustrated by thedouble-dotted line).

The measurements in FIG. 79 are all in a state in which the output ofthe vibration source does not change. The measurements in FIG. 79 forthe state where the surface of the outer wall is brought into contactwith at least a part of the ear cartilage around the external auditorymeatus without making contact with the auricular helix are performed ina state where the surface of the outer wall was in contact from theoutside of the tragus. The measurements in FIG. 79 made in a state ofthe external auditory meatus being occluded were performed by creating astate where the external auditory meatus was occluded by the tragusbeing folded due to being more strongly pressed against from theoutside, as described above.

As described above, the measurements in FIG. 79 were performed in astate where the surface at the corner parts of the outer wall in themobile telephone 4201 of the forty-sixth embodiment illustrated in FIG.69 was brought into contact with the outside of the tragus, but thecorner parts of the forty-sixth embodiment serve as the elastic bodyunits 4263 a, 4263 b acting as protectors, and are constituted of amaterial different from the other portions of the outer wall. Thevibration source is supported on the inner surface of the corner partsof the outer wall constituted of the elastic body units 4263 a, 4263 b.The corner parts of the outer wall of the mobile telephone 4201 aresusceptible to impact from the outside, and are firmly bonded to preventthe occurrence of relative deviation between the outer wall and theother portions even in a case of being constituted of the elastic bodyunits 4263 a, 4263 b.

The measurement graph of FIG. 79 is merely an example; upon furtherscrutiny, there are individual differences. Also, the measurement graphof FIG. 79 was measured in a state where the surface of the outer wallwas brought into contact only with a small surface area of the outsideof the tragus, for the sake of simplifying and standardizing thephenomenon. However, an increase in sound pressure due to contact alsorelies on the area of contact with the cartilage, and in a case wherethe surface of the outer wall is brought into contact with the earcartilage around the entrance part of the external auditory meatuswithout making contact with the auricular helix, the increase in soundpressure is elevated further when there is contact with a portion of thecartilage wider than around the entrance part of the external auditorymeatus. In consideration of the facts above, the values illustrated inthe measurement graph of FIG. 79 have a certain universality inillustrating the configuration of the mobile telephone 4201, and can bereproduced by a non-specific number of test subjects. Further, themeasurement graph of FIG. 79 was achieved by the tragus being pressedfrom the outside when the entrance part of the external auditory meatusis occluded, thus increasing the contact pressure and folding the tragusover, but similar results are also obtained in a case where the cornerparts of the mobile telephone 4201 are pressed on the entrance part ofthe external auditory meatus, which is then occluded. The measurementsin FIG. 79 were measured by the vibration source being held on theinside of the corner parts of the outer wall, as in the mobile telephone4201 of the forty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 69, but there is nolimitation thereto, and the measurements are also reproducible in otherembodiments as well. For example, [the measurements] are alsoreproducible with a configuration in which the vibration source is heldon the interior of the elastic body units 4363 a, 4363 b serving asprotectors, as illustrated in FIG. 72 (for example, an embeddedconfiguration).

In other words, the measurement graph of FIG. 79 suffices to explain thecharacteristic of the mobile telephone of the present invention, in thatwhen the surface of the outer wall of the mobile telephone, which hasthe vibration source arranged inward from the surface of the outer walland is configured such that the vibration of the vibration source istransmitted to the surface of the outer wall, is brought into contactwith at least a part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part ofthe external auditory meatus without making contact with the auricularhelix, the sound pressure inside the external auditory meatus about 1 cmfrom the entrance part of the external auditory meatus has an at least10 dB increase in at least a part (for example, 1,000 Hz) of the mainfrequency range of speech (500 Hz to 2,300 Hz), compared to thenon-contact state.

The graph in FIG. 79 also suffices to explain the characteristic of themobile telephone of the present invention, in that when the surface ofthe outer wall of the mobile telephone is brought into contact with atleast a part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus without making contact with the auricularhelix, the sound pressure inside the external auditory meatus about 1 cmfrom the entrance part of the external auditory meatus has an at least 5dB increase in at least a part (for example, 1,000 Hz) of the mainfrequency range of speech (500 Hz to 2,500 Hz) due to the increase incontact pressure.

The graph in FIG. 79 further suffices to explain the characteristic ofthe mobile telephone of the present invention, in that when the entrancepart of the external auditory meatus is occluded by the surface of theouter wall of the mobile telephone 4201 being brought into contact withat least a part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus without making contact with the auricularhelix, the sound pressure in the external auditory meatus about 1 cmfrom the entrance part of the external auditory meatus has an increaseof at least 20 dB in at least a part (for example, 1,000 Hz) of the mainfrequency range of speech (300 Hz to 1,800 Hz) compared to thenon-contact state.

The mobile telephone of the present invention as confirmed by themeasurements in the graph of FIG. 79 is significant in the followingmanner. Namely, the present invention provides a mobile telephone havinga vibration source arranged inward from the surface of an outer wall,and volume adjustment means, the vibration of the vibration source beingtransmitted to the surface of the outer wall, and sound being listenedto by bringing the surface of the outer wall into contact with at leasta part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part of the externalauditory meatus without making contact with the auricular helix; thefeatures thereof are defined as follows. Namely, in a room where thenoise level (the A-weighted sound pressure level) is 45 dB or less, [themobile telephone] being brought into proximity with the entrance part ofthe external auditory meatus and the surface of the outer wall beingarranged so as to not be in contact, the volume is minimized and puresound at 1,000 Hz is generated from the vibration source. In addition,narrow-band noise at 1,000 Hz (⅓ octave-band noise) at a marginal levelwhere the pure sound at 1,000 Hz is masked and cannot be heard isgenerated from a loudspeaker at a position separated from the entrancepart of the external auditory meatus by 1 m. This can be confirmed bysequentially increasing narrow-band noise at 1,000 Hz and determiningthe magnitude at which pure sound at 1,000 Hz is masked and can nolonger be heard. The narrow-band noise at 1,000 Hz is subsequentlyincreased by 10 dB from the marginal level, but according to the mobiletelephone of the present invention, bringing the surface of the outerwall into contact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around theentrance part of the external auditory meatus without making contactwith the auricular helix makes it possible to listen to pure sound at1,000 Hz without the need to adjust or change the volume adjustingmeans.

When the narrow-band noise at 1,000 Hz is further increased by 20 dBfrom the marginal level as determined above, according to the mobiletelephone of the present invention, bringing the surface of the outerwall into contact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around theentrance part of the external auditory meatus without making contactwith the auricular helix makes it possible to listen to pure sound at1,000 Hz without the need to adjust or change the volume adjustingmeans.

FIG. 80 is a side view and a cross-sectional view of an ear, intended toillustrate the relationship between the detailed structure of the earand the mobile telephone of the present invention. FIG. 80A is a sideview of the left ear 30, where a position 4201 a shown with asingle-dotted line depicts the state where the corner part of the mobiletelephone 4201 is brought into contact with the outside of the tragus.The position 4201 a corresponds to the state in which the measurementsof FIG. 79 were performed. Meanwhile, a position 4201 b shown by thedouble-dotted line is a depiction of the state where the corner part ofthe mobile telephone 4201 is brought into contact with a portion ofcartilage wider than that around the entrance part of the externalauditory meatus. At the position 4201 b, an increase in sound pressuregreater than what is illustrated in FIG. 79 can be achieved through thecontact with the ear cartilage.

FIG. 80B is a cross-sectional view of the right ear 28, and depicts themanner in which the vibration of the vibration source generated from thecorner part of the mobile telephone 4201 is conducted to the tympanicmembrane 28 a. The mobile telephone 4201 in the state in FIG. 80B hasbeen brought into contact with a portion of cartilage wider than thataround the entrance part of the external auditory meatus, according tothe position 4201 b in FIG. 80A (though it may not be evident from theportion of the cross-sectional view alone, the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus is not occluded in such a state). A vibration28 b generated from the corner part of the mobile telephone 4201 isconducted to the cartilage around the entrance part of the externalauditory meatus from the portion of contact, and air conduction sound issubsequently generated in the external auditory meatus 28 c from thesurface of cartilage part of external auditory meatus. The airconduction sound then proceeds through the inside of the externalauditory meatus 28 c and reaches the tympanic membrane 28 a. Direct airconduction 28 d is also generated from the corner part of the mobiletelephone 4201, and naturally also proceeds through the inside of theexternal auditory meatus 28 c and reaches the tympanic membrane 28 a. Inthe state where the mobile telephone 4201 is not in contact with thecartilage, solely the direct air conduction 28 reaches the tympanicmembrane 28 a.

An additional description shall now be provided for the frequencycharacteristics of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 used in theforty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 69 and elsewhere. The frequencycharacteristics of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 used inembodiments of the present invention in regard to the generation ofdirect air conduction are not flat; rather, the generation of airconduction at frequencies below substantially approximately 1 kHz iscorrespondingly less than at frequencies above the boundary. Such afrequency characteristic in the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 inregard to the generation of direct air conduction is ideally matched tothe frequency characteristic in a case where there is air conductionsound from the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 in the externalauditory meatus directly via the cartilage. Namely, the sound pressurein the external auditory meatus according to the frequencycharacteristics in air conduction sound through cartilage conduction isgreater in frequencies below about 1 kHz than frequencies that arehigher than this boundary. Therefore, in a case involving the use of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 of the frequency characteristicdescribed above for the generation of direct air conduction, the factthat the two are complementary results in the frequency characteristicof sound reaching the tympanic membrane being approximately flat. Thus,the cartilage conduction vibration source used in the present inventionexhibits a frequency characteristic for the generation of air conductionsound that trends inversely with respect to the frequency characteristicin cartilage conduction.

FIG. 79, which is the measurement data from the forty-sixth embodimentof FIG. 69, provides a specific description of such facts. In the graphof FIG. 79, sound pressure is viewed by applying a sine wave with avarying frequency at the same voltage to the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 having the structure illustrated in FIG. 69, wherefore thesound pressure in non-contact illustrated by the solid line in the graphof FIG. 79 substantially exhibits the frequency characteristic forgenerating air conduction sound generated from the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525. In other words, as is clear from the solid line in thegraph of FIG. 79, the frequency characteristic for generating airconduction sound by the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is not flat,but rather, when there is a focus on a band between, for example, 100 Hzand 4 kHz, then the comparative sound pressure is low primarily in thelow-frequency band (for example, 200 Hz to 1.5 kHz), and the soundpressure is high primarily in the high-frequency band (for example, 1.5kHz to 4 kHz) (the sound pressure measured in FIG. 79 is that in theexternal auditory meatus at about 1 cm from the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus, and therefore the influence of the effect ofunoccluded ear gain in increasing sound pressure is observed between 2.5kHz and 3.5 kHz, but it is clear that the high-frequency band has arelatively higher sound pressure than the low-frequency band even wheninterpreted with this portion subtracted). In this manner, viewed fromFIG. 79 as well, the frequency characteristic of the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 used in the forty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 69 andelsewhere is not flat, but rather the generated air conduction sound atlow frequencies will be readily understood to be relatively less thanthat at high frequencies, the boundary being substantially at about 1kHz.

Next, in the graph of the normal state of contact 250 g shown in FIG. 79with a single-dotted line, a marked increase in sound pressure comparedto the state of non-contact is observed beginning at a few hundred Hz,closer to the lower-frequency region than to 1 kHz; the increasepersists until at least about 2.5 kHz. Accordingly, the frequencycharacteristic of sound measured in the external auditory meatus for thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525, which is the same vibration source,exhibits a clear difference between direct air conduction and airconduction through cartilage conduction (that is, air conduction throughcartilage conduction has a large increase in sound pressure,particularly at a few hundred Hz to 2.5 kHz, compared to direct airconduction). As a result, as illustrated by the graph of the normalstate of contact 250 g shown in FIG. 79 by the single-dotted line, asregards the sound pressure in the external auditory meatus in the caseof air conduction through cartilage conduction, the frequencycharacteristic of the sound that reaches the tympanic membrane as aresult is closer to being flat than in the case of direct air conductionillustrated by the solid line.

Additionally, a state of external auditory meatus occlusion 500 gillustrated by FIG. 79 with a double-dotted line has a furtherpronounced increase in sound pressure between a few hundred Hz to 1 kHz,due to the earplug bone conduction effect, and the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525, which is the same vibration source, exhibits disparatefrequency characteristic clearly different from both the state of normalcontact 250 g and the state of non-contact. However, because unoccludedear gain ceases to be present in the state of external auditory meatusocclusion 500 g illustrated with the double-dotted line, presumablythere appears a result such that the effect from the peak sound pressureat 2.5 kHz to 3.5 kHz observed in the state of open external auditorymeatus has disappeared.

Fifty-third Embodiment

FIG. 81 is a block diagram of a fifty-third embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention. The fifty-third embodiment, similarlywith respect to the twenty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 38, is configured as3D television viewing eyeglasses 2381 by which stereo audio informationcan be experienced, and forms a 3D television viewing system togetherwith a 3D television 2301. Also similarly with respect to thetwenty-fifth embodiment, the vibration of a right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 arranged at a right temple unit2382 is transmitted to the outer side of the cartilage of the base ofthe right ear via a contact unit 2363, and the vibration of a left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 arranged at a left temple unit2384 is transmitted to the outer side of the cartilage of the base ofthe left ear via a contact unit 2364. The fifty-third embodiment hasmuch in common with the twenty-fifth embodiment, and shared portionshave therefore been given like reference numerals, a description thereofhaving been omitted unless there is a particular need. Further, althougha depiction in FIG. 81 has been omitted, the internal configuration ofthe 3D television 2301 is the same as is illustrated in FIG. 38.

The fifty-third embodiment of FIG. 81, similarly with respect to thetwenty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 38, uses the piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 having a similar structure to that of the forty-sixthembodiment of FIG. 69, as the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibrationunit 2324 and the left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326. Inother words, the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 andthe left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 exhibit afrequency characteristic for the generation of direct air conductionthat trends inversely with regard to the frequency characteristic incartilage conduction, the generation of air conduction at frequenciesbelow substantially approximately 1 kHz being correspondingly less thanat frequencies above the boundary. Specifically, the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 employed in the fifty-thirdembodiment of FIG. 81 have a difference of 5 dB or greater between themean air conduction output from 500 Hz to 1 kHz and the mean airconduction output from 1 kHz to 2.5 kHz, compared to an average, typicalspeaker designed in consideration of air conduction, and exhibit afrequency characteristic that would be undesirable for a typicalspeaker.

A point of difference in the fifty-third embodiment of FIG. 81 from thetwenty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 38 lies in that the driving of theabove-described right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 andleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 is performed via afrequency characteristic correction unit 4936. The frequencycharacteristic correction unit 4936 is provided with a cartilageconduction equalizer 4938 for correcting the frequency characteristic ofthe sound pressure serving as air conduction sound in the externalauditory meatus so as to approach flatness, in consideration of thefrequency characteristic specific to cartilage conduction. The cartilageconduction equalizer 4938 fundamentally corrects the frequencycharacteristic of the drive signals to the right-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 and to the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 equally, but it is alsopossible to utilize separately corrections for the variations betweenthe right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 and the left-earcartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326. The frequency characteristiccorrection unit 4936 is further provided with a cartilage conductionlow-pass filter 4940 for trimming higher frequencies (e.g., trimming 10kHz and higher). [The cartilage conduction low-pass filter 4940] isintended to prevent the unpleasant outward divergence of air conduction,because the right-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2324 and theleft-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit 2326 in the fifty-thirdembodiment are shaped such that the ear is not covered. Thecharacteristics of the low-pass filter have been determined inconsideration that the frequency region advantageous for cartilageconduction (for example, 10 kHz and lower) not be trimmed. In terms ofacoustics, it is disadvantageous for an audio device to trim out theaudible range (for example, 10 kHz to 20 kHz) and the frequency bandthereabove, and the configuration is therefore such that the functionsof the cartilage conduction low-pass filter 4940 can be turned offmanually in an environment where consideration need not be given to theunpleasant outward divergence of air conduction.

Fifty-fourth Embodiment

FIG. 82 is a block diagram of a fifty-fourth embodiment according to anaspect of the present invention. The fifty-fourth embodiment, similarlywith respect to the fourth embodiment of FIG. 8, is configured as amobile telephone 5001. The fifty-fourth embodiment has much in commonwith the fourth embodiment, and shared portions have therefore beengiven like reference numerals, a description thereof having been omittedunless there is a need. The fifty-fourth embodiment of FIG. 82,similarly with respect to the fifty-third embodiment of FIG. 81, usesthe piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 having a similar structure tothat of the forty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 69, serving as the vibrationsource of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 228. In other words,the vibration source of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 228exhibits a frequency characteristic for the generation of direct airconduction that trends inversely with regard to the frequencycharacteristic in cartilage conduction, the generation of air conductionat frequencies below substantially approximately 1 kHz beingcorrespondingly less than at frequencies above the boundary.Specifically, as with the fifty-second embodiment, the piezoelectricbimorph element employed in the fifty-fourth embodiment of FIG. 82 has adifference of 5 dB or greater between the mean air conduction outputfrom 500 Hz to 1 kHz and the mean air conduction output from 1 kHz to2.5 kHz, compared to an average, typical speaker designed with theexpectation of air conduction, and exhibits a frequency characteristicthat would be undesirable for a typical speaker.

A point of difference in the fifty-fourth embodiment of FIG. 82 from thefourth embodiment of FIG. 8 lies in the manner in which theabove-described piezoelectric bimorph element of the vibration source ofthe cartilage conduction vibration unit 228 is driven, being performedvia a cartilage conduction low-pass filter 5040 for trimming higherfrequencies (e.g., trimming 2.5 kHz and higher) and via a cartilageconduction equalizer 5038. The cartilage conduction equalizer 5038,similarly with respect to the fifty-third embodiment, corrects thefrequency characteristic of the sound pressure serving as air conductionsound in the external auditory meatus so as to approach flatness, inconsideration of the frequency characteristic specific to cartilageconduction. An audio signal passed via the cartilage conductionequalizer 5038 will have undergone a frequency characteristic correctionin consideration of the frequency characteristic specific to cartilageconduction, and therefore has a different frequency characteristic froman audio signal to the speaker 51 for a videoconferencing function, inwhich the generation of direct air conduction is presumed.

The cartilage conduction equalizer 5038 of the fifty-fourth embodiment,upon detection by the pressure sensor 242 of the state where the earhole is blocked and the earplug bone conduction effect occurs,automatically switches the frequency characteristic to be corrected fromthe frequency characteristic used in the normal state of contact to thefrequency characteristic used in the state where the earplug boneconduction effect is generated. The difference in correction for thefrequency correction to which a switch is thereupon made corresponds to,for example, the difference between the single-dotted line (normalcontact 250 g) and double-dotted line (external auditory meatusocclusion 500 g) in FIG. 79. Specifically, the frequency characteristicis corrected so as to prevent an over-emphasis of the lower sound regionwhen the earplug bone conduction effect occurs and so as to compensatefor the loss of unoccluded ear gain due to the occlusion of the externalauditory meatus, thus attenuating the change in acoustics between thepresence and absence of the earplug bone conduction effect.

The cartilage conduction low-pass filter 5040 in the fifty-fourthembodiment has the objectives of preventing sound in the band that canbe heard by ear from leaking out and of protecting privacy, and isparticularly useful at times of silence. The characteristics of thecartilage conduction low-pass filter 5040 have been determined inconsideration that the frequency band at which contact with the earcartilage has a pronounced effect in increasing sound pressure (forexample, 2.5 kHz and lower) not be trimmed. The audio of the mobiletelephone, from the start, is trimmed at 3 kHz or higher, but the bandfrom a few hundred Hz to about 2.5 kHz, where the effect of cartilageconduction in increasing sound pressure is high even without unoccludedear gain, is actively used; frequencies at 2.5 kHz and higher, otherthan the band at which the effect specific to cartilage conductionemerges, are trimmed, whereby the aforementioned privacy protection canreasonably be fulfilled. As noted above, the effects of the cartilageconduction low-pass filter 5040 are particularly important at times ofsilence, and therefore, in a preferred configuration, can be turned onand off manually, or can be automatically turned on only in times ofsilence by the environment-noise microphone 4638 provided in thefiftieth embodiment of FIG. 75 or a similar element. In theconfiguration in which [the cartilage conduction low-pass filter 5040]can be turned on and off manually, there is the expectation that noiseis louder when the cartilage conduction equalizer 5038 uses thefrequency characteristic of the state where the earplug bond conductioneffect occurs; therefore, the cartilage conduction low-pass filter 5040is configured so as to be forcibly turned off when turned on manually.

The implementation of the features of the present invention illustratedby the embodiments above is not to be limited to the respectiveembodiments above. For example, the fifty-third embodiment andfifty-fourth embodiment above combine the cartilage conduction vibrationsource and cartilage conduction equalizer for imparting the generationof air conduction sound having a frequency characteristic that differsfrom the normal frequency characteristic for generating air conductionin that the final frequency characteristic of air conduction soundhaving passed through cartilage conduction approaches flatness; however,it is also possible to omit either one thereof. For example, thecartilage conduction equalizer can be omitted when the cartilageconduction vibration source used is well suited for the frequencycharacteristic of cartilage conduction. Conversely, another possibleconfiguration is one where the cartilage conduction vibration sourceemployed has a frequency characteristic for imparting the generation ofair conduction sound according to a normal air conduction speaker, andthe function adapted to bring the final frequency characteristic of airconduction having passed through cartilage conduction closer to flatnessis concentrated in the cartilage conduction equalizer.

Fifty-fifth Embodiment

FIG. 83 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to afifty-fifth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,which is configured as a mobile telephone 5101. The fifty-fifthembodiment is consistent with the forty-sixth embodiment illustrated inFIG. 69, except for the holding structure of the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525, which is constituted of a piezoelectric bimorphelement, and except for the addition of a T-coil (described later), andtherefore shared portions have been assigned like reference numerals anda description thereof has been omitted unless there is a need.

First, the holding structure for the cartilage conduction vibrationsource 2525 in the fifty-fifth embodiment shall now be described. As isclear from the perspective view in FIG. 83A, the left and right cornerparts of the mobile telephone 5101 are provided with cartilageconduction units 5124 and 5126 composed of a hard material. Examples ofsuitable materials for the cartilage conduction units 5124 and 5126include an ABS resin, fiber-reinforced plastic, or high-toughness fineceramic. Elastic bodies 5165 b and 5165 a made of a vinyl-based,urethane-based, or other type of material are interposed between thecartilage conduction units 5124 and 5126 and the chassis of the mobiletelephone 5101, and function as a vibration isolation material and as acushioning material.

As is also clear from FIGS. 83B and 83C, the cartilage conduction units5124 and 5126 are structured to hold the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 at the inside thereof. The piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 isalso structured to be held at the chassis of the mobile telephone 5101,without making direct contact, by the interposed elastic bodies 5165 band 5165 a. The vibration energy of the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 is thereby concentrated on the cartilage conduction units 5124 and5126, and also thereby prevented from being dispersed to the chassis ofthe mobile telephone 5101.

Further, as illustrated in FIG. 83A by the short-dashed line, a T-coil5121 is arranged inside the center of the upper part of the mobiletelephone 5101 in the fifty-fifth embodiment. The T-coil 5121 isintended to transmit audio information by electromagnetic induction to ahearing aid provided with a corresponding T-coil. A description of therelationship between the manner in which the T-coil transmits audioinformation and the manner in which cartilage conduction transmits audioinformation will be provided later.

FIG. 84 is a block diagram of the fifty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 83, inwhich like portions have been assigned like reference numerals to thosein FIG. 83 and a description thereof has been omitted. The configurationof the block diagram of FIG. 84 has much in common with the blockdiagram of the fifty-fourth embodiment in FIG. 82. Since these elementscan be referenced, shared parts of the configuration have been givenlike reference numerals and a description thereof has been omitted.

The fifty-fifth embodiment includes the T-coil 5121, as has already beendescribed, and in a case where the user of the mobile telephone 5101 iswearing a hearing aid provided with a T-coil, audio information can betransmitted to the hearing aid by electromagnetic induction through theT-coil 5121. The T-coil function of the hearing aid provided with aT-coil can be turned on and off, the configuration being such that aselection can be made to turn the microphone of the hearing aid on oroff in a case where the T-coil has been turned on. Correspondingly, aswitch 5121 a of the mobile telephone 5101 of the fifty-fifth embodimentcan be turned on or off in response to an operation of the operationunit 9 and a selection can be made as to whether or not to cause theT-coil 5121 to function. In a case where a selection is made to turn theT-coil 5121 on, there is provided a switch 5121 b for forcibly turningoff, in conjunction therewith, the cartilage conduction vibration unit228, which includes the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525.

As has already been described, in the state where the ear is plugged aswell, cartilage conduction generates air conduction sound within theexternal auditory meatus along with the earplug bone conduction effect.As a result, in a case where the entrance to the external auditorymeatus is blocked by the hearing aid, sound can still be heard withoutthe T-coil 5121 being turned on, due to cartilage conduction, thevibration source of which is the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525. Thecartilage conduction occurs fundamentally due to the cartilageconduction unit 5124 or 5126 being brought into contact with the earcartilage, but bringing the cartilage conduction unit 5124 or 5126 intocontact with the hearing aid also makes [cartilage conduction] possibledue to the generation of air conduction sound inside the externalauditory meatus due to the vibration thereof being conducted to the earcartilage around the hearing aid. Also, depending on the manner in whichthe cartilage conduction unit 5124 or 5126 is held thereagainst, contactcan be made with both the ear cartilage and the hearing aid, airconduction sound being generated inside the external auditory meatus insuch a state of concurrence. In this manner, the mobile telephone 5101of the present invention can be utilized by the user of the hearing aideven in the state where the T-coil 5121 has been turned off.

The switch 5121 b is intended to prevent the simultaneous occurrence ofthe above-described cartilage conduction when the switch 5121 a has beenturned on to cause the T-coil 5121 to function, and the occurrence ofany awkwardness compared to sound normally listened to with the T-coil,and is also intended to prevent the unnecessary consumption of power dueto cartilage conduction during the operation of the T-coil 5121. Toprevent accidental confusion where cartilage conduction is turned offwhen the T-coil 5121 is turned on by a mistaken operation, theconfiguration is such that typically a menu to turn the T-coil 5121 onwill not appear in the operation menu of the operation unit 9 displayedon the large-screen display unit 205; in a preferred configuration, theT-coil 5121 will not turn on unless a predetermined procedure isfollowed to intentionally operate the operation unit 9.

FIG. 85 is a side view for describing the manner in which the vibrationenergy is distributed in the mobile telephone 5101 in the fifty-fifthembodiment described above, and has much in common with FIG. 2; sharedportions have therefore been given like reference numerals and adescription thereof has been omitted. As illustrated in FIG. 83, thecartilage conduction units 5124 and 5126, which directly hold thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525, are held at the chassis of themobile telephone 5101 by the interposed elastic bodies 5165 b and 5165a. The vibration of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is therebyeffectively conducted to the ear cartilage from the cartilage conductionunits 5124 and 5126, and moreover the vibration is less prone to beconveyed to the chassis of the mobile telephone 5101, because thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is not in direct contact therewith.In other words, the structure is such that the vibration energy of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is concentrated on the cartilageconduction units 5124 and 5126, and is not dispersed to the chassis ofthe mobile telephone 5101.

A specific description by way of FIG. 85 shall now be provided. Becausethe vibration energy is concentrated on the cartilage conduction units5124 and 5126, the amplitude and acceleration of vibration are greatestat positions (1) and (2) on the surface of the chassis of the mobiletelephone 5101 (see the encircled numbers 1, 2 in FIG. 85), and aposition (3) between the cartilage conduction units 5124 and 5126 on thechassis of the mobile telephone 5101 (see the encircled number 3 in FIG.85) has somewhat less amplitude and acceleration of vibration. Also, aposition (4) and a position (5) (see the encircled numbers 4, 5 in FIG.85) are separated form the positions (1) and (2) in that order, and havecorrespondingly decreasing amplitude and acceleration of vibration onthe surface of the chassis of the mobile telephone 5101. For example,the amplitude and acceleration of vibration on the surface of thechassis of the mobile telephone 5101 at the position (5), which isseparated from each of the positions (1) and (2) by 5 cm or more, become¼ or less (25% or less) of the amplitude and acceleration of vibrationon the surface at the cartilage conduction units 5124 and 5126. FIG. 85Aillustrates the state where the mobile telephone 5101 in which vibrationis thus distributed is held up to the right ear 28 and suitablecartilage conduction is obtained, and FIG. 85B illustrates the statewhere the mobile telephone 5101 is held up to the left ear 30 andsimilarly suitable cartilage conduction is obtained.

The feature by which the vibration energy for the cartilage conductiondescribed above is concentrated at the parts of expected contact withthe ear cartilage at the entrance part of the external auditory meatusis not limited to the fifty-fifth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 83 to85, and also appears in several other embodiments that have already beendescribed. For example, the first to third, eleventh to fourteenth,twenty-ninth to thirty-third, thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, forty-secondto forty-fourth, forty-sixth to fiftieth, fifty-second, and fifty-fifthembodiments are examples where the vibration acceleration or amplitudeof vibration at the parts of expected contact is greater than thevibration acceleration or amplitude of vibration at portions separatedfrom the parts of expected contact, [this effect] being particularlypronounced in configurations as in the twenty-ninth, thirtieth tothirty-third, forty-second to forty-third, forty-sixth to fiftieth,fifty-second, and fifty-fifth embodiments, as will be described later.For reasons that will be described later, the vibration acceleration oramplitude of vibration decreases monotonically, relative to the parts ofexpected contact, as the distance from the parts of expected contactincreases.

The parts of expected contact, at which the vibration energy forcartilage conduction is concentrated in the present invention, do notprotrude from the chassis, and are not shaped so as to hinder the use ofthe mobile telephone. Further, the parts of expected contact are foundat positions removed from both the central up-down axis and centralleft-right axis of the chassis, and are suitably disposed in contactwith the ear cartilage at the entrance part of the external auditorymeatus. Specifically, the parts of expected contact are found at cornerparts or an upper side part or side surface part in the vicinity of thecorner parts of the mobile telephone. In other words, the arrangementconfiguration described above obtains a suitable configuration by whichthe surface of the outer wall is brought into contact with at least apart of the ear cartilage around the entrance part of the externalauditory meatus without making contact with the auricular helix.

As described above, in the present invention, the vibration energy canbe concentrated at the parts of expected contact with the ear cartilageat the entrance part of the external auditory meatus not only in thefifty-fifth embodiment of FIGS. 83 to 85 but also in other embodiments.To classify this feature, firstly, the twenty-ninth embodiment, thethirtieth embodiment, the second modification example of thethirty-first embodiment, the thirty-second embodiment, the thirty-thirdembodiment, and the fifty-fifth embodiment are first examples whereelastic bodies create an isolation between the parts of expected contactand the chassis of the mobile telephone, whereby the feature isrealized. The twenty-ninth embodiment, the thirtieth embodiment, thethirty-second embodiment, and the thirty-third embodiment are secondexamples where the primary vibration direction of the piezoelectricbimorph element is avoided and the same is supported on the chassis ofthe mobile telephone, whereby the vibration energy is concentrated atthe parts of expected contact. The thirtieth embodiment, thethirty-first embodiment, and the forty-seventh embodiment are thirdexamples where there is a reduced surface area of contact between theparts of expected contact and the chassis of the mobile telephonesupporting the same, whereby the vibration energy is concentrated at theparts of expected contact. The forty-second to forty-fourth embodiment,the forty-sixth embodiment and the modification example thereof, theforty-eighth to fiftieth embodiments, the fifty-second embodiment, andthe fifty-fifth embodiment are fourth examples where the holdingposition of the vibrator is limited to the vicinity of the parts ofcontact, whereby the vibration energy is concentrated at the parts ofexpected contact. The forty-sixth embodiment and the modificationexample thereof, the forty-eighth to fiftieth embodiments, thefifty-second embodiment, and the fifty-fifth embodiment are fifthexamples where the parts of expected contact have a different materialfrom that of the chassis of the mobile telephone, whereby the vibrationenergy is concentrated at the parts of expected contact. However, as isclear from the fact that some embodiments are duplicated in theclassifications described above, the features classified as above can inpractice be employed in a plurality of combinations.

The various features of the present invention described above are notlimited to the embodiments described above. For example, as amodification example of the fifty-fifth embodiment, another possibleconfiguration is one where a hole having a greater cross-sectional areathan that of the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 is opened at each ofthe elastic bodies 5165 b and 5165 a, the cross-section of which isillustrated by FIG. 83B, the piezoelectric bimorph element 2525 beingheld through the holes by the cartilage conduction units 5124 and 5126.Such a case is structured such that the piezoelectric bimorph element2525 does not make direct contact with the elastic bodies 5165 b and5165 a, and it becomes possible to prevent the vibration energy of thepiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 from being dispersed to the chassisof the mobile telephone 5101 via the elastic bodies 5165 b and 5165 a.

The fifty-fifth embodiment described above, similarly with respect tothe forty-sixth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 69, is structured suchthat the vibration of both ends of a single piezoelectric bimorphelement 2525 is conducted to the left and right cartilage conductionunits 5124 and 5126; however, the implementation of a feature such asthat of the fifty-fifth embodiment is not to be limited thereto. Forexample, the holding structure of the fifty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 83may be applied to the structure in which one side of the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is supported by the cantilever structure, as in theforty-second embodiment of FIG. 65. Furthermore, in a configuration asin the fifty-second embodiment of FIG. 77, where the right earpiezoelectric bimorph element 2525 b and the left ear piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 a are employed, the holding structure of thefifty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 83 may be applied to the manner in whichthe same are each supported by the cantilever structure.

As has already been described, the ability to independently control theright ear and left-ear cartilage-conduction vibration unit s, as in thefirst to third embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 7 and the fifty-secondembodiment in FIG. 77, makes it possible to stop the vibration of thevibration unit, which is not brought into contact with the earcartilage. In such a case, in the distribution of vibration energy inthe case where the vibration of the cartilage conduction unit 5126 isstopped in FIG. 85A illustrating the state where the cartilageconduction unit 5124 is held against the right ear 28, the amplitude andacceleration of vibration are greatest at the position (1); theamplitude and acceleration of vibration subsequently decrease at theposition (3), the position (2), the position (4), and the position (5),in this order. By contrast, in the distribution of vibration energy inthe case where the vibration of the cartilage conduction unit 5124 isstopped in FIG. 85B illustrating the state where the cartilageconduction unit 5126 is held against the left ear 30, the amplitude andacceleration of vibration are greatest at the position (2); theamplitude and acceleration of vibration subsequently decrease at theposition (3), the position (1), the position (4), and the position (5),in this order.

Fifty-sixth Embodiment

FIG. 86 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to afifty-sixth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,which is configured as a mobile telephone 5201. The fifty-sixthembodiment is consistent with the fifty-fifth embodiment illustrated inFIG. 83, except for the holding direction of the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525 constituted of the piezoelectric bimorph element;shared portions have been given like reference numerals, and adescription thereof has been omitted unless there is a need.

In the fifty-fifth embodiment of FIG. 83, the metal sheet 2597 of thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is arranged so as to beparallel to the front surface of the mobile telephone 5101, and theprimary vibration direction is oriented orthogonal to the GUI displayunit 3405. By contrast, in the fifty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 86, ametal sheet 2599 of a cartilage conduction vibration unit 5225 isarranged so as to be perpendicular to the front surface of the mobiletelephone 5201, as a result of which the primary vibration direction ofthe cartilage conduction vibration unit 5225 becomes parallel to the GUIdisplay unit 3405, similarly with respect to the first modificationexample of the forty-second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 65C. Theconfiguration of the fifty-sixth embodiment is suitable for usage where,the front surface side of a corner part (the cartilage conduction unit5124 or 5126) of the mobile telephone 5201 being held against the earcartilage identically with respect to the case illustrated in FIG. 85,the top surface side of the corner part is held against the earcartilage in such a form as to lightly push upward, similarly withrespect to the first modification example of the forty-secondembodiment. Because the vibration is concentrated on the cartilageconduction unit 5124 or 5126, sufficient cartilage conduction can beobtained merely by bringing only the front surface side of a corner part(the cartilage conduction unit 5124 or 5126) up against the earcartilage.

In the fifty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 86, because the primary vibrationdirection of the cartilage conduction vibration unit 5225 is parallel tothe front surface of the mobile telephone 5201 (which includes the GUIdisplay unit 3405), there is a smaller vibration component transmittedto the front surface and rear surface, which account for a large surfacearea of the outer surfaces of the mobile telephone 5201. As a result,there can be a further reduction in sound leakage due to air conductionsound generated at such portions of the large surface area.

The cartilage conduction vibration unit 5225 oriented in the mannerdescribed above as in the fifty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 86 is notlimited to the fifty-sixth embodiment, but rather can also be employedin the forty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 69, the forty-sixth embodiment ofFIG. 71, the forty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 74, and other embodiments.

Fifty-seventh Embodiment

FIG. 87 is a block diagram relating to a fifty-seventh embodimentaccording to an aspect of the present invention, which is configured asa mobile telephone 5301. A piezoelectric bimorph element 5325constituting the cartilage conduction vibration unit in thefifty-seventh embodiment has a drive circuit configured as a powermanagement circuit for supplying, together with a single-chip integratedpower management IC 5303, power to each of the parts of the mobiletelephone 5301.

The integrated power management IC 5303 has a power management unit 5353and supplies different, respectively predetermined power voltages to anRF circuit unit 5322 connected to an analog baseband unit 5313 and anantenna 5345 and coupled to a digital baseband unit 5312, and to otherelements constituting the telephone communication unit, on the basis ofthe power supply from a battery 5348. The power management unit 5353further supplies different, respectively predetermined power voltagesto: an application processor 5339 corresponding to the controller 39 orthe like illustrated in other embodiments, a camera unit 5317 (depictedas a consolidation of the backside main camera and videoconferencingfunction internal camera illustrated in other embodiments), a liquidcrystal display device 5343 and touch panel 5368 in a display unit 5305,and other elements. The application processor 5339, which is linked witha memory 5337 (depicted as a consolidation of a program holding functionand a data writing and holding function), controls the entirety of themobile telephone 5301 and is capable transferring signals with externalapparatuses via a memory card 5319 (depicted as a consolidation of aslot and a card) and a USB™ connection terminal 5320.

The power management unit 5353 also supplies different, respectivelypredetermined power voltages to a controller 5321, an analog front-endunit 5336, an amplifier 5341 for a videoconferencing function speaker5351, a cartilage conduction acoustic processing unit 5338, a chargepump circuit 5354, and other elements within the integrated powermanagement IC 5303. The charge pump circuit 5354 is intended to boostthe voltage for the piezoelectric bimorph element 5325, which requireshigh voltage.

The analog front-end unit 5336 receives an analog audio signal from theapplication processor 5339, which is outside the integrated powermanagement IC 5303 and supplies the same to the videoconferencingfunction speaker 5351 via the amplifier 5341, also supplying the analogaudio signal to an earphone jack 5313 and the cartilage conductionacoustic processing unit 5338. The analog front-end unit 5336 alsotransmits an analog audio signal picked up from the user by themicrophone 5323 to the outside application processor 5339.

The charge pump circuit 5354 operates to boost voltage in cooperationwith an exterior attached condenser 5355, which is connected viaexterior attached terminals 5355 a and 5355 b, and supplies to theamplifier 5340 the voltage needed to drive the piezoelectric bimorphelement 5325. The audio signal from the analog front-end unit 5336thereby drives the piezoelectric bimorph element 5325 via the cartilageconduction acoustic processing unit 5338 and the amplifier 5340.Examples corresponding to the functions of the cartilage conductionacoustic processing unit 5338 include the acoustics adjustment unit 238and waveform inverter 240 illustrated in the fourth embodiment of FIG.8, the cartilage conduction low-pass filter 5040 and cartilageconduction equalizer 5038 illustrated in the fifty-fourth embodiment ofFIG. 82, but there is no limitation thereto.

The controller 5321 transfers digital control signals with theapplication processor 5339, which is outside the integrated powermanagement IC 5303, and controls the power management unit 5353. Thecontroller 5321 controls the analog front-end unit 5336 on the basis ofa command from the application processor 5339, and performs suchoperations as switching between sending the analog audio signal receivedfrom the application processor 5339 to the amplifier 5341 or sending thesame to the cartilage conduction acoustic processing unit 5338, in orderto drive the videoconferencing function speaker 5351. The analogfront-end unit 5336 also performs such processing as preventing the“popping sound” that accompanies the switching from being outputted tothe earphone jack 5313 and other elements.

The controller 5321 also transfers digital control signals with theapplication processor 5339, which is outside the integrated powermanagement IC 5303, and controls the cartilage conduction acousticprocessing unit in a manner relating to the acoustics adjustment,waveform inversion, the cartilage conduction low-pass filter, and thecartilage conduction equalizer, among others as exemplified above.

Because the fifty-seventh embodiment of FIG. 87, as described above, hasthe drive circuit of the cartilage conduction vibration unit configuredas a single-chip integrated IC together with a power management circuit,the cartilage conduction vibration unit can be driven directly, andpower voltage can be supplied to the cartilage conduction vibration unitintegratedly with the supply of power voltage to the various constituentelements inside the mobile telephone, it being possible to alsointegrate the control thereof. Also, having the cartilage conductionacoustic processing unit for the cartilage conduction vibration unitconfigured as a single-chip integrated IC together with a powermanagement unit further allows for the control of the audio signals ofthe piezoelectric bimorph element to be integrated. In a case where thepiezoelectric bimorph element is employed as the cartilage conductionvibration unit, although high voltage is needed to drive the same,having the drive circuit of the cartilage conduction vibration unitconfigured as a single-chip integrated IC together with a powermanagement unit, as in the fifty-seventh embodiment of FIG. 87, makes itpossible to drive the piezoelectric bimorph element without the need toadd a separate chip for a boosted-voltage circuit. Having the cartilageconduction acoustic processing unit dedicated to driving the cartilageconduction vibration unit configured as a single-chip integrated ICtogether with a power management unit further allows for the control ofthe audio signals of the piezoelectric bimorph element to be integrated.It is accordingly possible to endow the mobile telephone with a suitablecartilage conduction function merely by inputting an ordinary audiosignal to the integrated IC and connecting the cartilage conductionvibration unit to the integrated IC.

Further, having the analog-front end unit configured as a single-chipintegrated IC together with the power management unit allows for theoutput of audio signals to be collectively switched and adjusted.Specifically, the transfer of digital control signals between theintegrated IC and the application processor, relating to the functionsof the overall mobile telephone inclusive of the functions of thecartilage conduction vibration unit, can be integrated with the transferof analog audio signals between the integrated IC and the applicationprocessor.

The circuit configuration in which the drive circuit of the cartilageconduction vibration unit is configured as the power management unit andthe single-chip integrated IC, as in the fifty-seventh embodiment ofFIG. 87, can also be applied to the various other embodiments that havealready been described.

Fifty-eighth Embodiment

FIG. 88 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to afifty-eighth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,which is configured as a mobile telephone 5401. The fifty-eighthembodiment is consistent with the fifty-fifth embodiment illustrated inFIG. 83, except for a configuration intended as a countermeasure againstsound leakage due to air conduction sound (described later), andtherefore shared portions have been given like reference numerals and adescription thereof has been omitted unless there is a need. In thefifty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 88, similarly with respect to thefifty-fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 83, there is slight vibrationconducted to the chassis of the mobile telephone 5401 via the elasticbodies 5165 b and 5165 a from the cartilage conduction units 5124 and5126 composed of a hard material, which hold the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525. The front surface and rear surface of the mobiletelephone 5401, which account for a large surface area of the outersurfaces thereof, are thereby made to vibrate, and slight sound leakagedue to air conduction sound is generated. In the fifty-eighth embodimentof FIG. 88, the outer surface of the chassis of the mobile telephone5401, except for the portions of the GUI display unit 3405 and themicrophone 23, is covered by an elastic body 5463, as a countermeasureagainst such sound leakage. Herein, the elastic body 5463 is bonded soas to be integrated with the chassis of the mobile telephone 5401. Theportion of the GUI display unit 3405 then becomes an opening part so asnot to hinder GUI operation. The portion of the microphone 23 isconfigured as the microphone cover unit 467 having a sponge-like orsimilar structure that will not hinder the air conduction of audio,similarly with respect to the fifth embodiment of FIG. 11

The elastic body 5463 for covering the outer surface of the chassis ofthe mobile telephone 5401 is preferably made of the same vinyl-based,urethane-based, or other type of vibration insulation material andcushioning material as the elastic bodies 5165 b and 5165 a, or such amaterial similar thereto. The cartilage conduction units 5124 and 5126composed of a hard material, which hold the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525, are, in the fifty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 88,thereby in contact with the chassis of the mobile telephone 5401 throughbeing included via the elastic bodies 5165 b, 5165 a and the elasticbody 5463. The cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 accordinglydoes not make direct contact with the chassis of the mobile telephone5401.

Also, because the elastic body 5463 is not an insertable/releasablecover as in the fifth embodiment of FIG. 11, but is bonded so as to beintegrated with a large portion of the surface area of the surface ofthe chassis of the mobile telephone 5401, the vibration of the largeportion of the surface area of the surface of the chassis of the mobiletelephone 5401 is suppressed by the weight and elasticity thereof inboth the interior and exterior directions over the amplitude ofvibration, and vibration energy is also absorbed. The surface of themobile telephone 5401, which is contact with the air, is also givenelasticity. The air conduction sound generated from the surface of thechassis of the mobile telephone 5401, caused by the vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 across the chassis of themobile telephone 5401, is thereby attenuated. On the other hand, becausethe elastic body 5463 has an acoustic impedance approximating that ofthe ear cartilage, there is favorable cartilage conduction to the earcartilage from the cartilage conduction units 5124 and 5126. The mannerin which the elastic body 5463 covers the surface of the chassis of themobile telephone 5401 also functions as a protection for when the mobiletelephone 5401 collides with an external unit.

Fifty-ninth Embodiment

FIG. 89 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to afifty-ninth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,which is configured as a mobile telephone 5501. The fifty-ninthembodiment is consistent with the forty-second embodiment illustrated inFIG. 65, except for a configuration intended as a countermeasure againstsound leakage due to air conduction sound, and therefore portions sharedby cross-sectional views in FIGS. 89B and 89C with the cross-sectionalviews in FIGS. 65A and 65B have been assigned like reference numerals,and a description thereof has been omitted unless there is a need. Theperspective view of FIG. 89A is consistent with the fifty-eighthembodiment of FIG. 88A, and therefore shared portions have been assignedlike reference numerals and a description thereof has been omittedunless there is a need.

In the fifty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 89, one end of the piezoelectricbimorph element 2525 is held in a hole in a support structure 3800 a forholding the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525, the supportstructure 3800 a extending inward from a side surface 3807 and topsurface 3807 a of the mobile telephone 5501. The vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is therefore conducted to thechassis of the mobile telephone 5501 via the side surface 3807 and topsurface 3807 a of the mobile telephone 5501 from the support structure3800 a, and the front surface and rear surface of the mobile telephone5501, which account for a large surface area of the outer surfacesthereof, are therefore made to vibrate. There is also greater soundleakage due to the air conduction sound generated thereby than there isin the case of the fifty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 86. However, in thefifty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 89, similarly with respect to thefifty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 88, the outer surface of the chassis ofthe mobile telephone 5501, except for the portions of the GUI displayunit 3405 and the microphone 23, is covered by an elastic body 5563, asa countermeasure against such sound leakage. Herein, the elastic body5563 is bonded so as to be integrated with the chassis of the mobiletelephone 5501. The portion of the GUI display unit 3405 then becomes anopening part so as not to hinder GUI operation. The portion of themicrophone 23 is configured as the microphone cover unit 467 having asponge-like or similar structure that will not hinder the air conductionof audio, similarly with respect to the fifth embodiment of FIG. 11.This is a point of similarity with the fifty-eighth embodiment of FIG.88.

The elastic body 5563 for covering the outer surface of the chassis ofthe mobile telephone 5501 is preferably made of a vinyl-based,urethane-based, or other type of vibration insulation material andcushioning material, similarly with respect to the fifty-eighthembodiment of FIG. 88. Due to the above configuration, in thefifty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 89 as well, the vibration of a largeportion of the surface area of the surface of the chassis of the mobiletelephone 5501 is suppressed by the weight and elasticity of thecovering elastic body 5563 in both the interior and exterior directionsover the amplitude of vibration, and vibration energy is also absorbed.The surface of the mobile telephone 5501, which is contact with the air,is also given elasticity. The air conduction sound generated from thesurface of the chassis of the mobile telephone 5501, caused by thevibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525, is therebyattenuated. On the other hand, because the elastic body 5563 has anacoustic impedance approximating that of the ear cartilage, there isfavorable cartilage conduction to the ear cartilage from the upper partcorner 3824, which is a suitable site to be brought up against thetragus or other part of the ear cartilage. A further point of similaritywith the fifty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 88 is that the manner in whichthe elastic body 5563 covers the surface of the chassis of the mobiletelephone 5501 also functions as a protection for when the mobiletelephone 5501 collides with an external unit.

Sixtieth Embodiment

FIG. 90 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to asixtieth embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,which is configured as a mobile telephone 5601. The sixtieth embodimentis consistent with the forty-sixth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 69,except for a configuration intended as a countermeasure against soundleakage due to air conduction sound, and therefore shared portions aregiven like reference numerals, and a description thereof has beenomitted unless there is a need.

In the sixtieth embodiment of FIG. 90, similarly with respect to theforty-sixth embodiment of FIG. 69, elastic body units 5663 a and 5663 b,serving as protectors, are provided to the two corners of the upper partof the mobile telephone 5601. The inner sides thereof have a dualpurpose as units for holding both ends of the cartilage conductionvibration source 2525, and the outer sides have a dual purpose ascartilage conduction units for making contact with the ear cartilage.The elastic body units 5663 a and 5663 b utilize an elastic materialhaving an acoustic impedance approximating that of ear cartilage (asilicone rubber; a mixture of a silicone rubber and a butadiene rubber;a natural rubber; a structure formed using these varieties of rubber inwhich air bubbles are sealed; a structure, such as can be seen intransparent packaging sheet materials and the like, in which a layer ofgroups of air bubbles is sealed separated by a thin film of syntheticresin; or the like).

In the sixtieth embodiment of FIG. 90 as well, a substantial componentof the vibration of the elastic body units 5663 a and 5663 b for holdingthe cartilage conduction vibration source 2525 is conducted to thechassis of the mobile telephone 5601, and the front surface and rearsurface of the mobile telephone 5601, which account for a large surfacearea of the outer surfaces thereof, are made to vibrate, thus generatingair conduction sound. However, in the sixtieth embodiment of FIG. 90 aswell, there extends in a sheet-shaped manner from the elastic body units5663 a and 5663 b an elastic body 5663 composed of the same material, asa countermeasure against sound leakage caused by the aforesaid airconduction sound; the elastic body 5663 covers the outer surfaces of themobile telephone 5601 except for the portions of the GUI display unit3405 and the microphone 23. In the sixtieth embodiment of FIG. 90 aswell, similarly with respect to the fifty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 88and the fifty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 89, the elastic body 5663 isbonded so as to be integrated with the chassis of the mobile telephone5601. The portion of the GUI display unit 3405 then becomes an openingpart so as not to hinder GUI operation. The portion of the microphone 23is configured as the microphone cover unit 467 having a sponge-like orsimilar structure that will not hinder the air conduction of audio,similarly with respect to the fifth embodiment of FIG. 11. This is apoint of similarity with the fifty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 88 and thefifty-ninth embodiment of FIG. 89.

Due to the above configuration, in the sixtieth embodiment of FIG. 90 aswell, the vibration of a large portion of the surface area of thesurface of the chassis of the mobile telephone 5601 is suppressed by theweight and elasticity of the covering elastic body 5663 in both theinterior and exterior directions over the amplitude of vibration, andvibration energy is also absorbed. The surface of the mobile telephone5601, which is in contact with the air, is also given elasticity. Theair conduction sound generated from the surface of the chassis of themobile telephone 5601, caused by the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration source 2525, is thereby attenuated. The manner inwhich the elastic body 5663 covers the surface of the chassis of themobile telephone 5601 also functions as a protection for those portionsother than the elastic body units 5663 a and 5663 b.

Sixty-first Embodiment

FIG. 91 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view relating to asixty-first embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention,which is configured as a mobile telephone 5701. The sixty-firstembodiment is consistent with the fifty-fifth embodiment illustrated inFIG. 83, except for a configuration intended as a countermeasure againstsound leakage due to air conduction sound, and therefore shared portionsare given like reference numerals, and a description thereof has beenomitted unless there is a need.

In the sixty-first embodiment of FIG. 91, similarly with respect to thefifty-fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 83, both ends of thecartilage conduction vibration source 2525 are held by the cartilageconduction units 5124 and 5126 composed of a hard material, and aresupported by the chassis of the mobile telephone 5701 via the elasticbodies 5165 b and 5165 a. In such a structure, as has already beendescribed in the fifty-eighth embodiment of FIG. 88, there is slightvibration conveyed to the chassis of the mobile telephone 5701, thusgenerating sound leakage due to air conduction sound generated from thefront surface and rear surface thereof. As a countermeasure to thissound leakage, the sixty-first embodiment of FIG. 91 has apressure-fixation structure 5701 h made of a screwed-in metal sheet orthe like for pressing and affixing internal configuration components5748 of the mobile telephone 5701, including a battery and the like, tothe inner surface of the chassis of the mobile telephone 5701. Theweight of the internal configuration 5748, including the battery and thelike, is thereby integrated with the chassis of the mobile telephone5701, and the vibration of a large portion of the surface area of thechassis is thereby suppressed across both the interior and exteriordirections in the amplitude thereof, wherefore the generation of airconduction sound is attenuated.

In the sixty-first embodiment of FIG. 91, there is further a surplusspace within the chassis of the mobile telephone 5701, which is filledin with a sound-absorbent packing material 5701 i composed of nonwovencloth or the like. The surplus space within the chassis of the mobiletelephone 5701 is thereby finely sub-divided and the air within thechassis is prevented from resonating, thus attenuating the generation ofair conduction sound. To facilitate understanding, FIG. 91C provides asimplified depiction of the manner in which the internal configuration5748, the pressure fixation structure 5701 h, and the sound-absorbentpacking material 5701 i are packed, but the structure therefor is inpractice very complex; also, the pressure fixation structure 5701 h isnot limited to pressing and fixing the internal configuration 5748 onlyto the rear surface side of the mobile telephone 5701, as is depicted.For the fine sub-division of the surplus space within the chassis of themobile telephone 5701, a barrier wall also may be provided to the innerside of the chassis, instead of packing in the sound-absorbing packingmaterial 5701 i.

The implementation of the various features of the present inventionillustrated by the embodiments above is not to be limited to therespective embodiments above. For example, in the eighty-eighth toninetieth embodiments above, on the rear surface and other portionsaccounting for a large surface area of the outer surfaces of the mobiletelephone, the width of the cross-sections of the elastic bodies forcovering has been depicted as being approximately equivalent to thewidth of the cross-section of the chassis. However, as long as thestrength of the chassis is maintained, the thickness of thecross-section of the chassis can be reduced as much as possible, and thethickness of the cross-section of the elastic body for covering the samecan be increased as much as possible, so that the chassis theoreticallycomprises the elastic body, and the effect of preventing sound leakageis improved. At such a time, a configuration in which the barrier wallfor finely sub-dividing the surplus space is provided to the interior ofthe chassis is further advantageous in retaining strength, andcontributes to rendering the chassis thinner.

In the sixtieth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 90, the elastic bodyunits 5663 a and 5663 b having multiple purposes as protectors, as partsfor holding both ends of the cartilage conduction vibration source 2525,and as cartilage conduction units are contiguous with the elastic body5663, being of the same material, but there is no limitation to such aconfiguration. For example, the elastic body units 5663 a and 5663 b maybe components that are separated from the elastic body 5663, or maynecessarily not be in contact. The elastic body units 5663 a and 5663 bmay also be constituted of a different material from that of the elasticbody 5663.

Further, for the sake of simplicity, the fifty-eighth to sixtiethembodiments illustrated in FIGS. 88 to 90 depict configurations in whichthe vibration of the chassis of the mobile telephone is covered andsuppressed by an exterior elastic body, and the sixty-first embodimentof FIG. 91 depicts a configuration in which the vibration of the chassisof the mobile telephone is suppressed by the pressure fixation of theweight of the internal configuration of the mobile telephone. However,there is no limitation to the case where these elements are employedseparately, as in the embodiments, but rather the configuration may besuch that the two are used concurrently and the vibration of theinterior and exterior of the chassis of the mobile telephone issuppressed therefrom.

<Summary>

The following is a description summarizing the various technicalfeatures that have been disclosed in the present specification.

<First Technical Feature>

A first technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone in which the upper part of the mobiletelephone is provided with a cartilage conduction vibration unit thatmakes contact with ear cartilage. It is thereby possible to provide amobile telephone which makes use of the excellent performance exhibitedby ear cartilage in regard to transmitting audio information, and whichcan be used without a sense of discomfort from pressure or insertioninto the ear, the user experience being similar to that of the normalstate of a telephone call.

According to a specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unitis configured so as not to protrude from the outer wall of the mobiletelephone. It is thereby possible to achieve a shape whose absence ofawkward protruding parts caused by the arrangement of the cartilageconduction vibration unit compromises neither the function nor theaesthetics of the mobile telephone.

According to a more specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibrationunit is arranged at an upper part corner on the ear side of the mobiletelephone. It is thereby possible to achieve an arrangement where thecartilage conduction vibration unit does not protrude from the outerwall of the mobile telephone, by which natural contact with the earcartilage can be realized.

According to an even more specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration unit is arranged on one of the upper part corners on the earside of the mobile telephone that faces diagonally downward in the usageposture. It is thereby possible for the cartilage conduction vibrationunit to be brought into contact with the ear cartilage in a state thatis awkward neither to the person making the telephone call nor toonlookers, due to the posture approximating the normal state of atelephone call, in which the mobile telephone is held by hand andbrought up against the ear. Such a posture is doubly suitable, due tobeing suitable for making contact with the tragus and due to the tragusbeing particularly highly effective in terms of cartilage conduction.

According to another specific feature, there are two of the cartilageconduction vibration units provided to the upper part of the mobiletelephone. Such a configuration is suitable by virtue of there beingmore effective contact with the ear cartilage. The two cartilageconduction vibration units can, for example, be configured such that oneis made to vibrate in accordance with whether the right ear or the leftear is being used, thus providing support for switching between holdingwith the left and right hand.

According to a further specific feature, a sensor for detecting which ofthe two cartilage conduction vibration units is in contact with the earis provided to the upper part of the mobile telephone, and one of thetwo cartilage conduction vibration units is made to vibrate inaccordance with the output of the sensor. Alternatively, a gravitationalacceleration detection unit is instead provided, one of the twocartilage conduction vibration units being made to vibrate in accordancewith the direction of gravitational acceleration detected by thegravitational acceleration detection unit. The elements described abovemay also be used concurrently to detect when the hand holding the mobiletelephone is switched.

According to another feature, in a mobile telephone having avideoconferencing function, the functions of the cartilage conductionvibration unit are prohibited whenever the videoconferencing function isin operation. The cartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby beprevented from functioning without purpose in the state where the mobiletelephone is not to be brought up against the ear.

According to yet another feature, a folding structure is included, thefunctions of the cartilage conduction vibration unit being prohibited ina folded state in a case where the cartilage conduction vibration unitis arranged at a position at which contact with the ear cartilagebecomes impossible in the folded state. The cartilage conductionvibration unit can thereby be prevented from functioning without purposein the state where the mobile telephone cannot be held up against theear.

According to another feature, there is provided an audio output device,comprising: an audio output unit; a controller for simultaneouslyoutputting audio information to the audio output unit and the cartilageconduction vibration unit; and a phase adjustment unit forphase-adjusting the phase of an audio signal being outputted to theaudio output unit and the cartilage conduction vibration unit. It isthereby possible to prevent the adverse event caused when the same audioinformation is transmitted by two systems, i.e., bone conduction and airvibration from the external auditory meatus.

According to another feature, there is provided an audio output device,comprising: a bone conduction vibration unit; an environment noisemicrophone; and a phase adjustment unit for inverting the phase of, andthen outputting to the cartilage conduction vibration unit, audioinformation that has been picked up by the environment noise microphone.It thereby becomes possible to cancel out the environment noise from theenvironment noise and useful audio information conducted by airvibration from the external auditory meatus.

<Second Technical Feature>

A second technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone having cartilage conduction vibration unit,which includes a cartilage conduction vibration source, as well as acartilage conductor for guiding the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration source to the upper part of the mobile telephone incontact with the ear cartilage. It is thereby possible to provide amobile telephone that makes use of the excellent performance exhibitedby ear cartilage in regard to transmitting audio information, and whichcan be used without a sense of discomfort from pressure or insertioninto the ear, the user experience approximating that of the normal stateof a telephone call. Furthermore, according to the configuration of thecartilage conduction vibration unit described above, the vibration ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source is guided by the cartilageconductor to a desired position, which is advantageous in that a greateramount of freedom is provided for the layout of the cartilage conductionvibration source itself and in that the cartilage conduction vibrationunit can be installed on a mobile telephone lacking any available extraspace.

According to a specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibrationsource and the cartilage conductor are configured so as not to protrudefrom an outer wall of the mobile telephone. It is thereby possible toachieve a shape whose absence of awkward protruding parts caused by thearrangement of the cartilage conduction vibration unit compromisesneither the function nor the aesthetics of the mobile telephone.According to an even more specific feature, the end part of thecartilage conductor is arranged at an upper part corner of the ear sideof the mobile telephone. It is thereby possible to achieve anarrangement where the cartilage conduction vibration units do notprotrude from the outer wall of the mobile telephone, by which a naturalcontact with the ear cartilage can be realized. According to a furtherspecific feature, the end part of the cartilage conductor is arranged onone of the upper part corners on the ear side of the mobile telephonethat faces diagonally downward during the usage posture. It is therebypossible for the cartilage conduction vibration unit to be brought intocontact with the ear cartilage in a state that is awkward neither to theperson making the telephone call nor to onlookers, due to the postureapproximating the normal state of a telephone call, in which the mobiletelephone is held by hand and brought up against the ear. Such a postureis doubly suitable, because it is suitable for contact with the tragusand also because the tragus is particularly highly effective in terms ofcartilage conduction.

According to another specific feature, the two ends of the end parts ofthe cartilage conductor are arranged at both corners of the upper parton the ear side of the mobile telephone. Such a configuration issuitable by virtue of there being more effective contact with the earcartilage. One of the two ends of the end parts of the cartilageconductor can, for example, be brought into contact with the earcartilage as appropriate, in accordance with whether the right ear orthe left ear is being used, thus providing support for readily switchingbetween holding the mobile telephone with the left and right hand.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration unit brought into contactwith ear cartilage; a gravitational acceleration detection unit; and acontroller for prohibiting the cartilage conduction vibration unit fromvibrating whenever the gravitational acceleration detection unit detectsthat the mobile telephone is in a stationary state. It is therebypossible to prevent the cartilage conduction vibration unit fromuselessly vibrating and generating a distracting sound when, forexample, the mobile telephone is placed on a desk or the like with thecartilage conduction vibration unit facing down.

According to a specific feature, the mobile telephone includes a sensorfor detecting the presence or absence of an object in proximity with thecartilage conduction vibration unit, where the controller causes thecartilage conduction vibration unit to vibrate in accordance withwhether the sensor detects an object in proximity, and prohibits thecartilage conduction vibration unit from vibration, irrespective ofwhether the sensor detects an object in proximity, whenever thegravitational acceleration detection unit detects that the mobiletelephone is in a stationary state. The sensor for detecting thepresence or absence of an object in proximity is a useful configurationfor detecting when the mobile telephone has been brought up against theear and causing the cartilage conduction vibration unit to vibrate, butwhen, for example, the mobile telephone has been placed on a desk or thelike, there is the potential for this [state] to be falsely confirmed ascontact to the ear and for the cartilage conduction vibration unit to bemade to vibrate. Herein, the aforesaid specific feature can prevent thegeneration of uncomfortable sound due to the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration unit based on such false confirmation.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration unit to be brought intocontact with ear cartilage; an audio input unit; a phase inverter forphase-inverting audio information inputted from the audio input unit;and a controller for outputting, from the cartilage conduction vibrationunit, the audio information having been phase-inverted by the phaseinverter. It is thereby possible to appropriately minimize anydiscomfort based on one's own voice during a conversation by mobiletelephone in the state where the cartilage conduction vibration unit hasbeen brought into contact with the ear cartilage.

According to a specific feature, the mobile telephone includes anacoustics adjustment unit, where the controller outputs, from thecartilage conduction vibration unit, audio information that has beenacoustically adjusted by the acoustics adjustment unit and alsophase-inverted by the phase inverter. It is thereby possible to moreappropriately minimize any discomfort that is based on one's own voiceduring a conversation by mobile telephone.

According to another specific feature, the mobile telephone includes acontact state detection unit for detecting the state where the cartilageconduction vibration unit is in contact with the ear cartilage, wherethe controller determines whether or not to output, from the cartilageconduction vibration unit, audio information that has beenphase-inverted by the phase inverter in accordance with the statedetected by the contact state detection unit. It is thereby possible tomore appropriately control the discomfort that is based on one's ownvoice in accordance with the state where the mobile telephone is incontact with the ear cartilage.

According to a more specific feature, the contact state detection unitdetects when the cartilage conduction vibration unit is in contact withthe ear cartilage in the state where the ear hole is blocked by themobile telephone being in contact with the ear cartilage, the earplugbone conduction effect thus occurring, where the controller outputs,from the cartilage conduction vibration unit, audio information that hasbeen phase-inverted by the phase inverter in accordance with a detectionthat the cartilage conduction vibration unit is in contact with the earcartilage in the state where the earplug bone conduction effect occurs.The earplug bone conduction effect, which occurs due to the ear holebeing blocked, achieves a listening status with dual effects, in whichaudio information from the cartilage conduction vibration unit isconducted by even louder sound and in which environmental noise isobstructed. However, the earplug bone conduction effect is meanwhileaccompanied by the discomfort of one's own voice through bone conductionfrom the vocal cords. The aforesaid feature is advantageous inattenuating such discomfort of one's own voice.

According to another feature, there is provided a piezoelectric elementcontrol device comprising: a conduction vibration unit that includes apiezoelectric element and transmits vibration of the piezoelectricelement by being brought into contact with a body to which conduction isdirected; a signal output unit for outputting conduction vibrationinformation to the piezoelectric element; and a pressure detection unitfor detecting, through the piezoelectric element, changes in the contactpressure between the conduction vibration unit and the body to whichconduction is directed. By such a configuration, the piezoelectricelement can serve a dual purpose as an output element for contactvibration and also as a contact pressure sensor, and conductionvibration can be outputted in accordance with a variety ofcircumstances. Such a piezoelectric element control device is configuredas a mobile telephone, the body to which conduction is directed beingthe ear cartilage, and is suitable for detecting the state where thecartilage conduction vibration unit is in contact with the ear cartilagedepending on the pressure changes sensed by the piezoelectric element.

<Third Technical Feature>

A third technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising a cartilage conduction vibrationsource and a conductor for guiding the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration source to the ear cartilage, wherein the conductoris an elastic body. It is thereby possible to effectively listen to theaudio information from the cartilage conduction vibration source, andpossible to achieve softer contact with the ear.

According to a specific feature, the conductor is sized so as to contactthe ear cartilage at a plurality of points. Effective cartilageconduction can thereby be obtained.

According to another specific feature, the conductor is sized so as tocontact the ear cartilage and block the external auditory meatus. It isthereby possible to effectively listen to audio information from thecartilage conduction vibration source, and effectively reduce exteriornoise.

According to another specific feature, the conductor has at least asurface area approximating that of the ear lobe. It is thereby possibleto effectively listen to audio information from the cartilage conductionvibration source, and block the external auditory meatus in a naturalmanner according to need.

According to another specific feature, the conductor has an acousticimpedance approximating the acoustic impedance of ear cartilage. Audioinformation from the cartilage conduction vibration source canaccordingly be effectively guided to the ear cartilage.

According to another specific feature, the conductor is configured as acover for the mobile telephone. According to such a configuration,housing the mobile telephone in the cover makes it possible toeffectively listen to audio information from the cartilage conductionvibration source in a natural manner.

According to a more specific feature, the mobile telephone includes anoutgoing-talk unit (microphone), and the cover of the mobile telephoneincludes Larsen effect prevention means between the conduction vibrationsource and the outgoing-talk unit. It is thereby possible to prevent theLarsen effect while also possible to effectively listen to the audioinformation from the cartilage conduction vibration source. According toanother more specific feature, the mobile telephone includes anoutgoing-talk unit, and the cover of the mobile telephone includes anair conduction unit in the vicinity of the outgoing-talk unit. It isthereby possible to listen to the voice of the other party, which isgenerated by the bone conduction vibration source, while also sendingone's own voice from the outgoing-talk unit, and also thereby possibleto have a two-way conversation in a natural manner, even while themobile telephone remains housed in the cover.

According to another specific feature, the conductor is configured as agrip unit of the mobile telephone. It is thereby possible to introduce,to the mobile telephone, an elastic body for effectively guiding theaudio information of the conductor, in a manner that is in harmony withthe other functions of the mobile telephone.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source serving as anincoming-talk unit; a conduction vibration source serving as anincoming-talk unit; and a shared outgoing-talk unit. It is therebypossible to provide a mobile telephone permitting a two-way conversationin accordance with the environment of the telephone call. Specifically,providing the shared outgoing-talk unit to an end part of the mobiletelephone is useful for the aforesaid [configuration].

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source; and a conductor forguiding vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source to theear cartilage; wherein the conductor is sized so as to contact the earcartilage at a plurality of points; is sized so as to contact the earcartilage and block the external auditory meatus; has at least a surfacearea approximating that of an ear lobe; or has an acoustic impedanceapproximating the acoustic impedance of the ear cartilage. Any of thesefeatures or a combination thereof makes it possible to listeneffectively to sound information using the cartilage conductionvibration source.

<Fourth Technical Feature>

A fourth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a cartilage conduction vibrationsource; a mobile telephone body; an anti-impact cushioning part providedbetween the mobile telephone body and the cartilage conduction vibrationsource; and a conductor for guiding the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration source to the ear cartilage. A vibration sourceresistant to impact can thereby be employed in a mobile telephone as thecartilage conduction vibration source. According to a specific feature,the conductor is an elastic body. It is thereby possible to cushionimpact on the mobile telephone body and additionally impact from outsidethe conductor, and also thereby possible to obtain effective cartilageconduction. According to another specific feature, a vibration sourceresistant to impact and suitable as a cartilage conduction vibrationsource includes a piezoelectric bimorph element.

According to another specific feature, the anti-impact cushioning partand the conductor are configured so as to enclose the cartilageconduction vibration source. It is thereby possible to effectivelycushion the cartilage conduction vibration source while also renderingthe cartilage conduction more effective, rather than compromising theefficacy of cartilage conduction. According to yet another specificfeature, the conductor and the anti-impact cushioning part are composedof the same material. According to a further specific feature, thecartilage conduction vibration source is inserted into and integrallymolded with the conductor and anti-impact cushioning part. It is therebymade possible to provide a practical configuration by which cushioningefficacy and favorable cartilage conduction efficacy can besimultaneously achieved. According to another specific feature, theconductor and anti-impact cushioning part are joined sandwiching thecartilage conduction vibration source. It is thereby made possible toprovide another practical configuration by which cushioning efficacy andfavorable cartilage conduction efficacy can be simultaneously achieved.

According to yet another feature, the conductor is sized so as tocontact the ear cartilage at a plurality of points. According to anotherspecific feature, the conductor is sized so as to contact the earcartilage and block the external auditory meatus. According to yetanother specific feature, the conductor has at least a surface areaapproximating that of the ear lobe. According to another specificfeature, the conductor has an acoustic impedance approximating theacoustic impedance of the ear cartilage. These features make it possibleto render cartilage conduction more effective and to reduce exteriornoise in accordance with need, while simultaneously cushioning thecartilage conduction vibration source.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source; a conductor forguiding the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source tothe ear cartilage; and a resonator for converting the vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source to air conduction. It is therebymade possible to create a dual use for the cartilage conductionvibration source and to simultaneously obtain both favorable cartilageconduction from the conductor and air conduction from the resonator; itis also thereby possible to effectively listen to sound information.

According to a specific feature, the conductor is a rigid body.Cartilage conduction conducts differently depending on the amount offorce pushing on the cartilage, and a state of effective conduction canbe obtained by increasing the amount of force that is pushing, but thismeans that when it is difficult to hear the incoming sound, a naturalbehavior such as increasing the force pushing the mobile telephoneagainst the ear can be utilized to adjust the volume. Such a functionalso makes it possible to more effectively adjust the volume throughadjusting the force that is pushing, due to the conductor beingconstituted of a rigid body.

According to another specific feature, the resonator is an elastic body.The resonator thereby creates cartilage conduction through contact withthe tragus or other part of the ear cartilage, and sound from the outersurface of the resonator, which resonates according to the vibration ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source, is conducted to the tympanicmembrane from the external auditory meatus as sound waves. It is therebypossible to effectively listen to sound.

According to another specific feature, the resonator is sized so as tocontact the ear cartilage at a plurality of points. According to anotherspecific feature, the resonator is sized so as to contact the earcartilage and block the external auditory meatus. According to yetanother specific feature, the resonator has an acoustic impedanceapproximating the acoustic impedance of the ear cartilage. Thesefeatures make it possible to render cartilage conduction more effectiveand to reduce exterior noise in accordance with need.

According to another specific feature, the resonator constitutes theincoming-talk unit of the mobile telephone by air conduction. It isthereby made possible to create a dual use for the cartilage conductionvibration source and constitute a typical incoming-talk unit, and alsopossible to listen to sound in a natural posture, on the basis of thevibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source, without theincoming-talk unit being provided separately.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conductor for conducting vibration for cartilageconduction to ear cartilage; a resonator for generating sound waves tobe conducted to the tympanic membrane through the external auditorymeatus by air conduction; and a shared vibration source having a dualpurpose as a vibration source for the cartilage conductor and theresonator. It is thereby made possible to create a dual use for theshared vibration source and constitute a cartilage conduction outputunit and a typical incoming-talk unit, and also possible to listen tosound in a natural posture, on the basis of the vibration of the sharedvibration source, without the incoming-talk unit being providedseparately.

According to a specific feature, a suitable example of the vibrationsource includes a piezoelectric bimorph element. It is thereby possibleto provide a vibration source suitable for generating favorablecartilage conduction and suitable for a typical incoming-talk unit forgenerating sound to be conducted to the tympanic membrane from theexternal auditory meatus.

<Fifth Technical Feature>

A fifth technical feature disclosed in the present invention provides amobile telephone comprising: a display surface; a side surface relativeto the display surface; and a cartilage conduction vibration unitprovided to the side surface and capable of coming into contact of theear cartilage. The display surface can thereby be prevented from makingcontact with the ear, cheek, or other body part and from becoming fouledwhen the cartilage conduction vibration unit is brought into contactwith the ear cartilage.

According to a specific feature, cartilage conduction vibration unitsare provided to each of both side surfaces of the display surface. Thecartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby be brought into contactwith the right ear or the left ear from the state where the displayscreen is being viewed, without the need to switch the hand holding themobile telephone. According to a further specific feature, there isprovided an incoming-talk unit which is used consistently in any casewhere either of the cartilage conduction vibration units is being used.

According to another specific feature, the incoming-talk unit isprovided nearer to the side surface to which the cartilage conductionvibration unit is provided. In such a case, merely providing thecartilage conduction vibration unit to the side surface on a single sideallows for the cartilage conduction vibration unit to be brought intocontact with the right ear or the left ear by the mobile telephone beingturned over. According to a further specific feature, the cartilageconduction vibration unit and the incoming-talk unit form anincoming/outgoing talk unit, which can be inserted into and removed fromthe mobile telephone. The ability to insert or remove such anincoming/outgoing talk unit allows for flexible usage. According to afurther specific feature, the incoming/outgoing-talk unit is configuredso as to be capable of short-range wireless communication or so as to becapable of wired communication with the mobile telephone.

According to another specific feature, an auxiliary holding unit isprovided to the side surface of the side opposite the side surface towhich the cartilage conduction vibration unit is provided. The mobiletelephone can thereby be more readily held when the cartilage conductionvibration unit is brought into contact with the ear cartilage, and thedisplay surface can thereby be prevented from becoming fouled byfingerprints or the like due to being held during a telephone call.According to a more specific feature, the auxiliary holding unit isconfigured so as to be extensible from the side surface, in order toprevent the compactness of the mobile telephone from being compromisedwhen the auxiliary holding unit is not needed.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a display surface; a cartilage conduction vibration unitwhich can be brought into contact with the ear cartilage; a detectionunit for detecting when the cartilage conduction vibration unit has beencontacted with the ear cartilage; and a display controller for changingthe display of the display unit to a privacy protection display on thebasis of the detection by the detection unit.

The feature above makes it possible to prevent another person fromcatching a glance of a display relating to the call destination or otherform of private information during a telephone call. Such aconfiguration is suitable for when the state becomes such that thedisplay surface is no longer hidden by the posture of the mobiletelephone when the cartilage conduction vibration unit is brought intocontact with the ear cartilage. An example of a privacy protectiondisplay is a predetermined display not containing any privateinformation or a state where nothing is displayed. According to a morespecific feature, the display unit is turned on during the privacyprotection display, and the display unit is turned off in order toconserve power whenever the detection by the detection unit continuesfor a predetermined period of time or longer.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonesystem which includes: a mobile telephone body; and anincoming/outgoing-talk unit, which can be inserted into or removed fromthe mobile telephone body, and which includes an incoming-talk unit anda cartilage conduction vibration unit that can be brought into contactwith the ear cartilage.

The feature above makes it possible to enable cartilage conduction inthe state where the incoming/outgoing-talk unit is incorporated into themobile telephone body as well as cartilage conduction in the state wherethe incoming/outing-talk unit is separated therefrom, and also makes itpossible to provide a system permitting flexible usage in accordancewith the circumstances. According to a specific feature, theincoming/outgoing-talking unit is configured so as to be capable ofshort-range wireless communication or so as to be capable of wiredcommunication with the mobile telephone body.

According to another feature, there is provided anincoming/outgoing-talk unit for a mobile telephone including a cartilageconduction vibration unit which can be brought into contact with the earcartilage, an incoming-talk unit, and a unit for communicating with themobile telephone. Such an incoming/outgoing-talk unit is not onlysuitable for constituting a mobile telephone system by being combinedwith a specific mobile telephone, but also assumes a configurationsuitable for serving as an incoming/outgoing-talk accessory for ageneral mobile telephone having a communication unit. According to aspecific feature, the incoming/outgoing-talk unit is configured in apencil shape in which the cartilage conduction vibration unit and theincoming-talking unit are arranged in the vicinity of both ends.According to another specific feature, the communication unit isconfigured as a short-range wireless communication unit. According toyet another feature, the communication unit is configured so as toinclude a cable for wired communication with the mobile telephone.

According to another specific feature, the communication unit transmits,to the mobile telephone, information relating to the state of contactbetween the cartilage conduction vibration unit and the ear cartilage.It is thereby made possible for information specific to the usage of thecartilage conduction vibration unit to be transmitted to the mobiletelephone, and it is also thereby possible for there to be a favorablelink with the mobile telephone.

<Sixth Technical Feature>

A sixth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides an incoming/outgoing talk unit for a mobile telephonecomprising: an ear-attachment unit; a cartilage conduction vibrationunit for making contact with the ear cartilage in the state ofattachment by the attachment unit; an outgoing-talk unit; and ashort-range wireless communication unit for use with the mobiletelephone. This makes it possible to achieve an incoming/outgoing-talkunit suitable for a mobile telephone. An example of suitable earcartilage in the above is the tragus, by which typically audioinformation can be transmitted without the ear hole being blocked.

According to a specific feature, the incoming/outgoing-talk unitincludes a movable unit that is movable relative to the attachment unit,and the cartilage conduction vibration unit is held to the movable unit.According to a further specific feature, the movable unit can be movedin order to alter the state where the cartilage conduction vibrationunit is in contact with the cartilage.

According to another specific feature, the short-range wirelesscommunication unit transmits, to the mobile telephone, informationrelating to the position of the movable unit. The mobile telephone isthereby able to transmit appropriate audio information to theincoming/outgoing-talk unit. According to a more specific feature, theshort-range wireless communication unit transmits, to the mobiletelephone, information relating to the position of the movable unitrelative to the attachment unit.

According to another feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit isheld via an elastic body. It is thereby possible to cushion an impactagainst the cartilage conduction vibration unit and also to allow thecartilage conduction vibration unit to move. According to a furtherspecific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit is containedand held in the elastic body. This makes it possible to achieve greatercushioning for the cartilage conduction vibration unit.

According to a more specific feature, the aforesaid elastic bodycontaining the cartilage conduction vibration unit has an acousticimpedance approximating the acoustic impedance of the ear cartilage.Cushioning for the cartilage conduction vibration unit and suitablecartilage conduction via the elastic body are thereby rendered possible.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration source includes a piezoelectric bimorph element. Suitablecartilage conduction vibration is thereby provided. Being held by theaforesaid elastic body is beneficial for the cushioning of such apiezoelectric bimorph element.

According to another specific feature, a phase inverter forphase-inverting audio information inputted from the outgoing-talk unitand a controller for outputting, from the cartilage conduction vibrationunit, audio information that has been phase-inverted by the phaseinverter are positioned in the incoming/outgoing-talk unit. It isthereby possible to provide a highly versatile incoming/outgoing-talkunit making use of the advantages specific to cartilage conduction.According to a further specific feature, an acoustics adjustment unit isprovided to the incoming/outgoing-talk unit, and the aforesaidcontroller outputs, from the cartilage conduction vibration unit, audioinformation that has been acoustically adjusted by the acousticsadjustment unit and phase-inverted by the phase inverter. Moreappropriate control is thereby made possible.

According to a more specific feature, a contact state detection unit fordetecting the state where the cartilage conduction vibration unit is incontact with the ear cartilage is provided to the incoming/outgoing-talkunit, and the controller determines whether or not to output, from thecartilage conduction unit, audio information that has beenphase-inverted by the phase inverter, in accordance with the statedetected by the contact state detection unit. Appropriate control isthereby made possible.

According to another specific feature, the attachment unit is anear-hooking unit, and the incoming/outgoing-talk unit is configured as aheadset. The various features described above are suitable forconstituting such a headset.

According to another specific feature, the attachment unit is the templeof a pair of eyeglasses, and the incoming/outgoing-talk unit isconfigured as a pair of eyeglasses. The various features described aboveare suitable for constituting such a pair of eyeglasses. According to amore specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit can bemoved relative to the temple of the eyeglasses. It is thereby possibleto withdraw the incoming/outgoing-talk unit whenever a two-wayconversation is not being held.

<Seventh Technical Feature>

A seventh technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides an incoming-talk unit which includes: an ear-attachment unit;and a cartilage conduction vibration unit for conduction cartilageconduction from the outer side of the ear cartilage in the state ofattachment by the attachment unit. It is thereby possible to listen toaudio information without the external auditory meatus being blocked inboth a natural state and a normal state. There are conventionally knowneyeglasses-type and other types of bone conduction incoming-talk devicesfor listening to audio information without the external auditory meatusbeing blocked, but in the case of using bone conduction, the bone at thefront or the rear of the ear must be tightly tucked in by the portion ofthe inner side or other part of the temple of the eyeglasses, whichresults in pain and renders long-term usage unbearable. An incoming-talkunit provided with the feature above will not have such a problem, itbeing possible to listen comfortably to audio information whileexperiencing a sensation similar to that of ordinary eyeglasses.According to a specific feature, the ear cartilage to which thecartilage conduction is to be conducted is the base of the ear. Theouter side of the cartilage of the base of the ear, being close to theinner entrance of the external auditory meatus, is suitable fortransmitting sound to the tympanic membrane by generating air conductionto the interior of the external auditory meatus from the cartilagearound the entrance to the external auditory meatus, and for directconduction to the inner ear through the cartilage

According to another specific feature, the attachment unit is the templeof eyeglasses. In such a case, the vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration unit can be conducted from the outer side of the ear cartilagethrough the natural operation of hooking on the eyeglasses. Accordingly,there is no need to clamp down on the bones of the face with the templesof the eyeglasses, as is done in the case of bone conduction. Accordingto a more specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit canbe inserted into or removed from the temple of the eyeglasses. It isthereby made possible to conduct cartilage conduction from the outerside of the ear cartilage merely by having the cartilage conductionvibration unit worn on the temple of ordinary eyeglasses, even thoughthe eyeglasses may not be specially designed so as to be provided withthe cartilage conduction vibration unit.

According to a further specific feature, the incoming-talk unit includesa pair of fitting parts which can each be fitted to the pair of templesof the eyeglasses, and cartilage conduction vibration units are fittedto the temples of the eyeglasses by the fitting parts being fitted.According to a more specific feature, the pair of fitting parts areconnected by a glass cord, thus obtaining the practical advantages of aharmonious design and loss prevention. According to a more specificfeature, the fitting parts are elastic bodies, thus achieving a degreeof freedom in the fitting.

According to a further specific feature, one of the aforesaid pair offitting parts is a dummy. Given that the cartilage conduction vibrationunit is fitted only to one ear, a fitting part need only be fitted toone temple, but that alone will be enough to change the thickness of thetemple, giving rise to the concern that the eyeglasses will tilt.Therefore, the dummy fitting part is fitted to the other temple, wherebyit is possible to maintain the balance of the eyeglasses when thecartilage conduction vibration units are fitted.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration unit is arranged on one of the pair of fitting parts, and apower source is arranged at the other. It is thereby possible to arrangethe cartilage conduction vibration unit and the related constituentelements in a limited space while the left and right temples are alsobalanced. It is further possible to connect the pair of fitting partswith a glass cord having a dual purpose for creating an electricconnection between the two, whereby a plurality of constituent elementscan be divided to the left and right temples while a harmonious designand also a mutual electric connection can be maintained.

According to another further specific feature, cartilage conductionvibration units are arranged at both of the pair of fitting parts. It isthereby possible to listen to audio information stereophonically whileachieving a balance between the left and right temples. According toanother feature, the cartilage conduction vibration units can also bearranged directly on both of the pair of temples of the eyeglasses.

According to another specific feature, the incoming-talk unit isprovided with: a detection unit for detecting when the ear cartilage aredeformed due to the ear being covered; an outgoing-talk unit; a phaseinverter for phase-inverting audio information inputted from theoutgoing-talk unit; and a controller for outputting, from the cartilageconduction vibration unit, the audio information that has beenphase-inverted by the phase inverter in accordance with the detection bythe detection unit. It is thereby possible to attenuate the discomfortof one's own voice when the ear is covered in order to listen to louderaudio information and the earplug bone conduction effect is produced,while also obstructing exterior noise.

According to another specific feature, the attachment unit is anear-hooking unit. In such a case, even a person who does not requireeyeglasses can listen to audio information in a natural state and anormal state without the external auditory meatus being blocked.

According to another feature, there is provided an incoming-talk unitfor 3D viewing, comprising: a 3D viewing adjustment unit; a templeincluding a unit for adjusting contact with the temple of eyeglasses foradjusting vision when fitted over eyeglasses for adjusting vision; andan audio information output unit provided to the temple. It is therebypossible to appropriately listen to audio information both in a casewhere the incoming-talk unit for 3D viewing is fitted directly withouteyeglasses, and also in a case where the same is fitted over eyeglassesfor adjusting vision.

According to a specific feature, the audio information output unit is acartilage conduction vibration unit. According to a further specificfeature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit conducts cartilageconduction from the outer side of the ear cartilage. The aforesaidcontact adjustment unit allows for the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration unit to be effectively transmitted from the outerside of the ear cartilage in particular when the incoming-talk unit for3D viewing is fitted over the eyeglasses for adjusting vision.

<Eighth Technical Feature>

An eighth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a cartilage conduction vibrationsource for guiding an audio signal to the ear cartilage; and alow-frequency source for guiding, to the cartilage conduction vibrationsource, a low-frequency vibration signal of a lower signal than theaudio signal. The vibration source can thereby be given a dual purposefor cartilage conduction and low-frequency vibration, and the cost ofthe vibration source and thereby be reduced.

According to a specific feature, a mobile telephone is provided with atouch detection unit for detecting touch by a finger, wherein thelow-frequency source introduces, to the cartilage conduction vibrationsource, the low-frequency vibration signal in response to a detection oftouch by the touch detection unit, and transmits the low-frequencyvibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source to the fingertouching. A suitable example of such a touch detection unit is a touchpanel provided to a display screen.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration source serves a dual purpose as the touch detection unit. Thecartilage conduction vibration source can thereby serve to guide audiosignals to the ear cartilage, to output low frequencies, and to detecttouch, and the cost of the vibration source can also thereby be reduced.This feature is suitable for a case where a contact-free motion sensorfor detecting movement in the vicinity of the display screen isprovided.

According to another specific feature, a delay lasting a predeterminedperiod of time after the detection by the touch detection unit isallowed to pass, and the low-frequency vibration signal is introduced tothe cartilage conduction vibration source. Feedback for a touch resultcan thereby be provided to the finger touching, without confusion.

According to another specific feature, a vibration insulation materialfor preventing the transmission of audio signals is interposed betweenthe cartilage conduction vibration source and an outer wall part foroutwardly conduction the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibrationsource, which is made to vibrate by the introduction of a low-frequencyvibration signal having a low frequency. The leakage of audio signals tothe outer wall part and elsewhere, the generation of unneeded airconduction, and other defects can thereby be prevented.

According to a further specific feature, the vibration insulationmaterial prevents the transmission of vibration having a frequency at orabove a predetermined frequency, and permits the transmission ofvibration at or below the predetermined frequency. An audio signalthereby enables a low-frequency vibration to be relayed to the outerwall part from the cartilage conduction vibration source even whilethere is obstruction. According to another further specific feature, alow-frequency signal of the low-frequency source is configured so as toinclude the resonance frequency of the vibration insulation material. Anaudio signal can thereby cause the vibration insulation material toresonate for a low-frequency vibration even while there is obstruction,whereby the low-frequency vibration can be transmitted to the outer wallpart from the cartilage conduction vibration source.

According to another specific feature, a switching unit for switchingbetween introducing an audio signal and introducing a low-frequencysignal of a low frequency is provided to the cartilage conductionvibration source. The cartilage conduction vibration source can therebybe appropriately applied to a plurality of objectives.

According to another specific feature, there is provided an audio signaloutput device for a mobile telephone characterized by comprising:eyeglass lenses; eyeglass temples; cartilage conduction vibration unitsfor conducting cartilage conduction from the outer side of the earcartilage, which are arranged at the eyeglass temples; a sound sourceunit for transmitting output to the cartilage conduction vibrationunits; and a unit for communicating with the mobile telephone. Diverselinks with the mobile telephone are thereby made possible. According toa further specific feature, incoming-talk units are provided to theeyeglass temples; as an example of a more specific feature, theincoming-talk units are configured as bone conduction microphones. Suchconfigurations are appropriately used for eyeglass temples naturallybrought up against the face when the eyeglasses are worn, and permittwo-way conversation.

According to another feature, there is provided a sound signal outputdevice which includes: eyeglass lenses; eyeglass temples; cartilageconduction vibration units for conducting cartilage conduction from theouter side of the ear cartilage, which are arranged at the eyeglasstemples; and a sound source unit for transmitting output to thecartilage conduction vibration units. A person wearing the eyeglassescan thereby enjoyably receive sound signals of the sound source unit ina natural state. According to a specific feature thereof, the eyeglasstemples are a pair, and the cartilage conduction vibration units arearranged at each of both of the pair of eyeglass temples, and the outputof the sound source unit is transmitted to each of the cartilageconduction vibration units. A pair of temples originally provided toeyeglasses can thereby be utilized and stereo sound signals can beenjoyably received without the ear being blocked.

According to another feature, there is provided a sound signal outputdevice for a mobile telephone characterized by comprising: eyeglasslenses; eyeglass temples; cartilage conduction vibration units forconducting cartilage conduction from the outer side of the earcartilage, which are arranged at the eyeglass temples; bone conductionmicrophones arranged at the eyeglass temples; and a unit forcommunicating with the mobile telephone. It is thereby possible toprovide an incoming/outgoing-talk unit suitable for a mobile telephonefor a person who wears eyeglasses.

<Ninth Technical Feature>

A ninth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone characterized by comprising: a cartilageconduction vibration source having a primary vibration direction, thecartilage conduction vibration source being adapted to guide an audiosignal to the ear cartilage; a holding structure for avoiding theprimary vibration direction and for holding the cartilage conductionvibration source; and an audio signal input unit for inputting an audiosignal to the cartilage conduction vibration source. An audio signal canthereby be effectively guided to the ear cartilage, and uselessvibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source can be preventedfrom being conducted to the mobile telephone. According to a specificfeature, the mobile telephone is provided with a vibration outputstructure for guiding, to the outer surface of the mobile telephone,vibration in the primary vibration direction of the cartilage conductionvibration source. An audio signal can thereby be effectively guided tothe ear cartilage from the cartilage conduction vibration. Morespecifically, the vibration output structure is an opening part providedto the mobile telephone.

According to a further specific feature, there is a vibration conductionunit connected to the surface of the primary conduction vibrationdirection of the cartilage conduction vibration source and exposed fromthe opening part. An audio signal can thereby be effectively guided tothe ear cartilage from the cartilage conduction vibration without thedesign of the outer surface of the mobile telephone being compromised.

According to another specific feature, an elastic body is providedbetween the vibration conduction unit and the opening part. Uselessvibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source can thereby beprevented from being conducted to the mobile telephone without thedesign of the outer surface of the mobile telephone being compromised.

According to another specific feature, an output structure is providedto the upper corner parts of the mobile telephone. An audio signal canthereby be effectively guided from the cartilage conduction vibration tothe tragus or other part of the ear cartilage due to the natural mannerin which the mobile telephone is held.

According to another specific feature, the output structure is providedto the side surface parts of the mobile telephone. An audio signal canthereby be effectively guided from the cartilage conduction vibration tothe tragus or other part of the ear cartilage even while contact withthe cheek or the like can be prevented from fouling the display surfaceor other element of the mobile telephone.

According to a specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibrationsource is a piezoelectric bimorph element, where a hold in accordancewith the structure and vibration properties of the piezoelectric bimorphelement makes it possible to effectively guide an audio signal to theear cartilage and to prevent useless vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration source from being conducted to the mobiletelephone.

According to a more specific feature, the primary vibration direction isavoided and the middle part of the cartilage conduction vibration sourceis held. It is thereby possible to effectively guide an audio signal tothe ear cartilage, and also to prevent useless vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source from being conducted to the mobiletelephone.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecharacterized by comprising: a cartilage conduction vibration sourcehaving a primary vibration surface and an outer surface substantiallyorthogonal thereto, the cartilage conduction vibration source beingadapted to guide an audio signal to the ear cartilage; a holdingstructure for holding the cartilage conduction vibration source at aridge between the primary vibration surface and the outer surface; andan audio signal input unit for inputting an audio signal to thecartilage conduction vibration source. An audio signal can thereby beeffectively guided to the ear cartilage, and also useless vibration ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source can be prevented from beingconducted to the mobile telephone.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecharacterized by comprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source forguiding an audio signal to the ear cartilage; a holding structure havinga concave and convex surface for holding the cartilage conductionvibration source; and an audio signal input unit for inputting an audiosignal to the cartilage conduction vibration source. An audio signal canthereby be effectively guided to the ear cartilage, and also uselessvibration of the cartilage conduction vibration source can be preventedfrom being conducted to the mobile telephone.

<Tenth Technical Feature>

A tenth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a vibration element characterized in that an electrode isprovided to the middle part of the longitudinal direction. The vibrationelement can thereby be electrically connected at the middle part of thelongitudinal direction, and both ends of the vibration element canthereby be released from the burden of an electrical connection.According to a specific feature, the vibration element includes: a metalsheet; piezoelectric ceramic sheets provided to both sides of the metalsheet; and a resin for covering the periphery thereof, wherein theelectrode includes a first electrode pulled out to the surface of theresin from the middle part of the longitudinal direction of the metalsheet, and a second electrode pulled out to the surface of the resin inthe vicinity of the first electrode from each of the piezoelectricceramic sheets.

According to another specific feature, the electrodes are pulled out onthe surface of the vibration direction of the vibration element.According to another specific feature, the electrodes are pulled fromthe surface of the resin in the direction substantially orthogonal tothe metal sheet and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets. According to yetanother specific feature, the resin of the vibration element includes aprimary vibration direction surface substantially parallel to the metalsheet and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets and also a non-vibrationdirection surface substantially orthogonal thereto, and the electrodesare pulled out from such a primarily vibration direction surface of theresin. According to another specific feature, the electrodes are pulledout to the surface of the resin upon being curved substantially 90°within the resin. These features are suitable for support the vibrationelement from the non-vibration direction.

According to another specific feature, there is provided a mobiletelephone in which the above-described vibration element is supported onthe middle part of the longitudinal direction. This makes it possible toachieve a mobile telephone capable of transmitting the vibration fromboth ends of the vibration element to the ear cartilage and the like by,for example, cartilage conduction. According to a more specific feature,the vibration element is sandwiched and supported at the middle part ofthe longitudinal direction from the direction substantially parallel tothe metal sheet and piezoelectric ceramic sheets of the piezoelectricbimorph elements. It is thereby made possible to hold the vibrationelement in the state where less vibration is conducted to the mobiletelephone.

According to a more specific feature of the mobile telephone describedabove, vibration conductors are provided to both ends of the vibrationelement. According to a further specific feature, the vibrationconductors are provided to the vicinity of the corners of the mobiletelephone. Vibration can thereby be readily conducted to the earcartilage.

According to another specific feature of the mobile telephone describedabove, the vibration conductors are provided to the side surfaces of themobile telephone. The front surface of the mobile telephone, to which adisplay surface or the like is provided, can thereby be prevented frombecoming fouled due to contact with the cheek. According to a morespecific feature, the vibration conductors assume a long shape along theside surfaces of the mobile telephone. It is thereby possible to obviatethe need to strictly select the position to be held against the ear andto permit contact at many points.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephone thatis guarded at the corners of the outer wall of the body, the mobiletelephone including vibration units provided in the vicinity of thecorners. The corners of the outer wall of the mobile telephone aresuitable for obtaining cartilage conduction by being held up against theear cartilage, but are conversely also always susceptible to collisionwith an external unit. According to the configuration described above,cartilage conduction to, for example, the tragus or other part of theear cartilage is made readily possible while there is also a guardagainst collision from an external unit.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephoneincluding a pair of vibration conductors having a long shape along theside surfaces of the mobile telephone, each of the vibration conductorsbeing provided so as to be substantially orthogonal to both ends of thelongitudinal direction of the vibration element. It is thereby possibleto make use of the vibration of both ends of the vibration element andto use the long regions of the two side surfaces of the mobile telephoneas vibration sources for cartilage conduction.

According to yet another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonehaving a pair of vibration elements having a long shape, each of whichelements provided along the two side surfaces of the mobile telephone.It is thereby possible to use the long regions of the two side surfacesof the mobile telephone as vibration sources for cartilage conductionwhile also independently controlling the respective vibrations of bothsides.

According to yet another feature, there is provided a mobile telephoneincluding: a vibration element having a long shape provided along oneside surface of the mobile telephone, and a holding unit provided to theside surface of the side opposite the side surface to which thevibration element is provided. It is thereby possible to clearlyunderstand which side is the cartilage conduction vibration source.

There is provided a mobile telephone including: a vibration elementprovided to the vicinity of a top side of the mobile telephone; and anelastic vibration conductor for covering the vibration element andforming the top side of the mobile telephone. Cartilage conduction canthereby be obtained from contact with the ear irrespective of being thefront surface, rear surface, or side surface in the vicinity of the topside of the mobile telephone.

<Eleventh Technical Feature>

An eleventh technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising a cartilage conduction vibrationunit supported inside a chassis structure and is adapted to conductcartilage conduction vibration to the surface of the chassis structure.It is thereby possible to hold up any place of the surface of the mobiletelephone against the ear cartilage and listen to sound by cartilageconduction. There is also greater freedom in the manner in which thecartilage conduction vibration unit is held, and the holding structureis also simplified.

According to a specific feature, the surface of the chassis structurehas a surface to made to vibrate, and the cartilage conduction vibrationunit is held within the chassis structure such that the primaryvibration direction thereof is in the direction substantially orthogonalto the surface made to vibrate. Vibration can thereby be effectivelyconducted to the surface made to vibrate intended for cartilageconduction. According to a more specific feature, the cartilageconduction vibration unit has a piezoelectric bimorph element includinga metal sheet, the metal sheet being held in the direction substantiallyparallel to the surface made to vibrate. The main vibration direction ofthe cartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby be made to be thedirection substantially orthogonal to the surface to be vibrated.

According to a further specific feature, the mobile telephone includes adisplay surface, and the cartilage conduction vibration unit is heldsuch that the primary vibration direction thereof is substantiallyorthogonal to the display surface. The display surface on the mobiletelephone or the rear surface thereof can thereby be made to vibrateeffectively, and it is thereby possible to bring the mobile telephone upagainst the ear cartilage over a broad range. According to a furtherspecific feature, the display surface has a touch panel operationsurface, and the cartilage conduction vibration unit has a dual purposeas a vibration source for feedback for the sensation of touch paneloperation.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration unit is held such that the primary vibration direction thereofis in the direction substantially orthogonal to a side surface of themobile telephone. The side surface of the mobile telephone can therebybe made to vibrate effectively, and effective cartilage conduction canthereby be obtained even while the display surface is prevented fromcoming into contact with the cheek and becoming fouled.

According to another feature, there is included an impact detectionsurface, wherein the cartilage conduction vibration unit is held withinthe chassis structure such that the primary vibration direction thereofis in the direction substantially orthogonal to the impact detectionsurface. The cartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby be giventhe dual purpose of effectively detecting impact.

According to another feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unithas a dual purpose as a vibration source for providing notification ofan incoming call. In such a case, because the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration unit is conducted to all locations on the surfaceof the mobile telephone, effective notification of an incoming call canbe provided.

According to another feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit isheld rigidly within the chassis structure. According to a furtherspecific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit is helddirectly to the chassis structure. These features simplify the holdingstructure of the cartilage conduction vibration unit and are suitablefor effectively transmitting vibration.

According to another feature, the mobile telephone includes a horizontalstationary state detection unit, the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration unit being stopped whenever a horizontal stationarystate has been detected. It is thereby possible to prevent theoccurrence of uncomfortable vibration noise at times such as when themobile telephone is placed on a desk during a telephone call.

According to further specific feature, the mobile telephone includes atouch panel operation surface, wherein the cartilage conductionvibration unit has a dual purpose as a vibration source for feedback forthe sensation of a touch panel operation, and the vibration for feedbackfor the sensation of a touch panel operation in the cartilage conductionvibration unit is not stopped even when the horizontal stationary stateis detected. According to another specific feature, the cartilageconduction vibration unit serves a dual purpose for an impact detectionfunction, and the impact detection function in the cartilage conductionvibration unit is not stopped even when the horizontal stationary stateis detected. These [features] are suitable for smooth GUI operation.

According to another further specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration unit serves a dual purpose as a vibration source for providingnotification of an incoming call, and the vibration for providingnotification of an incoming call in the cartilage conduction vibrationunit is not stopped even when the horizontal stationary state isdetected. This feature is suitable for accurately providing notificationof an incoming call.

<Twelfth Technical Feature>

A twelfth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a chassis structure having adisplay surface; and a cartilage conduction vibration unit supported inthe chassis structure so as to have a primary vibration surface inclinedrelative to the display surface. Vibration for cartilage conduction canthereby be conducted to the chassis structure from the direction ofincline relative to the display surface.

According to a specific feature, the chassis structure includes aninclined surface parallel to the primary vibration surface. The inclinedsurface can thereby be brought into contact with the ear cartilage toobtain effective cartilage conduction even while fouling due to thedisplay surface coming into contact with the cheek can be prevented, anda vibration component from the display surface or back surface of themobile telephone can thereby also be obtained. According to a morespecific feature, the chassis structure has a side surface orthogonal tothe display surface, wherein an inclined plane is provided between theside surface and the surface parallel to the display surface. Theinclined surface can thereby be provided with a design in which abox-type mobile telephone is beveled.

According to another specific feature, the chassis structure has acylindrical surface containing the cartilage conduction vibration unit.It is thereby possible to obtain cartilage conduction by bringing theear cartilage up against the cylindrical surface and a desired positionon the display surface or back surface, and also possible thereby tobring the cylindrical surface into contact with the ear cartilage toeffectively obtain cartilage conduction in the state where the displaysurface is not in contact with the face.

According to yet another specific feature, the chassis structureincludes a side surface orthogonal to the display surface, and thevibration of the primary vibration surface in the cartilage conductionvibration unit is transmitted to a side surface and to the surfaceparallel to the display surface. It is thereby possible to obtaincartilage conduction in any case where either the side surface or thesurface parallel to the display surface is brought into contact with theear cartilage.

According to another specific feature, the chassis structure has anupper surface orthogonal to the display surface, and the vibration ofthe primary vibration surface in the cartilage conduction vibration unitis transmitted to the surface parallel to the display surface and to theupper surface. It is thereby possible to obtain cartilage conduction inany case where either the upper surface or the surface parallel to thedisplay surface is brought into contact with the ear cartilage. In sucha case, the vibration of the upper surface is suitable for contact inthe state where the mobile telephone is pushed up against the earcartilage while bringing the display surface into contact with the faceis being avoided, and also for obtaining the earplug bone conductioneffect by pushing stronger to block the external auditory meatus withthe tragus. An example of the incline of the primary vibration surfacein the cartilage conduction vibration unit is the range of about 30° to60° relative to the display surface.

According to another specific feature, the vibration of both sides of apair of opposing primary vibration surfaces in the cartilage conductionvibration unit is transmitted to the chassis structure. The vibration ofthe pair of primary vibration surfaces of the cartilage conductionvibration unit is thereby effectively utilized. According to furtherspecific feature, the chassis structure has a side surface or uppersurface orthogonal to the display surface, and the vibration of bothsides of the primary vibration surfaces in the cartilage conductionvibration unit is respectively transmitted to the side surface or uppersurface and to the surface parallel to the display surface. Thevibration of the pair of primary vibration surfaces of the cartilageconduction vibration unit is thereby utilized as vibration sourceshaving opposite directions. The positions to which the vibration of thepair of primary vibration surfaces is transmitted may be mutuallyopposing portions of the primary vibration surfaces, but theconfiguration may also be such that the vibration is respectivelytransmitted to the side surface or upper surface and to the surfaceparallel to the display surface from mutually crossing positions.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a chassis structure, and a cartilage conduction vibrationunit in which vibration is unrestrictedly permitted in a part of theprimary vibration surface and in which another part of the primaryvibration surface is supported within the chassis structure. It isthereby possible for the vibration of the cartilage conduction vibrationunit to be effectively transmitted to the chassis structure while a lossin the freedom of vibration thereof is avoided.

According to a specific feature, the primary vibration surface at themiddle part of the cartilage conduction vibration unit is supported inthe chassis structure, and vibration is unrestrictedly permitted in theprimary vibration surface at both end parts of the cartilage conductionvibration unit. The middle part at which support occurs may be themiddle part of the cartilage conduction vibration unit, but when thebehavior during the implementation of the cartilage conduction vibrationunit lacks left-right symmetry, in order to compensate therefor, theconfiguration may also be such that the primary vibration surface issupported in the chassis structure at an off-center middle part.

According to another specific feature, a plurality of portions of theprimary vibration surface of the cartilage conduction vibration unit issupported in the chassis structure. According to a more specificfeature, the configuration is such that the primary vibration surfacesat both end parts of the cartilage conduction vibration unit are eachsupported in the chassis structure, and vibration is unrestrictedlypermitted at the primary vibration surface in the middle part of thecartilage conduction vibration unit.

According to yet another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a chassis structure; and a cartilage conduction vibrationunit supported within the chassis structure by the interposition of avibration conduction elastic body between the primary vibrationsurfaces. It is thereby possible for the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration unit to be effectively transmitted to the chassisstructure while a loss in the freedom of vibration thereof is avoided.

<Thirteenth Technical Feature>

A thirteenth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone configured such that a part of the cartilageconduction vibration unit is supported on the inside of the chassis inthe vicinity of a corner part of the chassis and another part vibratesunrestrictedly, whereby the vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration unit is transmitted to the corner part of the chassis. Thecorner part can thereby effectively be made to vibrate while a structurein which the corner part would be susceptible to collision is avoided.

According to a specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unitis supported on the inside of the upper surface of the chassis at thevicinity of the corner part of the chassis. According to anotherspecific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit is supportedon the inside of a side surface of the chassis in the vicinity of thecorner part of the chassis. According to yet another feature, thecartilage conduction vibration unit is supported on the inside of thefront surface of the chassis in the vicinity of the corner part of thechassis. The features above can also be combined as appropriate, interms of the manner in which the cartilage conduction vibration unit issupported.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration unit has an electrical terminal and is supported such that thevicinity of the electrical terminal vibrates unrestrictedly. Thecartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby be supported at aposition of the chassis closer to the inside of the corner part and thedisplay surface at the corner part can thereby effectively be made tovibrate, without there being any hindrance to the presence of theelectrical terminal.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration unit is supported such that the primary vibration directionthereof is perpendicular to the upper surface of the chassis. Accordingto yet another feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit issupported such that the primary vibration direction thereof isperpendicular to a side surface of the chassis. These features make itpossible to adopt a configuration such that the vibration is moreeffective closer to the upper surface or closer to the side surface ofthe corner part of the chassis. According to yet another specificfeature, the cartilage conduction vibration unit is supported such thatthe primary vibration thereof is perpendicular to the front surface ofthe chassis. It is thereby possible to adopt a configuration such thatthe vibration is more effective closer to the front surface of thecorner part of the chassis. According to yet another feature, thecartilage conduction vibration unit is supported such that the primaryvibration direction thereof is inclined relative to the front surface ofthe chassis. It is thereby possible allocate vibration components to thefront surface and to the surface orthogonal thereto.

According to another feature, a circuit for the cartilage conductionvibration unit is supported on the inside of the chassis as a vibrationunit integrated with the cartilage conduction vibration unit. It isthereby possible to configure the entirety of the cartilage conductionvibration unit and the circuit related thereto as a vibration unit.

According to a more specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibrationunit has an electrical terminal, and the circuit for the cartilageconduction vibration unit is arranged in the vicinity of the electricalterminal. It is thereby possible to make effective use of the space inthe vicinity of the electrical terminal to configure the vibration unit.According to a more specific feature, the portion of the vibration unitin the vicinity of the electrical terminal is supported. The portion towhich the electrical terminal is not provided can thereby be made tounrestrictedly vibrate.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephoneconfigured such that the part of the cartilage conduction vibration unitto which the electrical terminal is not provided is supported on theinside of the chassis, and the other part to which the electricalterminal is provided is made to unrestrictedly vibrate, whereby thevibration of the cartilage conduction vibration unit is transmitted tothe exterior of the chassis. The cartilage conduction vibration unit canthereby be supported at a position of the chassis closer to the insideof the corner part and the display surface at the corner part canthereby effectively be made to vibrate, without there being anyhindrance to the presence of the electrical terminal. According toanother feature, there is provided a vibration unit characterized by theintegration of a cartilage conduction vibration unit having anelectrical unit with a circuit for the cartilage conduction vibrationunit arranged in the vicinity of the electrical terminal. It is therebypossible to make effective use of the space in the vicinity of theelectrical terminal to configure the vibration unit.

According to a specific feature, the circuit has an amplifier for thecartilage conduction vibration unit. The cartilage conduction vibrationunit can thereby be effectively supported without the use of the spacearound the cartilage conduction vibration unit, and the cartilageconduction vibration unit can also thereby be made to vibrationefficiently

According to a specific feature, the circuit has an adjustment unit toelectrically compensate for the variances of the cartilage conductionvibration unit. The cartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby beeffectively supported without the use of the space around the cartilageconduction vibration unit, and performance can also thereby bemaintained relative to the variances in the cartilage conductionvibration unit.

<Fourteenth Technical Feature>

A fourteenth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone in which a part of the cartilage conductionvibration unit is supported by the inside of an elastic body, and theoutside of the elastic body is arranged at a corner part of the chassis.The freedom of the cartilage conduction vibration unit to vibrate canthereby be ensured, and the vibration thereof can thereby be efficientlyguided to the corner part of the chassis for cartilage conduction bycontact with the ear.

According to a specific feature, in the mobile telephone, the other partof the cartilage conduction vibration unit is supported by the inside ofa second elastic body, and the outside of the second elastic body isarranged at another corner part of the chassis. The cartilage conductionvibration unit can thereby be more reliably supported while the freedomof the cartilage conduction vibration unit to vibrate can be ensured,and also the respective vibrations from both of the support units canthereby be efficiently guided to the corner parts of the chassis forcartilage conduction by contact with the ear.

According to a further specific feature, in the mobile telephone, thecartilage conduction vibration unit is shaped to have two end parts, thetwo end parts of the cartilage conduction vibration unit each beingsupported on the insides of the elastic body and second elastic body,and the outsides of the elastic body and the second elastic body areeach arranged at opposite corner parts of the chassis. The two end partsof the cartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby be reliablysupported and the freedom of both end parts to vibrate can be ensured toa certain degree by the support of the elastic bodies, and also thevibration of both ends can thereby be transmitted for cartilageconduction from either of the opposite corner parts of the chassis.

According to another technical feature, the cartilage conductionvibration unit has an electrical terminal, and one of either of theelastic body or the second elastic body includes an electrical terminaland supports the cartilage conduction vibration unit. It is therebypossible to reliably support the electrical terminal, including theconnective wiring thereof, and the cartilage conduction vibration uniteven while the freedom thereof to vibrate is ensured to a certaindegree, and also thereby possible to also transmit vibration forcartilage conduction from the portion at which the electrical terminalis found.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration unit is eccentric between a corner part and another cornerpart. It is thereby possible to provide compensation for the imbalanceof the cartilage conduction vibration unit, and also the layout of thevarious parts inside the mobile telephone can be designed with a greaterdegree of freedom.

According to another specific feature, the elastic body is formed with amaterial having an acoustic impedance approximating that of the earcartilage. Effective cartilage conduction can thereby be obtained evenwhile the freedom to vibrate is ensured.

According to another specific feature, in the mobile telephone, elasticbodies are also arranged at two other corner parts of the chassis wherethe cartilage conduction vibration unit is not arranged and areconfigured together with the elastic body at the corner part of thechassis where the cartilage conduction vibration unit is arranged so asto attenuate collision from the exterior unit to the four corners of themobile telephone. The elastic bodies can thereby be given a dual purposealso as protectors for attenuating collision to the corner parts. Thisfeature makes use of the elastic bodies at the corner parts for the dualobjectives of appropriately making use of the corner parts of the mobiletelephone to make contact with the ear for cartilage conduction and alsoprotecting the corner parts of the mobile telephone, which aresusceptible to collision. According to another specific feature, whenthe cartilage conduction vibration unit is supported such that theprimary vibration direction thereof is orthogonal to the front surfaceof the chassis, the mobile telephone can be brought into contact withthe ear for cartilage conduction without any change in the level ofcomfort experienced with a normal telephone call.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephone inwhich a very slight stepped concavity is provided to the surface of themobile telephone and the cartilage conduction vibration unit is arrangedon the base surface of the concavity. It is thereby possible to protectthe cartilage conduction vibration unit from a collision to the mobiletelephone from an external unit, and also thereby possible to use theelastic deformation thereof to readily bring the cartilage conductionvibration unit into contact with the ear cartilage. According to aspecific feature, the arrangement is such that the vibration surface ofthe cartilage conduction vibration unit is positioned on the basesurface of the concavity, thus achieving efficient cartilage conduction.According to a more specific feature, a protective layer is provided tothe vibration surface; wherever possible, the ear cartilage is broughtinto direct contact with the vibration surface, and damage to thevibration surface is prevented. According to another specific feature,the concavity is provided to a side surface of the mobile telephone,whereby the advantages of having the concavity can suitably be enjoyed.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephoneprovided with a plurality of cartilage conduction vibration units havingprimary vibration surfaces which are not mutually parallel. Effectivecartilage conduction is thereby possible in a plurality of directions.According to a specific feature, the primary vibration surface of one ofthe plurality of cartilage conduction vibration units is substantiallyparallel to a side surface of the mobile telephone, and the primaryvibration surface of another one of the plurality of cartilageconduction vibration units is substantially parallel to the frontsurface of the mobile telephone. Cartilage conduction from the sidesurface, which is very advantageous, is thereby possible, as iscartilage conduction from the front surface, which is no lesscomfortable than when a mobile telephone is normally used.

According to another specific feature, an arrangement is employed inwhich the cartilage conduction vibration units are mutually parallel inthe longitudinal direction. According to yet another specific feature,an arrangement is employed in which the cartilage conduction vibrationunits are not mutually parallel in the longitudinal direction.

<Fifteenth Technical Feature>

A fifteenth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a plurality of elastic bodiesarranged at each of a plurality of corner parts of the chassis; andcartilage conduction vibration units provided to each of the pluralityof elastic bodies. There is thereby provided a mobile telephone in whichthe corner parts of the mobile telephone can be brought up against theear cartilage for cartilage conduction and in which the cartilageconduction vibration units arranged at the corner parts can be protectedfrom collision with an external unit.

According to a specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibrationunits are provided to the elastic bodies so as not to be exposed at theouter surfaces of the mobile telephone. According to a more specificfeature, each of the cartilage conduction vibration units is embedded inthe elastic bodies. According to yet another specific feature, each ofthe cartilage conduction vibration units is provided to the insides ofthe elastic bodies.

According to another specific feature, the plurality of cartilageconduction vibration units provided to each of the elastic bodies isgiven respectively different vibration directions. It is therebypossible to obtain favorable cartilage conduction whenever an elasticbody is held to the ear cartilage from different directions. Accordingto a more specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration units canbe controlled mutually independently.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration units provided to the elastic bodies are electromagneticvibrators. An electromagnetic vibrator, similarly with respect to apiezoelectric bimorph element, is an example of an element suitable forproviding a vibration source in the cartilage conduction vibrationunits.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising elastic bodies arranged on the chassis and cartilageconduction vibration units provided to the elastic bodies, wherein theelastic bodies and the cartilage conduction vibration units areconfigured as replaceable unit parts. It is thereby also possible, amongother possibilities, to facilitate replacing the elastic bodies andcartilage conduction vibration units, and to provide a product havingdifferent cartilage conduction vibration units while other parts areessentially the same.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a plurality of cartilage conduction vibration units providedto the chassis and given different vibration directions; and acontroller for independently controlling each of the plurality ofcartilage conduction vibration units. It is thereby possible to obtainfavorable cartilage conduction whenever an elastic body is held to theear cartilage from different directions. According to a more specificfeature, the plurality of provided cartilage conduction vibration unitsis controlled in accordance with the posture of the mobile telephone,and control in accordance with the direction in which an elastic body isheld against the ear becomes possible.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: elastic bodies arranged on the chassis and includingunrestrictedly vibrating parts where vibration is not controlled; andcartilage conduction vibration units provided to the unrestrictedlyvibrating parts of the elastic bodies. The vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration units is thereby more favorably transmitted to theelastic bodies.

According to a specific feature, the unrestrictedly vibrating parts areelongated parts elongated to the inside of the chassis. It is therebypossible to appropriately hold the cartilage conduction vibration unitswithin the mobile telephone even while vibration can be favorablytransmitted.

According to a specific feature, the unrestrictedly vibrating parts facea window unit provided to the chassis. The vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration units can thereby be favorably transmitted via thewindow unit. According to a more specific feature, the unrestrictedlyvibrating parts cover the window unit and have a rear surface facing thewindow unit, the cartilage conduction vibration units being provided tothe rear surface. The vibration of the cartilage conduction vibrationunits provided to the inside of the mobile telephone can thereby befavorably transmitted to the elastic bodies via the window unit.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: elastic bodies arranged on a chassis; cartilage conductionvibration units provided to the elastic units; and balancers provided tothe cartilage conduction vibration units. It is thereby possible toadjust the acoustic properties of the cartilage conduction vibrationunits transmitted to the elastic bodies.

<Sixteenth Technical Feature>

A sixteenth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a cartilage conduction vibrationunit; an air conduction generation unit; and selection means for makinga selection between a state for generating, and a state for notgenerating, vibration from the air conduction generation unit. A varietyof different uses are thereby made possible, and the ability to selectthe state for not generating vibration from the air conductiongeneration unit permits usage adapted to take the surroundings intoconsideration and/or adapted for privacy protection. The air conductiongeneration unit may also be configured so as to have a hollow boxstructure, according to need, in a case where there is a desire forvigorously generated air conduction.

According to a specific feature, the air conduction generation unit isconfigured such that the air conduction generation unit is made tovibrate by the transmission of the vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration unit, and the transmission of vibration from the cartilageconduction vibration unit is cut off whenever the selection means isused to select the state for not generating vibration from the airconduction generation unit. It is thereby made possible to selectbetween a state for generating, and a state for not generating,vibration from the air conduction generation unit using the cartilageconduction vibration unit as a vibration source.

According to a more specific feature, the mobile telephone includes avibration conductor for relaying the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration unit to the air conduction vibration unit, and therelay of vibration to the air conduction generation unit is cut offwhenever the selection means is used to select the state for notgenerating vibration from the air conduction generation unit. In thecase where such a vibration conductor is employed, it becomes possibleto select between a state for generating, and a state for notgenerating, vibration from the air conduction generation unit eventhough the cartilage conduction vibration unit and the air conductiongeneration unit are affixed together.

According to another specific embodiment, there is a sliding function bywhich the selection means can slide between a position for generating,and a position for not generating, the vibration from the air conductiongeneration unit. According to yet another specific feature, there is arotation function by which the selection means can be rotated between aposition for generating, and a position for not generating, thevibration from the air conduction generation unit. In the cases where amobile function is employed, it is also possible to configure such thatat least a part of at least one of either the cartilage conductionvibration unit or the air conduction generation unit can be moved by theselection means.

According to another specific feature, the air conduction generationunit includes a vibration source, and the selection means stops thegeneration of vibration from the vibration source of the air conductiongeneration unit in the state for not generating the vibration from theair conduction generation unit. It is thereby possible to select whetheror not air conduction is to be generated even in a configuration lackingmoveable parts.

According to another specific feature, there is an environmental noisedetection unit, and the selection means automatically selects the statefor not generating the vibration from the air conduction generation unitwhenever the environmental noise detected by the environmental noisedetection unit is at or below a predetermined loudness. It is therebypossible to automatically select a state adapted to take thesurroundings into consideration and/or adapted for privacy protection inthe state where the surroundings are silent.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: an audio generation unit; a pressure sensor for detectingpressure on the audio generation unit; and an automatic adjustment unitfor automatically changing the state of audio generated from the audiogeneration unit on the basis of the pressure detected by the pressuresensor. It is thereby possible to automatically change the state ofaudio generated from the audio generation unit on the basis of thenatural operation of pressing the audio generation unit up against theear. According to a specific feature, the audio generation unit is anair conduction speaker. According to another specific feature, theautomatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts the volume or acousticsof the audio generated from the audio generation unit.

According to another specific feature, the automatic adjustment unitchanges the state of audio generated in one direction from an initialstate and maintains the changed state in accordance with an increase inpressure from the pressure sensor, and returns the state of audiogenerated to the initial state in accordance with a predeterminedreduction or greater reduction in pressure from the pressure sensor. Itis thereby possible to change the state of audio generated on the basisof a natural operation, and also to avoid an unintentional change in thestate of audio generated. According to another specific feature, theautomatic adjustment unit automatically changes the state of audiogenerated from the audio generation unit when a change in pressure fromthe pressure sensor continues for a predetermined period of time orlonger, and does not respond to a change in pressure that does not meetthe predetermined period of time. It is thereby possible to avoid anunintentional change in the state of audio generated.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecharacterized by comprising a right ear audio generation unit, and aleft ear audio generation unit arranged at a different position thanthat of the right ear audio generation unit. It is thereby possible toachieve a natural posture for holding the mobile telephone up againstthe ear. According to a specific feature, the right ear audio generationunit and the left ear audio generation unit are each arranged at twocorner parts at the upper part of the mobile telephone. According toanother specific feature, a large-screen display unit is arranged on thesame surface on which the right ear audio generation unit and the leftear audio generation unit are arranged. According to another specificfeature, each of the right ear audio generation unit and the left earaudio generation unit air conduction speakers.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephone inwhich a large-screen display unit is provided, and air conductionspeakers are provided to the corner parts at the upper part of thesurface to which the large-screen display unit is provided. It isthereby possible to achieve a natural posture for effectively holdingthe air conduction speakers against the ear even while interferencebetween the large-screen display unit and the face is avoided.

<Seventeenth Technical Feature>

A seventeenth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a pair of cartilage conductionvibration units; a sound source signal unit; and drive units for drivingeach of the pair of cartilage conduction vibration units in a mutuallyphase-inverted waveform on the basis of a sound source signal from thesound source signal unit. It is thereby possible to obtain cartilageconduction by contact with each of the pair of cartilage conductionvibration units, and also thereby possible to substantially eliminateair conduction that is based on the vibration of the pair of cartilageconduction vibration units.

According to a specific feature, the pair of cartilage conductionvibration units is provided to each of the pair of corner parts at theupper part of the mobile telephone, which are suitable for contactagainst the ear cartilage. According to a further specific feature,elastic body units are provided to the pair of corner parts, and thepair of cartilage conduction vibration units is supported on the elasticbody units. It is thereby possible to protect the cartilage conductionvibration units from collision with an external unit.

According to a further specific feature, the outer surface of theelastic body units is beveled so as to have a smoothly convex shape,thus achieving suitable contact with the ear cartilage. According toanother specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibration unitsinclude a piezoelectric bimorph element or an electromagnetic vibrator.

According to another specific feature, the drive units are capable ofswitching between a mode for driving each of the pair of cartilageconduction vibration units in mutually inverted waveforms on the basisof a sound source signal from the sound source signal unit, and a modefor driving each of the pair of cartilage conduction vibration units inmutually identical waveforms on the basis of a sound source signal fromthe sound source signal unit. It is thereby possible to switch betweeneliminating and increasing air conduction.

According to yet another specific feature, there is an environmentalnoise detection unit, and the drive units drive each of the pair of thecartilage conduction vibration units in mutually inverted waveforms onthe basis of a sound source signal from the sound source signal unitwhenever the environmental noise detected by the environmental noisedetection unit is at or below a predetermined loudness. It is therebypossible to automatically eliminate air conduction when the environmentis silent.

According to yet another specific feature, it is possible to adjust thebalance for driving each of the pair of cartilage conduction vibrationunits in mutually inverted waveforms on the basis of a sound sourcesignal from the sound source signal unit. It is thereby possible toeffectively eliminate air conduction and also to regulate the statewhere air conduction is eliminated.

According to yet another feature, the drive units are capable of drivingonly one of the pair of cartilage conduction vibration units. It isthereby possible to avoid driving uselessly when there is no need toeliminate air conduction.

According to a more specific feature, the mobile telephone includes anenvironmental noise detection unit, and the drive units drive each ofthe pair of cartilage conduction vibration units in mutually invertedwaveforms on the basis of a sound source signal from the sound sourcesignal unit whenever the environmental noise detected by theenvironmental noise detection unit is at or below a predeterminedloudness, and drive only one of the pair of cartilage conductionvibration units whenever the environmental noise detected by theenvironmental noise detection unit is at or above a predeterminedloudness. It is thereby possible to cause only the cartilage conductionvibration unit that is in contact with the ear cartilage to vibrate, andin such a state to cause the other cartilage conduction vibration unitto vibrate in an inverted waveform and automatically eliminate airconduction when the environment becomes silent.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephone inwhich the cartilage conduction vibration units are provided to the pairof corner parts at the upper part of the mobile telephone, and the outersurface of the corner parts is beveled so as to have a smoothly convexshape. It is thereby made possible to make contact with the earcartilage without incurring substantial pain and also possible tocomfortably listen by cartilage conduction with the corner partsappropriately fitted to the cartilage around the external auditorymeatus.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a pair of cartilage conduction vibration units; a soundsource signal unit; drive units capable of driving each of the pair ofcartilage conduction vibration units on the basis of a sound sourcesignal from the sound source signal unit; a selection unit for selectinga cartilage conduction vibration unit to be driven by a drive unit; anda controller for controlling the waveform inversion of the sound sourcesignal from the sound source signal unit. The pair of cartilageconduction vibration units can thereby be used to achieve a variety ofdifferent forms of cartilage conduction.

<Eighteenth Technical Feature>

An eighteenth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising a surface of the outer wall and avibration source arranged inward from the surface of the outer wall,wherein when the vibration of the vibration source is transmitted to thesurface of the outer wall, and the surface of the outer wall is broughtinto contact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around theentrance part of the external auditory meatus without making contactwith the auricular helix, the sound pressure inside the externalauditory meatus at about 1 cm from the entrance part of the externalauditory meatus has an increase of at least 10 dB over that in thenon-contact state. A mobile telephone in which it is possible to listento sound by cartilage conduction can thereby be provided.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising an surface of the outer wall and a vibration source arrangedinward from the surface of the outer wall, wherein when the vibration ofthe vibration source is transmitted to the surface of the outer wall,and the surface of the outer wall is brought into contact with at leasta part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part of the externalauditory meatus without making contact with the auricular helix, thesound pressure inside the external auditory meatus at about 1 cm fromthe entrance part of the external auditory meatus changes by at least 5dB due to the change in contact pressure. A mobile telephone by whichthe volume can be changed by a change in contact pressure duringcartilage conduction can thereby be provided.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising an surface of the outer wall and a vibration source arrangedinward from the surface of the outer wall, wherein when the vibration ofthe vibration source is transmitted to the surface of the outer wall,and the entrance part of the external auditory meatus is occluded by thesurface of the outer wall being brought into contact with at least apart of the ear cartilage around the entrance part of the externalauditory meatus without contact being made with the auricular helix, thesound pressure in the external auditory meatus at about 1 cm from theentrance part of the external auditory meatus has an increase of atleast 20 dB compared to the non-contact state. A mobile telephone bywhich it is possible to listen to sound by the earplug bone conductioneffect during cartilage conduction can thereby be provided.

According to the specific features above, the sound pressure that isincreased or changed is at 1,000 Hz.

According to yet another feature, the increase or change in soundpressure is in a state where the output of the vibration source is notchanged. The sound pressure is thereby increased or changed without thevolume being altered.

According to another specific feature, the state where the surface ofthe outer wall is brought into contact with at least a part of the earcartilage around the entrance part of the external auditory meatuswithout making contact with the auricular helix is a state where thesurface of the outer wall is brought into contact with the outside ofthe tragus. According to a more specific feature, the state where thesound pressure in the external auditory meatus at about 1 cm from theentrance part of the external auditory meatus is increased by at least10 dB when the surface of the outer wall is brought into contact with atleast a part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus without making contact with the auricularhelix, compared to the non-contact state, is one where the contactpressure of the surface of the outer wall against the outside of thetragus is 250 g.

According to another specific feature, the vibration source is arrangedsuch that the vibration thereof is transmitted to the surface of thecorner parts of the outer wall, and the state where the surface of theouter wall is brought into contact with at least a part of the earcartilage around the entrance part of the external auditory meatuswithout making contact with the auricular helix is a state where thesurface of the corner parts of the outer wall is brought into contactwith the outside of the tragus. It is thereby possible to achievecontact suitable for obtaining cartilage conduction in the mobiletelephone.

According to a more specific feature, the corner parts of the outer wallare constituted of a different material from the other portions of theouter wall. According to another more specific feature, the vibrationsource is either held inside the outer wall at the corner parts of theouter wall or is held inside the corner parts of the outer wall.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising a surface of an outer wall, a vibration source arrangedinward from the surface of the outer wall, and volume adjustment means,the vibration of the vibration source being transmitted to the surfaceof the outer wall and sound being listened to by the contact of thesurface of the outer wall with at least a part of the ear cartilagearound the entrance part of the external auditory meatus without contactwith the auricular helix, wherein: in a room where the noise level (theA-weighted sound pressure level) is 45 dB or less, [the mobiletelephone] being brought into proximity with the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus and the surface of the outer wall beingarranged so as to not be in contact, the volume is minimized and puresound at 1,000 HZ is generated from the vibration source, and alsonarrow-band noise (⅓ octave-band noise) at a marginal level where thepure sound at 1,000 Hz is masked and cannot be heard is generated from aloudspeaker at a position separated from the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus by 1 m. When the narrow-band noise at 1,000 Hzis subsequently increased by 10 dB from the marginal level, bringing thesurface of the outer wall into contact with at least a part of the earcartilage around the entrance part of the external auditory meatuswithout making contact with the auricular helix makes it possible tolisten to pure sound at 1,000 Hz without the need to adjust or changethe volume adjusting means. A mobile telephone in which the volume canbe changed by a change in contact pressure during cartilage conductioncan thereby be provided.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising a surface of an outer wall, a vibration source arrangedinward from the surface of the outer wall, and volume adjustment means,the vibration of the vibration source being transmitted to the surfaceof the outer wall and sound being listened to by the contact of thesurface of the outer wall with at least a part of the ear cartilagearound the entrance part of the external auditory meatus without contactwith the auricular helix, wherein: in a room where the noise level (theA-weighted sound pressure level) is 45 dB or less, [the mobiletelephone] being brought into proximity with the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus and the surface of the outer wall beingarranged so as to not be in contact, the volume is minimized and puresound at 1,000 HZ is generated from the vibration source, and alsonarrow-band noise (⅓ octave-band noise) at a marginal level where thepure sound at 1,000 Hz is masked and cannot be heard is generated from aloudspeaker at a position separated from the entrance part of theexternal auditory meatus by 1 m. When the narrow-band noise at 1,000 Hzis subsequently increased by 20 dB from the marginal level, bringing thesurface of the outer wall into contact with at least a part of the earcartilage around the entrance part of the external auditory meatuswithout making contact with the auricular helix to occlude the entrancepart of the external auditory meatus makes it possible to listen to puresound at 1,000 Hz without the need to adjust or change the volumeadjusting means.

<Nineteenth Technical Feature>

A nineteenth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a sound output device in which the vibration of a vibrationsource arranged inward from the surface of an outer wall is transmittedto the surface of the outer wall, and sound is listened to by thecontact of the surface of the outer wall with at least a part of the earcartilage around the entrance part of the external auditory meatus,wherein the vibration source causes there to be generated, from thesurface of the outer wall, air conduction of a frequency characteristictrending inversely with respect to the frequency characteristic duringcartilage conduction. It is thereby possible for the frequencycharacteristic during cartilage conduction and the frequencycharacteristic of the vibration source to be complementary to each otherand, as a result, for the frequency characteristic of the sound reachingthe tympanic membrane to approach flatness.

According to a specific feature, the average air conduction generated bythe vibration source from the surface of the outer wall from 500 Hz to 1kHz is 5 dB less than the average air conduction generated by thevibration source from the surface of the outer wall from 1 kHz to 2.5kHz.

According to another specific feature, [the sound output device] isprovided with an equalizer for correcting the frequency characteristicin consideration of the frequency characteristic specific to cartilageconduction in regard to the vibration source is driven by a sound sourcesignal of the sound source signal output unit. It is thereby madepossible for frequency characteristic of the sound reaching the tympanicmembrane to approach flatness in consideration of the frequencycharacteristic of the cartilage conduction.

According to a more specific feature, the equalizer corrects for thefrequency characteristic, which is different from when the externalauditory meatus is in an open state, when the vibration source is drivenin the state where the external auditory meatus is occluded. It isthereby made possible for the frequency characteristic of the soundreaching the tympanic membrane to approach flatness in consideration ofthe frequency characteristic of cartilage conduction during the statewhere the earplug bone conduction effect occurs.

According to another specific feature, there is a low-pass filter forcorrecting the frequency characteristic in consideration of thefrequency characteristic specific to cartilage conduction in terms ofthe manner in which the vibration source is driven by a sound sourcesignal of the sound source signal output unit. According to a furtherspecific feature, the low-pass filter trims frequencies at 2.5 kHz andhigher when the sound output device is used in a mobile telephone. Inyet another specific feature, the low-pass filter trims frequencies at10 kHz and higher when the sound output device is used in an audiodevice. Concern can thereby be given to the surroundings during, forexample, silence.

According to another feature, there is provided a sound output devicewhich includes a sound source signal output unit for outputting a soundsource signal, a surface of an outer wall, a vibration source arrangedinward from the surface of the outer wall and driven by the sound sourcesignal from the sound source signal output unit, and an air conductiongeneration unit drive by the sound source signal from the sound sourcesignal output unit, wherein the air conduction generated by thetransmission of the vibration of the vibration source to the surface ofthe outer wall has a different frequency characteristic from that of theair conduction generated form the air conduction generation unit, itbeing possible to listen to sound by direct air conduction generatedfrom the air conduction generation unit or by air conduction throughcartilage conduction when the surface of the outer wall is brought intocontact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around the entrancepart of the external auditory meatus. The uncomfortable change inacoustics depending on the manner in which sound is being listened tocan thereby be attenuated.

According to another feature, there is provided a sound output devicewhich includes a sound source signal output unit for outputting a soundsource signal, a surface of an outer wall, a vibration source arrangedinward from the surface of the outer wall and driven by the sound sourcesignal from the sound source signal output unit, and an air conductiongeneration unit drive by the sound source signal from the sound sourcesignal output unit, wherein the frequency characteristic of the drivesignal when the vibration source is driven by the sound source signal isdifferent from the frequency characteristic of the drive signal when theair conduction generation unit is driven by the sound source signal, itbeing possible to listen to sound by direct air conduction generatedfrom the air conduction generation unit or by air conduction throughcartilage conduction when the surface of the outer wall is brought intocontact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around the entrancepart of the external auditory meatus. The uncomfortable change inacoustics depending on the manner in which sound is being listened tocan thereby be attenuated.

According to another feature, there is provided a sound output devicewhich includes a vibration source arranged inward from the surface of anouter wall, a sound source signal output unit for outputting a soundsource signal, and an equalizer for correcting the frequencycharacteristic in consideration of the frequency characteristic specificto cartilage conduction in regard to the vibration source being drivenby the sound source signal of the sound source signal unit, wherein thevibration of the vibration source is transmitted to the surface of theouter wall, and the surface of the outer wall is brought into contactwith at least a part of the ear cartilage around the entrance part ofthe external auditory meatus, whereby it is possible to listen to sound.It is thereby possible for consideration to be given to the frequencycharacteristic during cartilage conduction and, as a result, for thefrequency characteristic of sound reaching the tympanic membrane toapproach flatness. According to a specific feature, the equalizercorrects for the frequency characteristic, which is different from whenthe external auditory meatus is in an open state, in regard to drivingof the vibration source in the state where the external auditory meatusis occluded. According to a more specific feature, [the sound outputdevice] is provided with a detection unit for detecting whether or notthe external auditory meatus is in an occluded state, and the equalizerautomatically switches to the state where the frequency characteristicis corrected, on the basis of the detection by the detection unit.According to another more specific feature, [the sound output device] isprovided with a low-pass filter for correcting the frequencycharacteristic in consideration of the frequency characteristic specificto cartilage conduction in regard to driving of the vibration source bythe sound source signal of the sound source signal unit, and, when theequalizer corrects the frequency characteristic in the state where theexternal auditory meatus is occluded, the state is considered not to besilent, and the low-pass filter is made not to function.

According to another feature, there is provided a sound output devicewhich includes a vibration source arranged inward from the surface of anouter wall, a sound source signal output unit for outputting a soundsource signal, and a low-pass filter for correcting the frequencycharacteristic in consideration of the frequency characteristic specificto cartilage conduction in regard to driving of the vibration source bythe sound source signal of the sound source signal output unit, whereinthe vibration of the vibration source is transmitted to the surface ofthe outer wall, and the surface of the outer wall is brought intocontact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around the entrancepart of the external auditory meatus, whereby it is possible to listento sound. Concern can thereby be given to the surroundings during, forexample, silence. According to a specific feature, it is possible toswitch between whether or not the low-pass filter is made to function.It is thereby possible to provide support for times of silence and toproperly use an emphasis on acoustics. According to a more specificfeature, [the sound output device] is provided with an environmentalnoise detection unit for detecting environmental noise, and there is anautomatic switch for whether or not the low-pass filter is made tofunction, on the basis of the detection results from the environmentaldetection unit.

According to another feature, there is provided a sound output devicewhich includes a vibration source arranged inward from the surface of anouter wall, and a sound source signal output unit for outputting a soundsource signal, wherein the vibration of the vibration source istransmitted to the surface of the outer wall, and the surface of theouter wall is brought into contact with at least a part of the earcartilage around the entrance part of the external auditory meatus,whereby it is possible to listen to sound; the sound output device beingcharacterized in that the frequency characteristic is different when theexternal auditory meatus is in an occluded state and when the externalauditory meatus is in an open state, in regard to driving of thevibration source by the sound source signal of the sound source signaloutput unit. It is thereby possible to reduce the discomfort arisingfrom the presence or absence of the earplug bone conduction effect.

<Twentieth Technical Feature>

A twentieth technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a cartilage conduction vibrationsource; an outer surface having no localized projections; a cartilagecontact unit on the outer surface, to which the vibration of thecartilage conduction vibration source is transmitted such that theamplitude or the acceleration of the vibration reaches a maximum; and acartilage non-contact unit on the outer surface exhibiting an amplitudeor acceleration of vibration less than that at the cartilage contactunit. The vibration energy of the cartilage conduction vibration sourceis thereby concentrated on the cartilage contact unit and the dispersionto the cartilage non-contact unit is thereby reduced. The usage of themobile telephone will also not be hindered, because the cartilagecontact unit is set to the outer surface having no localizedprojections.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source; an outer surface; acartilage contact unit on the outer surface, which is set to a positionremoved from both the central up-down axis and central left-right axisof the outer surface and to which the vibration of the cartilageconduction vibration source is transmitted such that the amplitude orthe acceleration of the vibration reaches a maximum; and a cartilagenon-contact unit on the outer surface exhibiting an amplitude oracceleration of vibration less than that at the cartilage contact unit.Because the cartilage contact unit is set to a position removed fromboth the central up-down axis and the central left-right axis of theouter surface, the resulting arrangement is suitable for contact withthe ear cartilage at the entrance part of the external auditory meatus.

According to a specific feature, the cartilage contact unit is set to acorner part of the upper part of the mobile telephone. The resultingconfiguration is thereby suitable for bringing the surface of the outerwall into contact with at least a part of the ear cartilage around theentrance part of the external auditory meatus without making contactwith the auricular helix.

According to a more specific feature, cartilage contact units are set ineach of the pair of corner parts at the upper part of the mobiletelephone. It is thereby possible to concentrate the vibration energy ofthe cartilage conduction vibration source on the ear cartilage both whenthe mobile telephone is held up against the right ear and when themobile telephone is held up against the left ear.

According to another specific feature, the amplitude or the accelerationof vibration in the cartilage non-contact unit is ¼ or less theacceleration of vibration in the cartilage contact unit. The vibrationenergy of the cartilage conduction vibration source can thereby beconcentrated on the cartilage contact unit and the dispersion to thecartilage non-contact unit can thereby be reduced.

According to another specific feature, the amplitude or the accelerationof vibration in the cartilage non-contact unit reduces monotonically asthe distance from the cartilage contact unit increases. The vibrationenergy of the cartilage conduction vibration source can thereby beconcentrated on the cartilage contact unit and the dispersion to thecartilage non-contact unit can thereby be reduced.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source; a chassis; acartilage contact unit for holding the cartilage conduction vibrationsource so as not to be in contact with the chassis; and ananti-vibration material interposed between the cartilage contact unitand the chassis of the mobile telephone. The vibration energy of thecartilage conduction vibration source can thereby be concentrated on thecartilage contact unit.

According to a more specific feature, the aforesaid cartilage contactunit is constituted of a hard material, and the aforesaid anti-vibrationmaterial is constituted of an elastic body. The vibration energy of thecartilage conduction vibration source can thereby be concentrated on thecartilage contact unit.

As another element for concentrating the vibration energy of thecartilage conduction vibration source onto the cartilage contact unit,it is also suitable: to avoid the primary vibration direction of thecartilage conduction vibration source and support the same on thechassis of the mobile telephone; to reduce the surface area of contactbetween the cartilage contact unit and the chassis of the mobiletelephone supporting the same; to limit the position at which thecartilage conduction vibration source is held to the vicinity of thecartilage contact unit; to make the cartilage contact material of adifferent material from that of the chassis of the mobile telephone; andthe like. In addition to the cases of the independent usage of suchelements, it is also possible to employ an appropriate combination of aplurality of elements.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source; a T-coil; and acontroller for preventing the cartilage conduction vibration source fromvibrating whenever the T-coil is being used. The greater discomfort thatoccurs compared to listening to sound using the T-coil is therebyprevented, and the unnecessary consumption of power by cartilageconduction when the T-coil is operating is thereby prevented. In thedescription above, in a preferred configuration, to prevent accidentalconflation where cartilage conduction is turned off in tandem when theT-coil is turned on by a mistaken operation, the T-coil will not turn onunless a special operation is intentionally done.

<Twenty-first Technical Feature>

A twenty-first technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a telephone function unit; acartilage conduction vibration unit; an application processor forcontrolling the telephone function unit; a power management unit forsupplying a plurality of different voltages to the telephone functionunit; a drive circuit for driving the cartilage conduction vibrationunit on the basis of the power supplied from the power management; and acontroller for controlling the power management unit and the drivecircuit on the basis of an instruction from the application processor.The cartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby be driven directly,and power voltage can be supplied to the cartilage conduction vibrationunit integratedly with the supply of power voltage to the variousconstituent elements inside the mobile telephone, other integrated formsof control also being possible as well. According to a more specificfeature, the power management unit, the drive circuit, and thecontroller are configured as a single-chip integrated circuit.

According to another specific feature, the drive circuit has aboosted-voltage circuit, and the integrated circuit has a connectiveterminal for external attachment of a condenser for the boosted-voltagecircuit. The cartilage conduction vibration element (piezoelectricbimorph) can thereby be driven without the need to add a separate chipfor the boosted-voltage circuit.

According to another specific feature, the mobile telephone iscontrolled by a controller and has a cartilage conduction acousticprocessing for an audio signal for driving the cartilage conductionvibration unit. It is thereby possible to integrate the control of thepower management with the control for acoustic processing. Accordingly,the mobile telephone can be endowed with a suitable cartilage conductionfunction merely by a normal audio signal being inputted to theintegrated IC and the cartilage conduction vibration unit beingconnected to the integrated IC. According to a more specific feature,the power management unit, the drive circuit, the controller, and thecartilage conduction acoustic processing unit are configured as asingle-chip integrated circuit.

According to another specific feature, the mobile telephone includes aspeaker, a microphone, and an analog front-end unit by which the speakerand microphone are connected, the analog front-end unit being controlledby the controller. The output of audio signals can thereby becollectively switched and adjusted. Specifically, the transfer ofdigital control signals between the integrated IC and the applicationprocessor, the digital control signals relating to the functions of theoverall mobile telephone inclusive of the functions of the cartilageconduction vibration unit, can be integrated with the transfer of analogaudio signals between the integrated IC and the application processor.According to a more specific feature, the analog front-end unit switchesbetween driving the cartilage conduction vibration unit and driving thespeaker on the basis of the control by the controller. According toanother more specific feature, the power management unit, the drivecircuit, the controller, the cartilage conduction acoustic processingunit, and the analog front-end unit are configured as a single-chipintegrated circuit.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a telephone function unit; a cartilage conduction vibrationunit; an application processor for controlling the telephone functionunit; a power management unit for supplying a plurality of differentvoltages to the telephone function unit; a cartilage conduction acousticprocessing unit for an audio signal for driving the cartilage conductionvibration unit; and a controller for controlling the power managementunit and the cartilage conduction acoustic processing unit on the basisof an instruction from the application processor. The control foracoustic processing relating to cartilage conduction can thereby beintegrated with the control for power management. According to aspecific feature, the power management unit, the cartilage conductionacoustic processing unit, and the controller are configured as asingle-chip integrated circuit.

According to another specific feature, the mobile telephone has aspeaker, a microphone, and an analog front-end unit by which the speakerand microphone are connected, the analog front-end unit being controlledby the controller. The output of audio signals can thereby becollectively switched and adjusted. According to a more specificfeature, the analog front-end unit switches between driving thecartilage conduction vibration unit and driving the speaker on the basisof the control by the controller. According to yet another more specificfeature, the power management unit, the cartilage conduction acousticprocessing unit, the controller, and the analog-front end unit areconfigured as a single-chip integrated circuit.

According to another feature, there is provided a single-chip integratedcircuit which includes: a power management unit for supplying aplurality of different voltages for telephone functions; a connectingpart by which a cartilage conduction vibration element, which is one ofthe constituent elements of the cartilage conduction vibration unit, isconnected; a drive circuit for driving the cartilage conductionvibration unit on the basis of the power supplied from the powermanagement; and a controller for controlling the power management unitand the drive circuit on the basis of digital data from an externalunit. The cartilage conduction vibration unit can thereby be drivendirectly, and power voltage can be supplied to the cartilage conductionvibration unit integratedly with the supply of power voltage to thevarious constituent elements inside the mobile telephone, it beingpossible to also integrate the control thereof.

According to a specific feature, the drive circuit has a boosted-voltagecircuit, and the integrated circuit has a connective terminal forexternal attachment of a condenser for the boosted-voltage circuit. Thecartilage conduction vibration element (piezoelectric bimorph) canthereby be driven merely by the single-chip integrated circuit.

According to another specific feature, the single-chip integratedcircuit is controlled by the controller and has a cartilage conductionacoustic processing unit for an audio signal for driving the cartilageconduction vibration unit. It is thereby possible to integrate thecontrol of the power management with the control for acousticprocessing. According to another specific feature, the single-chipintegrated circuit includes a connecting part for the speaker, aconnecting part for the microphone, and an analog front-end unitconnected to each of the connecting parts, the analog front-end unitbeing controlled by the controller. According to a more specificfeature, the analog front-end unit switches between driving thecartilage conduction vibration unit and driving the speaker on the basisof the control by the controller.

According to another feature, there is provided a single-chip integratedcircuit which includes: a power management unit for supplying aplurality of different voltages for telephone functions; a connectingpart by which a cartilage conduction vibration element, which is one ofthe constituent elements of the cartilage conduction vibration unit, isconnected; an audio signal acoustic processing unit for an audio signalfor driving the cartilage conduction vibration unit; and a controllerfor controlling the power management unit and the cartilage conductionacoustic processing unit on the basis of digital data from an externalunit. According to a specific feature, the single-chip integratedcircuit includes a connecting part for the speaker, a connecting partfor the microphone, and an analog front-end unit connected to each ofthe connecting parts, the analog front-end unit being controlled by thecontroller. According to a more specific feature, the analog front-endunit switches between driving the cartilage conduction vibration unitand driving the speaker on the basis of the control by the controller.

<Twenty-second Technical Feature>

A twenty-second technical feature disclosed in the present specificationprovides a mobile telephone comprising: a cartilage conduction vibrationsource provided inside a chassis; and an elastic body integrally affixedto and covered by the exterior of the chassis. The vibration of thechassis of the mobile telephone is thereby suppressed and sound leakagedue to the generation of air conduction sound is thereby attenuated.According to a specific feature, the mobile telephone has a cartilageconduction unit for conducting the vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration source and for making contact with the ear cartilage, it beingthus possible to listen to sound by cartilage conduction even whilesound leakage to the surroundings due to the generation of airconduction sound is attenuated.

According to a more specific feature, the cartilage conduction unit isan elastic body. The elastic body has an acoustic impedanceapproximating that of ear cartilage, wherefore it is possible to listento sound by cartilage conduction even when sound leakage to thesurroundings due to the generation of air conduction sound isattenuated. According to a further specific feature, the cartilageconduction unit can be an elastic body integrally affixed to and coveredby the exterior of the chassis. More specifically, the cartilageconduction unit can be connected with an elastic body integrally affixedto and covered by the exterior of the chassis.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conduction unit isa rigid body, and the elastic body also covers the cartilage conductionunit. Sound leakage to the surroundings due to the generation of airconduction sound can thereby be attenuated even while favorablecartilage conduction is obtained. According to a more specific feature,the cartilage conduction unit is supported on the chassis via avibration isolation material, and the transmission of vibrations to thechassis is attenuated. According to a further specific feature, thevibration isolation material is an elastic body of the same material asthe elastic body integrally affixed to and covered by the exterior ofthe chassis.

According to another specific feature, the cartilage conductionvibration source is supported on the cartilage conduction unit in astate of non-contact with the chassis, and the direct transmission ofvibration from the cartilage conduction vibration source to the chassisis avoided. In the case where priority is given to structuralsimplicity, it is also possible for the cartilage conduction vibrationsource to be supported on the chassis. The chassis will then havegreater vibration, but such vibration can be attenuated by the elasticbody integrally affixed to and covered by the exterior of the chassis.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: an elastic body integrally affixed to and covered by theexterior of the chassis, and a cartilage conduction vibration sourcesupported by the elastic body in a state of non-contact with thechassis. It is thereby possible to attenuate sound leakage to thesurroundings due to the generation of air conduction sound even whileavoiding the direct transmission of vibration from the cartilageconduction vibration source to the chassis, and to listen to sound bycartilage conduction.

According to a specific feature, the cartilage conduction vibrationsource is supported on the inside of the elastic body, and the outsideof the elastic body at the part supporting the cartilage conductionvibration source serves as a cartilage conduction unit for makingcontact with the ear cartilage. According to a further specific feature,the cartilage conduction vibration source is supported on the inside ofthe elastic body via a rigid support unit.

According to another specific feature, the mobile telephone has asupport structure for supporting the internal configuration of themobile telephone on the chassis from the inside such that the weightthereof vibrates integrally. The vibration from the interior and theexterior of the chassis of the mobile telephone can thereby besuppressed.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source provided to theinterior of a chassis; and a support structure for supporting theinternal configuration of the mobile telephone on the chassis from theinside such that the weight thereof vibrates integrally. The vibrationof the chassis of the mobile telephone is thereby suppressed and soundleakage due to the generation of air conduction sound is therebyattenuated. Internal configurations contributing to the above include abattery.

According to a specific feature, the mobile telephone has a finelysubdividing structure for finely subdividing surplus space of theinterior of the chassis. The vibration of the chassis of the mobiletelephone can thereby be suppressed and the air inside the chassisprevented from resonating, and the generation of air conduction soundcan thereby be attenuated.

According to another feature, there is provided a mobile telephonecomprising: a cartilage conduction vibration source provided to theinterior of a chassis, and a finely subdividing structure for finelysubdividing the surplus space of the interior of the chassis. The airinside the chassis can thereby be prevented from resonating, and thegeneration of air conduction sound can thereby be attenuated. An exampleof a finely subdividing structure is a barrier wall. Another example ofa finely subdividing structure is a nonwoven cloth packed inside thechassis.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The present invention can be applied to a mobile telephone.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

-   24, 26 Cartilage conduction vibration unit-   32,34 Tragus-   19, 21, 22 Sensor-   49 Gravitational acceleration detection unit-   5, 17, 39 Gravitational acceleration detection unit-   3 Folding structure-   13 Audio output unit-   38 Environment-noise microphone-   36 Phase adjustment unit-   39 Controller

What is claimed is:
 1. A mobile telephone having a display unit to bewatched by a user of the mobile telephone and four corners includingupper two corners and lower two corners, comprising a cartilageconduction unit for making contact with ear cartilage to transmitvibration from the cartilage conduction unit to the ear cartilage, thecartilage conduction unit being provided to at least one of the uppertwo corners, wherein the corner to which the cartilage conduction unitis provided is configured to contact with the ear cartilage at theentrance part of the external auditory meatus without aid from aprotrusion when the mobile telephone is inclined with the display unitfacing to cheek of the user to lower the corner than the other uppercorner.
 2. The mobile telephone according to claim 1 wherein thecartilage conduction unit is provided to each of the upper two cornersof the mobile telephone, wherein the cartilage conduction unit providedto one of the upper two corners is for right ear hearing while the othercartilage conduction unit provided to the other of the upper two cornersis for left ear hearing.
 3. The mobile telephone according to claim 1wherein a corner part of a chassis of the mobile telephone is thecartilage conduction unit, and vibration of the cartilage conductionvibration source is transmitted to the corner part by having one part ofa cartilage conduction vibration source supported on the inside of thechassis in the vicinity of the corner part, and by causing another partthereof to vibrate unrestrictedly inside the chassis.
 4. The mobiletelephone according to claim 3 wherein the cartilage conductionvibration source is supported by the cartilage conduction unit so that aprimary vibration direction of the cartilage conduction vibration sourceis perpendicular to any one of an upper surface, side surface, or frontsurface of the chassis of the mobile telephone.
 5. The mobile telephoneaccording to claim 3 wherein a circuit for the cartilage conductionvibration source is supported inside the chassis and is integrated withthe cartilage conduction vibration source.
 6. The mobile telephoneaccording to claim 3 wherein a part of the cartilage conductionvibration source to which an electrical terminal is not provided issupported inside the chassis, and another part to which the electricalterminal is provided is made to vibrate unrestrictedly.
 7. The mobiletelephone according to claim 1 wherein a part of a cartilage conductionvibration source is supported inside an elastic body, and an exterior ofthe elastic body is arranged at a corner part of a chassis of the mobiletelephone as the cartilage conduction unit.
 8. The mobile telephoneaccording to claim 2 wherein each of two end parts of a cartilageconduction vibration source is respectively supported inside a pair ofelastic bodies, and an exterior of each of the pair of elastic bodies isrespectively arranged at two corner parts at the upper side of themobile telephone as the cartilage conduction units.
 9. The mobiletelephone according to claim 8 wherein an elastic body is arranged ateach of two corner parts at the lower side of the mobile telephone andare configured, together with the pair of elastic bodies arranged at thetwo corner parts at the upper side of the mobile telephone, so as toattenuate a collision from an external unit with the four corners of themobile telephone.
 10. The mobile telephone according to claim 8 whereinthe cartilage conduction vibration source is supported so that a primaryvibration direction thereof is orthogonal to any one of a front surfaceor an upper surface of the chassis.
 11. The mobile telephone accordingto claim 2 comprising a pair of elastic bodies arranged at two cornerparts at the upper side of the mobile telephone as the cartilageconduction units, and a pair of cartilage conduction vibration sourcesprovided to the pair of elastic bodies, respectively.
 12. The mobiletelephone according to claim 11 wherein the cartilage conductionvibration sources provided to each of the pair of elastic bodes can becontrolled mutually independently.
 13. The mobile telephone according toclaim 1 wherein a cartilage conduction vibration source is held by thecartilage conduction unit so as not to make contact with a chassis ofthe mobile telephone; and an anti-vibration material is interposedbetween the cartilage conduction unit and the chassis of the mobiletelephone.
 14. The mobile telephone according to claim 13 wherein thecartilage conduction unit is constituted of a hard material, and theanti-vibration material is an elastic body.
 15. The mobile telephoneaccording to claim 1 comprising: an audio input unit; a phase inverterfor phase-inverting audio information inputted from the audio inputunit; and a controller for outputting, from the cartilage conductionunit, the audio information phase-inverted by the phase inverter.
 16. Amobile telephone having four corners including upper two corners andlower two corners, comprising a cartilage conduction unit for makingcontact with ear cartilage to transmit vibration from the cartilageconduction unit to the ear cartilage, the cartilage conduction unitbeing provided to at least one of the upper two corners, wherein thecorner to which the cartilage conduction unit is provided is configuredto so fit the ear as to contact with the ear cartilage at the entrancepart of the external auditory meatus without making contact with theauricular helix.
 17. The mobile telephone according to claim 16, whereinthe cartilage conduction unit is provided to each of the upper twocorners of the mobile telephone, wherein the cartilage conduction unitprovided to one of the upper two corners is for right ear hearing whilethe other cartilage conduction unit provided to the other of the uppertwo corners is for left ear hearing.
 18. The mobile telephone accordingto claim 16, wherein the ear cartilage includes tragus, and central partof upper portion of the mobile telephone between the upper two cornersoff the entrance part of the external auditory meatus when the corner towhich the cartilage conduction unit is provided is in contact with thetragus at the entrance part of the external auditory meatus.
 19. Amobile telephone having a display unit to be watched by a user of themobile telephone and four corners including upper two corners and lowertwo corners, comprising a cartilage conduction unit for making contactwith ear cartilage to transmit vibration from the cartilage conductionunit to the ear cartilage, the cartilage conduction unit being providedto at least one of the upper two corners, wherein the corner to whichthe cartilage conduction unit is provided is configured to contact withthe ear cartilage at the entrance part of the external auditory meatuswith central part of upper portion of the mobile telephone between theupper two corners off the entrance part of the external auditory meatus.20. The mobile telephone according to claim 19, wherein the earcartilage includes tragus, and the corner to which the cartilageconduction unit is provided is configured to contact with the traguswithout aid from a protrusion when the mobile telephone is inclined withthe display unit facing to cheek of the user to lower the corner thanthe other upper corner.
 21. A mobile telephone according to claim 1,wherein the ear cartilage includes tragus, and the corner to which thecartilage conduction unit is provided is configured to contact with thetragus without aid from a protrusion when the mobile telephone isinclined with the display unit facing to cheek of the user to lower thecorner than the other upper corner.
 22. A mobile telephone according toclaim 16, wherein the ear cartilage includes tragus, and the corner towhich the cartilage conduction unit is provided is configured to so fitthe ear as to contact with the tragus without making contact with theauricular helix.
 23. A mobile telephone according to claim 19, whereinthe ear cartilage includes tragus, and the corner to which the cartilageconduction unit is provided is configured to contact with the tragus atthe entrance part of the external auditory meatus with central part ofupper portion of the mobile telephone between the upper two corners offthe entrance part of the external auditory meatus.